Efficient and Selective Hydrogenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Dimethylfuran Over a Non-noble CoNCx/NiFeO Catalyst

Catalysis Letters - Currently, there is tremendous interest in the discovery of efficient and low-cost catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to...     

Genomics-Guided Efficient Identification of 2,5-Diketopiperazine Derivatives from Actinobacteria

Secondary metabolites derived from microorganism constitute an important part of natural products. Mining of the microbial genomes revealed a large number of uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters, indicating their greater potential to synthetize specialized or secondary metabolites (SMs) than identified by classic fermentation and isolation approaches. Various bioinformatics tools have been developed to analyze and identify such gene clusters, thus accelerating significantly the mining process. Heterologous expression of an individual biosynthetic gene cluster has been proven as an efficient way to activate the genes and identify the encoded metabolites that cannot be detected under normal laboratory cultivation conditions. Herein, we describe a concept of genomics-guided approach by performing genome mining and heterologous expression to uncover novel CDPS-derived DKPs and functionally characterize novel tailoring enzymes embedded in the biosynthetic pathways. Recent works focused on the identification of the nucleobase-related and dimeric DKPs are also presented.     

由稻壳炭合成介孔二氧化硅

以稻壳发电残渣稻壳炭的碱提取液为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,在碱性条件下通过溶胶-凝胶方法合成多孔二氧化硅前驱体。获得的前驱体采用萃取的方式脱除模板剂,合成产品采用低温氮气吸脱附、XRD、TEM、白度仪等手段进行了表征,确证得到的产品为高比表面、有序介孔二氧化硅。讨论了前处理和脱模方式对合成产物结构和性质的影响。     

Hydrogen Production by Photo-Induced Reforming of Biomass Components and Derivatives at Ambient Conditions

Hydrogen can be produced at ambient conditions via an efficient, technologically simple, ecologically benign, and potentially very low-cost process, with the use of a Pt/TiO₂ photocatalyst and three abundant and renewable sources: biomass, solar light, and water. The method combines photocatalytic splitting of water and light-induced oxidation of biomass compounds into a single process, able to produce hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.     

Analysis of Methanol Production from Biomass Gasification

A biomass‐based methanol production process was investigated. The process consists of a biomass gasifier, steam reformer, and methanol synthesis reactor as the main units. Reactors were simulated by applying the kinetic models previously developed and the process was analyzed based on the simulation results. The key parameters, the equivalence ratio in biomass gasification, the temperature in steam reforming, and the recycle of hydrogen in methanol synthesis were identified. These parameters affect the methanol production. The process analysis indicates that the optimal combinations of the parameters can greatly enhance the methanol production and the thermodynamic efficiency. Finally, the elemental analysis for carbon and hydrogen along the process was carried out.     

生物质制氢技术研究进展

对生物质的裂解和气化制氢技术进行了归纳总结,单纯使用生物质裂解或气化制取氢气效果并不理想,使用催化剂裂解气化能够明显提高产气率和产氢率,为以后大规模生物质制氢提供了理论依据。最后简单介绍了本课题组的生物质一体化制氢技术。     

基于生物质制备多孔碳的电化学储能研究

近年来,大量化石燃料的使用改变了全球气候,加剧了温室效应并且产生了严重的热污染.能源枯竭和环境污染问题迫在眉睫,为实现生态环境的可持续发展,人们研究和开发了各种新型的储能材料和器件.超级电容器是最近几年发展迅速的一种新型储能装置,典型特点是储能和快速充放电.因为生物质绿色无污染、资源丰富和可再生,另外,生物质氮自掺杂炭材料因为孔隙发达、孔隙可调、耐酸碱、比表面积大,故可作为制备电极材料碳源的最优选择.本文分别以石榴籽和化妆棉两种生物质作为碳源,利用高温热解法来制备生物质氮自掺杂炭材料电极,并测其电化学性能.经过电化学测试得出,在1 A/g的电流密度下,石榴籽与KOH的质量比为3:1时比电容最大,约为295 F·g-1,同样电流密度下,化妆棉与KOH质量比为3:1时比电容最大,约为225 F·g-1.     

