添加燕麦麸皮对挂面品质特性的影响

为了了解燕麦麸皮对挂面品质特性的影响,在面粉中分别添加0、5%、10%、20%、30%燕麦麸皮,并对挂面的蒸煮品质、质构特性和感官品质进行了测定。结果显示:添加燕麦麸皮显著增大了挂面的蒸煮损失、吸水率和混汤吸光值(p<0.05),改善了面条的断条率(p<0.05);随着燕麦麸皮添加量的增加,挂面的硬度、咀嚼性显著增大(p<0.05),而粘性和弹性呈下降趋势,挂面的感官品质变差。燕麦麸皮的添加量为20%时,挂面的综合品质最好。因此,燕麦麸皮的添加,改变了挂面的蒸煮品质、质构特性和感官品质。      

加压煮制对干面条煮制品质的影响

加压煮制能够改善干面条煮制品质,但其作用机理还不清楚。研究以小麦和燕麦干面条为实验材料,探究不同的煮制压力对其品质的影响机制。随着煮制压力的增加（常压+0 kPa-常压+60 kPa）,小麦干面条的吸水率增加了55.71%,吸收的水分均以自由水（T23）为主。加压煮制通过快速吸水改善了小麦干面条的感官与质构特性,煮后面条蛋白网络连接点密度降低、蛋白平均长度降低,末端点率、孔隙度和内部糊化程度增加。随着燕麦粉添加量（0%-40%）的增加,燕麦干面条适口性变差;燕麦添加量相同时,加压煮制（常压+60 kPa）比常压煮制T23含量提高了11%;蛋白网络连接点密度增加、孔隙度减小,感官和质构特性得到改善;加压煮制燕麦添加量为30%时干面条品质与常压下燕麦添加量为10%干面条相当。综上,加压煮制可以改善小麦和燕麦干面条的吸水率,提高了煮面效率,改善了干面条煮制品质。     

Influence of isolated flaxseed mucilage as a non‐starch polysaccharide on noodle quality

Physicochemical, cooking quality and sensory characteristics of noodles enriched by extracted flaxseed mucilage were evaluated. Noodles were prepared with replacement wheat flour with different mucilage concentrations and drying at different temperatures. Generally, physicochemical and noodle quality characteristics improved with adding flaxseed mucilage compared to control sample. The correlation between optimum cooking time with mucilage concentrations and drying temperatures established by nonlinear regression. The obtained data of cooking yield, swelling index, cooking loss and nitrogen loss were analysed using the two‐dimension response surface method. The mucilage concentration of 3% and drying temperature ranging between 68.2 and 70 °C were the best condition to prepare the noodle with high cooking quality compared to the control sample. The received scores from sensory evaluation showed that replacement of wheat flour by flaxseed mucilage improved the texture and overall acceptability of prepared noodle.     

预糊化处理对高含量燕麦挂面品质的影响

为研究燕麦预糊化处理对高含量燕麦挂面品质的影响,本文采用蒸制、挤压膨化和滚筒干燥对燕麦进行预糊化处理,分析不同类型与添加量的预糊化燕麦粉对混合粉(燕麦粉总量为70%)糊化特性及挂面力学特性、蒸煮品质和煮后面条质构特性的影响。结果表明,随着预糊化粉添加量升高,混合粉的室温粘度增大;混合粉的热粘度与蒸制燕麦粉(SOF)添加量成正相关,与挤压预糊化粉(EOF)和滚筒预糊化粉(DOF)添加量成负相关。SOF添加量为70%时,燕麦挂面品质最好;而EOF和DOF添加量为8.75%时,挂面品质最好。相比之下,前者的弹性模量、断裂应力、断裂位移、咀嚼性更大,黏附性、蒸煮损失率更小。综上,添加预糊化粉可以改善挂面品质,采用SOF制备的燕麦挂面品质最佳。     

Effect of pre-gelatinised high-amylose maize starch combined with Ca2+ -induced setting of alginate on the physicochemical and sensory properties of rice flour noodles

This study explored the effect of pre-gelatinised high-amylose maize starch combined with Ca²⁺ -induced setting of alginate on the physicochemical and sensory properties of rice flour noodles. Rice flour noodles were prepared by partially substituting rice flour with pre-gelatinised high-amylose maize starch in ratios of 5, 10 and 15% (wt/wt), combined with sodium alginate at 1% (wt/wt). The noodles were then immersed in a calcium chloride solution to set the alginate. Results indicated that the hydrocolloids significantly (P < 0.05) increased noodle tensile strength, hardness, water absorption and optimum cooking time while cooking loss was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. SEM micrographs showed a denser, compact noodle structure with an increase in the matrix's continuity as a result of hydrocolloids addition. Formulated noodles also scored above average (5.91) sensory acceptability on the 7 points hedonic scale. Overall, results proved promising for the preparation of rice flour noodles with enhanced properties.     

