铸态及快淬态La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9Crx(x=0～0.4)贮氢合金的电化学性能

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系(PuNi3型)贮氢合金的电化学循环稳定性,在La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9合金中加入微量Cr,用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9Crx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)贮氢合金.研究了Cr含量对铸态及快淬态合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响.XRD,SEM及TEM的分析结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相(PuNi3型结构)、LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相.随Cr含量的增加,铸态合金中LaNi2相的量增加.电化学测试结果表明,Cr的加入提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性,但使合金的容量下降.当Cr添加量从0增加到0.4时,铸态合金的容量从396.3 mAh/g下降到355.6 mAh/g,循环寿命从72次增加到97次;快淬态(30 m/s)合金的容量从364.2 mAh/g下降到334.2 mAh/g,循环寿命从100次增加到131次.Cr添加使铸态合金的放电电压特性和活化性能得到改善.     

铸态及快淬态Mm(NiMnSiAlCu)4.3Co0.6-xFex(x=0～0.4)电极合金的电化学性能

用XRD,TEM及SEM测试了稀土基AB5型贮氢合金Mm(NiMnSiAlCu)4.3Co0.6-xFex(x=0～0.4) 的微观结构,并全面测试了合金在铸态及快淬态下的电化学性能.研究结果表明,铸态合金为双相结构,主相为CaCu5型相,还有少量Ce2Ni7相,经快淬处理后,第二相减少.对铸态合金,随Fe含量的增加,合金的容量有所降低,循环稳定性得到改善.对快淬态合金,当铁含量大于0.2时,合金的容量急剧下降,而循环稳定性大幅度增加.这主要是由于铁的加入使合金的微观结构发生了变化.     

LaxMm1-x(NiCoMnCuAl)5.1贮氢合金的电化学性能

在低钴AB5型贮氢合金LaxMm1-x(NiCoMnCuAl)5．1(x=0．25，0．38，0．56，0．74)中，加入纯La调整富Ce混合稀土中的La含量，测试了合金的电化学性能，研究了La含量的变化对LaxMm1-x(NiCoMnCuAl)5．1合金晶格参数、热力学参数及电化学性能的影响。结果表明，合金的晶格常数、晶胞体积及标准生成焓的绝对值随La含量的增加而增大，La含量的增加对提高铸态及快淬态合金的容量有利，但使得电化学循环稳定性及放电平台压下降，La含量的变化对合金的活化性能基本没有影响，铸态和快淬态合金通过1～2次循环均可完全活化。     

硼及快淬工艺对La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的微观结构及电化学容量的影响

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La-Mg-Ni系(PuNi3型)贮氢合金La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9Bx(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2),分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与电化学容量,研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学容量的影响.结果表明,铸态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相(PuNi3型)、LaNi5相,一定量的LaNi2相和微量的Ni2B相,经快淬处理后Ni2B相消失.硼的加入对铸态及快淬态合金的容量产生不同的影响,铸态合金的容量随硼含量的增加而单调下降,而快淬态合金的容量随硼含量的增加有一极大值.快淬处理对含硼及不含硼合金的容量也有不同的影响,随淬速的增加,不含硼合金的容量单调下降,而含硼合金的容量可以获得一个极大值.     

RE-Mg-Ni系A_2B_7型合金的循环稳定性及电化学贮氢动力学

为了改善La-Mg-Ni系A2B7电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,用Zr部分替代合金中的La,并采用熔体快淬技术制备了La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)电极合金.用XRD,TEM分析了合金的微观结构,结果表明,快淬不含Zr合金具有完全的纳米晶结构,而快淬含Zr合金中出现明显的非晶相,证明Zr替代有利于提高合金的非晶形成能力.铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相(La,Mg)2Ni7及LaNi5和残余相LaNi2,Zr替代及快淬导致LaNi5相增加和(La,Mg)2Ni7相减少.Zr替代及快淬处理显著提高了合金的电化学循环稳定性,但快淬明显降低Zr0.2合金的电化学贮氢动力学;随Zr替代量的增加,5 m/s快淬合金的电化学贮氢动力学先增加后降低.     

非化学计量比对贮氢合金Mm(NiCoMnAl)5Bx电化学性能的影响

研究了稀土系非化学计量比贮氢合金Mm(NiCoMrLAl5)5Bx(x=0，0．1，0．2，0．3，0．4)微观结构及电化学性能，分析了非化学计量比x对贮氢合金电化学性能的影响．研究结果表明，铸态非化学计量比合金Mn(NiCoMnAl)5Bx具有双相组织，主相为CaCu5结构相，还有少量CeCO4B第二相，第二相的相丰度随x的增加而增大．经22m/s淬速快淬处理后，合金中的第二相消失．随非化学计量比x的增加，合金的电化学容量下降，但活化性能、倍率放电能力循环寿命明显提高，放电电压特性得到一定改善．     