Recent Advances in Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Ethanol is considered the most potential next generation automotive fuel because it is carbon‐neutral and could be produced from renewable resources like lignocellulosic biomass. There are some technological barriers such as pretreatment, saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose matrix, and simultaneous fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars which needs to be addressed for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol. This paper reviews the various process options and kinetic models adopted towards resolving the technological challenges to develop a low‐cost commercial process.     

Hydrogenation of Citral using Monometallic Pt and Bimetallic Pt‐Ru Catalysts on a Mesoporous Support in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Medium

Supercritical carbon dioxide was shown to be a suitable reaction medium for the highly efficient hydrogenation of citral using monometallic Pt and bimetallic Pt‐Ru supported on a mesoporous material, MCM‐48, as catalyst. A remarkable change in the product distribution was observed after the addition of Ru to the monometallic Pt catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide. The monometallic Pt catalyst was found to be highly selective to the unsaturated alcohol (geraniol+nerol) at a temperature of 323 K within 2 h whereas the bimetallic catalyst becomes selective to the partially saturated aldehyde (citronellal) under the same reaction conditions. Phase behavior plays an important role in the product distribution. Highest conversion and high selectivity to citronellal were achieved in the homogeneous phase for the Pt‐Ru catalyst while on the other hand the unsaturated alcohol (geraniol+nerol) was produced in the heterogeneous phase for the monometallic Pt catalyst. An XPS study offers strong evidence of the electronic modification of Pt after the addition of Ru in the bimetallic catalyst. The change in product distribution on the Pt‐Ru bimetallic catalyst may be explained by the appreciable interaction between the medium and the metal particles promoted by the presence of metallic Ru.     

生物质热化学制氢的研究进展

介绍了生物质制氢的路线,详细分析了制氢研究的热点-生物质热化学方法,包括热裂解、气化及超临界水气化三种方法的研究进展,总结了相关试验方法及装置,其中介绍了催化剂的使用、实验装置的选取及操作条件的采用,指出了研究中存在的问题,最后对生物质制氢技术进行了展望。     

Simulation of Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Models for hydrolysis, fermentation and concentration process, production and utilization of biogas as well as lignin gasification are developed to calculate the heat demand of ethanol production process and the amounts of heat and power generated from residues and wastewater of the process. For the energy analysis, all relevant information about the process streams, physical properties, and mass and energy balances are considered. Energy integration is investigated for establishing a network of facilities for heat and power generation from wastewater and residues treatment aiming at the increase of energy efficiency. Feeding the lignin to an IGCC process, the electric efficiency is increased by 4.4% compared with combustion, which leads to an overall energy efficiency of 53.8%. A detailed sensitivity analysis on energy efficiency is also carried out.     

An Experimental Investigation of Hydrogen Production from Biomass

In gaseous products of biomass steam gasification, there exist a lot of CO, CH4 and other hydrocarbons that can be converted to hydrogen through steam reforming reactions. There exists potential hydrogen production from the raw gas of biomass steam gasification. In the present work, the characteristics of hydrogen production from biomass steam gasification were investigated in a small-scale fluidized bed. In these experiments, the gasifying agent (air) was supplied into the reactor from the bottom of the reactor and the steam was added into the reactor above biomass feeding location. The effects of reaction temperature, steam to biomass ratio, equivalence ratio (ER) and biomass particle size on hydrogen yield and hydrogen yield potential were investigated. The experimental results showed that higher reactor temperature, proper ER, proper steam to biomass ratio and smaller biomass particle size will contribute to more hydrogen and potential hydrogen yield.     

从生物量生产丙烯酸的研究和开发进展

1 INTRODUCTION Energy resources are divided into two categories: renewable and non-renewable. The fossil energy re- sources, such as petroleum, coal, natural gas and nu- clear energy, are non-renewable, whereas solar energy, hydraulic energy, wind power as well as biomass, etc., are renewable. Nowadays, worldwide efforts to reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions and to overcome the shortage and sharp price rise of fossil energy resources, especially petroleum, simultaneously trigger research on…     

糖基生物质生产食品化工产品的研究进展

综述了近年来几种食品生物质化工产品的广泛应用,阐述了其应用的可行性和巨大的市场潜力,指出了食品化工产品存在的技术问题。进一步阐述了今后的研究方向是糖基食品物质化工产品,以及改进方法。随着生产技术和化学资源的日益缺乏,以糖基为基础的生物质、食品和化工产品的前景将越来越好。生物质食品化工产品具有许多优点,如能有效、合理地利用农业副产品,减少污染等。合理利用糖基生物质生产食品化工产品可以产生非常大的经济效益。     

Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon from Okara and Application as Electrocatalyst Support

Carbon materials derived from biomass are economical and simple. Here, a okara‐derived carbon (ODC) was prepared by carbonized cheap and abundant okara at 800 °C in N₂ atmosphere. A high degree of graphitization, mesoporous structure and large specific surface area of ODC were proved by Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope. The ODC can be used as support of platinum nanoparticles, and the catalytic performance for methanol electro‐oxidation of its was measured by cyclic voltammetry and CO stripping voltammetry. The results showed that Pt/ODC catalyst had higher electrocatalytic activity and the resistance to poisoning ability toward methanol electrooxidation than the Pt/C catalyst prepared under the same conditions.     

生物质热化学法制氢技术的研究进展

介绍木质生物质热化学法生产氢气的四条主要技术路线,分别是生物质气化制氢、生物质热解油制氢、生物质超临界水气化制氢、源于生物质的小分子有机物催化重整制氢方法,着重从化学反应机理、热力学模拟、催化剂种类、工艺开发、工业化进展等方面总结生物质热化学制氢技术的最新研究进展,分析了各类小分子制氢的热力学规律,并指出工业化过程存在...     

Evonik to Expand TAA Derivatives Production in China

<正> Evonik Industries plans to expand triacetonamine derivatives (TAAderivatives) production in China as the demand for TAA derivatives haskept rising for several years.The global leading specialty chemicals suppliersaid August 16th.Currently, Evonik produces the derivatives in a joint venture EvonikTianda (Liaoyang) Chemical Additive Co., Ltd.at the Liaoyang site, inLiaoning province, northeastern China.The existing production capacitiesare to be moved within the Liaoyang region to the Aromatic Site (LAS), oneof the country's largest petrochemical sites, and will also be significantlyincreased.The foundations for the new plant will be laid as early as thisyear.Full production is scheduled to commence in the fourth quarter of2011.Apart from the plant in Liaoyang, Evonik has further production capacitiesat Marl Chemical Park in Germany.     

介孔炭的合成及应用研究进展

综述了介孔炭的合成方法及介孔炭的应用,重点介绍了模板合成法,包括无机模板法,中孔分子筛模板法和有机模板法,指出有机模板法工艺简单,发展前景可观。介孔炭具有很广泛的用途,其中,作为催化剂载体的研究应该得到充分重视,同时介孔碳在储氢、储能材料方面的应用可能成为未来的研究热点。     

CTAB含量对介孔空心微球结构的影响

介孔空心微球具有大的空心腔体和壳体上小的介孔结构,使得介孔空心微球结构材料作为一种新型功能材料有着广阔的应用前景。本文使用喷雾干燥法合成介孔空心微球,以CTAB作为致孔剂,TEOS作为硅源,系统研究了不同CTAB含量下产物的结构,发现n（CTAB）/n（TEOS）=0.2时,产物颗粒具有较好的空心结构,颗粒外壳上的介孔有序度高,当n（CTAB）/n（TEOS）的值增加时,产物中的空心颗粒含量减小,而且壳上的介孔的有序度下降,介孔孔壁厚度也减小。