快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响

通过XRD、TEM、DTA分析和电化学实验，研究了快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响，研究表明，成分均匀性改善和单胞体积减小是影响快淬氢合金电化学性能的主要因素，其中，前者使充放电循环稳定性提高，后者使放电容量降低，在本研究中，快淬速度为10m/s时，合金成分的均匀性已较铸态有明显改善，更高的快淬速度并不能使成分的均匀性进一步大幅度提高，反而使单胞体积减小，因此，快淬速度为10m/s时，快淬合金的综合电化学性能最佳。     

快凝对MmNi5-x(CoMn)x合金电化学性能的影响

利用熔体淬冷法制备出不同速度下的4种合金薄带,研究了快凝对贮氢合金电化学性能的影响.合金的晶体结构采用XRD和SEM进行表征.结果显示,铸态和快凝合金都是单一的CaCu5相结构,快凝后的合金组织变得更加细密,晶粒变小而且更加均匀.电化学实验结果表明,快凝显著提高了合金的稳定性,但是降低了合金的放电容量和高倍率性能,铸态...     

退火处理对La-Mg-Ni-Co合金电化学性能的影响

为了改善La-Mg-Ni-Co系贮氢电极合金的综合电化学性能，研究了退火处理对La0.7Mg0.3(Ni0.85Co0.15)3.4相结构和电化学性能的影响.在1 073 ～1 223 K下退火9 h制得样品，并进行了XRD分析以及恒电流充放电、线性极化和恒电位阶跃3种电化学测试.结果表明，铸态和退火态合金均由具有PuNi3结构的主相及少量杂相组成.退火态合金相的成分和结构均匀性得到明显改善，并具有较低的吸氢体积膨胀率.退火处理使合金的最大放电容量有所提高，循环稳定性得到明显改善.退火态合金放电容量的提高与合金中主相丰度的增大密切相关.合金循环稳定性的改善主要归结于退火态合金具有较低的吸氢体积膨胀率和较好的合金成分均匀性.     

AB5型储氢合金电极材料的研究

采用熔体旋转(melt-spinning)技术制备的AB5型储氢合金，用扫描电镜观察合金的显微组织并对合金成分进行了EDX分析，用XRD研究合金结构和晶胞参数及吸氢体胀率，对比快淬态与铸态合金的使用性能．结果表明．快淬态合金性能优于铸态合金．     

Effects of alloying side B on Ti-based AB2 hydrogen storage alloys

Ti-based AB2-type hydrogen storage alloys are a group of promising materials, which will probably replace the prevalent rare earth-based AB5-type alloys and be adopted as the main cathode materials of nickelmetal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries in the near future. Alloying in side B is a major way to improve the performance of Ti-based AB2-type alloys. Based on recent studies, the effects of alloying elements in side B upon the performance of Ti-based AB2-type hydrogen storage alloys are systematically reviewed here. These performance sare divided into two categories, namely PCI characteristics, including hydrogen storage capacity (HSC), plateau pressure (PP), pressure hysteresis (PH) and pressure plateau sloping (PPS), and electrochemical properties, including discharge capacity (DC), activation property ( AP), cycling stability (CS) and high-rate dischargeability (HRD). Furthermore, the existing problems in these investigations and some suggestions for future research are proposed.     

气体雾化AB5型贮氢合金微观结构特征及电化学性能

用气体雾化方法可以制备具有CaCu5型六方晶体结构MmNi5-x(CoMnAl)x的球形贮氢合金粉．其贮氢合金表面存在氧化层．气体雾化合金需要较长周期才能充分活化，然而气体雾化合金的循环寿命明显优于机械球磨合金．     

Co部分替代Ni对La_(0.4)Er_(0.4)Mg_(0.2)Ni_(3.3-x)Co_xAl_(0.2)(0.1≤x≤0.4)储氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

为了改善储氢合金La0.4Er0.4Mg0.2Ni3.3-xCoxAl0.2(0.1≤x≤0.4)的结构和综合电化学性能,采用Co部分替代Ni的方法,实验采用高频感应炉制备La0.4Er0.4Mg0.2Ni3.3-xCoxAl0.2(0.1≤x≤0.4)储氢合金。通过X射线衍射技术和电化学测量方法研究储氢合金的晶体结构和电化学性能。XRD图谱显示样品储氢合金主要由LaNi5和La2Ni7相组成,电化学实验表明,随着Co含量的增高,储氢合金电极的最大放电容量和50次循环后的容量保持率S50基本呈现增加状态,放电容量从x=0.1时的225mA·h/g升高到x=0.4时的254.9mA·h/g,容量保持率S50从57.11%(x=0.1)增加到66.10%(x=0.4),但高倍率性能不断下降。通过交流阻抗(EIS)和线性扫描(LS)对Co替代Ni的合金动力学性能分析发现,Co替代Ni后合金的表面电荷转移能力先降低后升高。     

Gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of as-quenched nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni-type alloys

The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg₂Ni-type Mg₂Ni_1?x Co _x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were synthesized by melt quenching technology. The structures of the as-cast and quenched alloys were characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The gaseous hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys was measured using an automatically controlled Sieverts apparatus. The alloy electrodes were charged and discharged with a constant current density in order to investigate the electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys. The results demonstrate that the substitution of Co for Ni results in the formation of secondary phases MgCo₂ and Mg instead of altering the major phase Mg₂Ni. No amorphous phase is detected in the as-quenched Cofree alloy, however, a certain amount of amorphous phase is clearly found in the as-quenched alloys substituted by Co. Furthermore, both the rapid quenching and the Co substitution significantly improve the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys, for which the notable increase of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D) along with the limiting current density (I _L ) and the obvious decline of the electrochemical impedance generated by both the Co substitution and the rapid quenching are basically responsible.     

Influence of substituting Ni with Co on hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of melt spun nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni-type alloys

In order to improve the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of the Mg₂Ni-type alloys, Ni in the alloy is substituted by element Co. The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg₂Ni-type Mg₂Ni_1−x Co _x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were synthesized by melt-spinning technique. The structures of the as-cast and spun alloys were studied with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a high resolution transmission electronic microscope (HRTEM). An investigation on the thermal stability of the as-spun alloys was carried out with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the alloys were measured with an automatically controlled Sieverts apparatus. The results demonstrate that the substitution of Co for Ni does not alter the major phase of Mg₂Ni but results in the formation of secondary phase MgCo₂. No amorphous phase is detected in the as-spun Co-free alloy, but a certain amount of amorphous phase is clearly found in the as-spun Co-containing alloys. The substitution of Co for Ni exerts a slight influence on the hydriding kinetics of the as-spun alloy. However, it dramatically enhances the dehydriding kinetics of the as-cast and spun alloys. As Co content (x) increases from 0 to 0.4, the hydrogen desorption capacity increases from 0.19% to 1.39% (mass fraction) in 20 min for the as-cast alloy, and from 0.89% to 2.18% (mass fraction) for the as-spun alloy (30 m/s).     

Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Performance of the Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Pr-Mg-Ni-based Alloys Synthesized by Mechanical Milling

The PrMg12-type composite alloy of PrMg₁₁Ni + x wt% Ni (x=100,200) with an amorphous and nanocrystalline microstructure were synthesized through the mechanical milling.Effects of milling duration and Ni content on the microstructures and electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of the ball-milled alloys were methodically studied.The ball-milled alloys obtain the optimum discharge capacities at the first cycle.Increasing Ni content dramatically enhances the electrochemical property of alloys.Milling time varying may obviously impact the electrochemical performance of these alloys.The discharge capacities show a significant upward trend with milling duration prolonging,but milling for a longer time more than 40 h induces a slight decrease in the discharge capacity of the x=200 alloy.As milling duration increases,the cycle stability clearly lowers,while it first declines and then augments under the same condition for the x=200 alloy.The high-rate discharge abilities of the ball-milled alloys show the optimum values with milling time varying.     

LaNi_（3.8）Co_（1.1）Mn_（0.1）/TiMn_（1.5）贮氢合金的结构和性能

为了探索一种新的掺杂方式对AB5型贮氢合金贮氢性能的影响,采用熔炼掺杂方法制备La-Ni3.8Co1.1Mn0.1/TiMn1.5（TiMn1.5质量分数为4%、8%）贮氢合金,利用PCTPro-2000气体吸附测量仪研究了合金的气态储氢性能。XRD和SEM分析显示,熔炼掺杂后合金主相为LaNi5相,出现少量（NiCo）3Ti相。P-C-T测试结果表明,（NiCo）3Ti相的出现对合金气态贮氢性能有较大影响,熔炼掺杂后合金吸放氢平台压和滞后效应降低,贮氢容量减少。掺杂TiMn1.5使得合金的氢化物的生成焓由原始合金的-27.35kJ/mol降至-29.14kJ/mol（掺杂质量分数8%的TiMn1.5）,较高温度有利于合金中氢的释放,同时掺杂形成的（NiCo）3Ti相改善了合金吸/放氢动力学性能。     

La1-xCexNi3.54Co0.78Mn0.35Al0.32贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的研究

采用真空电弧熔炼和热处理方法制备了La1-xCexNi3.54Co0.78Mn0.35Al0.32(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6)贮氢合金.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,合金含有单一CaCu5型六方结构相.电化学性能测试表明,随着x的增加,合金的最大放电容量从348.1mAh/g(x=0.1)单调地减小到310.1 mAh/g(x=0.6);HRD1200先从28.6%(x=0.1)增加到65.4%(x=0.5)然后降低到60.1%(x=0.6),归因于合金表面的电催化活性和合金体内氢原子扩散速率均随x的增大先增大后减小.