Effect of Incorporating Taro (Colocasia esculenta), Rice (Oryza sativa), and Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Flour Blends on Noodle Properties

Noodles were produced by blending varying proportions (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% levels) of taro flour with remaining equal proportions of rice and pigeon pea flour, which were evaluated for anti-nutritional, cooking, textural, and sensory properties and possible correlations between various noodles' properties were established using principal component analysis. Anti-nutritional evaluation of noodles revealed a decrease in phytic acid content, as the percentage of taro flour in the noodles increased. Pasting properties of the blends were also measured, which differed significantly (P < 0.05). Taro flour addition produced noodles with decreased gumminess, adhesiveness, b* value, and increased a* value as compared to the control sample (100% wheat flour). Significant correlations among various noodle properties were established using principal component analysis. Texture and color can be adopted as distinguished parameters for analyzing the noodle samples using a principal component analysis loading plot. Noodles containing 50% taro flour, with remaining equal proportions of rice and pigeon pea flour, resulted in the highest scores for color, taste, firmness, and overall acceptability.     

QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN NOODLES CONTAINING GELATINIZED STARCH, TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND GUM

ABSTRACT

Effects of gelatinized corn flour addition level (40, 60 and 80%), gum (locust bean gum or xanthan gum, 3%) and/or transglutaminase (TG, 0.5%) on quality characteristics of corn noodle were investigated. Gelatinized corn flour was used as a binder for remaining untreated corn flour (60, 40 and 20%). Corn noodles were evaluated in terms of cooking properties (cooking loss, total organic matter (TOM), water absorption, swelling volume and maximum force), color, sensory and pasting properties. Noodle sample containing gelatinized corn flour at level of 80% exhibited best cooking and sensory properties. Gum and/or TG were added to this noodle formula. Gum improved noodle quality in terms of some cooking properties. Improving effect of xanthan gum was more obvious. Covalent crosslinks catalyzed by TG caused significantly lower cooking loss and TOM values. Gums generally caused increases in Rapid ViscoAnalyzer viscosity values of noodles. Gum and/or TG show great promise in processing of gluten‐free corn noodle.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Celiac disease occurs in about one in 300 people in Europe. Lack of gluten in cereals that are safe for gluten‐free food causes major problems in dough processing and product quality. Technological difficulties in production and lack of awareness of number of celiac patients in need of gluten‐free products might restrict researches related to gluten‐free food. In recent years, various approaches to overcome the technological problems are arising. Searching for ingredients that have ability to mimic properties of gluten in production of gluten‐free food is the most common approach. We report herein beneficial effects of gelatinization, gum (locust bean gum, xanthan gum) and/or transglutaminase (TG) in gluten‐free corn noodle production. They have major improving effects in noodle quality and show great promise as a processing aid in bulk manufacture of gluten‐free corn noodle. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating utilization of TG in gluten‐free corn noodles.     

不同多糖对发酵空心挂面品质的影响

酵母发酵空心挂面是一种新型的工业化挂面产品,具有营养丰富、风味独特等特点,但尚存在干挂面韧性差和易断条、熟面条弹性不足等问题亟待解决。该文研究了瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、魔芋粉5种常用多糖对发酵空心挂面微观结构、力学性质、蒸煮特性、质构品质和感官品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,单独添加0.1%瓜尔胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠和魔芋粉时,挂面的蒸煮损失率从6.5%分别降低到5.8%、5.7%、5.3%和5.9%;添加0.5%黄原胶时,干挂面的面体更加致密,面条的最佳蒸煮时间增长了1.25 min,蒸煮损失减少了0.41%,干挂面的抗断裂强度和柔韧性、熟挂面的弹性、咀嚼性和拉断力分别提高了31.06%、49.79%、24.87%、61.62%和77.73%,此添加量下的面条的食用品质最佳,感官评价得分89分。5种多糖均显著改善了发酵空心挂面的柔韧性,及煮后挂面的弹性、咀嚼性和拉伸特性,其中黄原胶对发酵空心挂面的微观结构、力学性质、蒸煮特性、质构品质和感官品质改良效果较好。     

苦荞超微粉对苦荞小麦混合粉及其挂面品质的影响

将普通苦荞粉,苦荞超微粉A和B按照5%~30%的比例添加到小麦粉中,对苦荞小麦混合粉的面团粉质特性及其挂面的感官品质、蒸煮品质及质构特性进行了研究,结果表明:与普通粉相比,添加苦荞超微粉的混合粉面团的吸水率增加,面团形成时间和稳定时间缩短,弱化度值升高,粉质指数降低;添加苦荞超微粉提高了挂面的感官品质;添加量在15%以下时,添加苦荞普通粉制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,添加量在15%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,而添加量在5%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟的干物质损失率最低;苦荞粉超微处理增加了苦荞挂面的坚实度和剪切功,面条咀嚼性和韧性增强。小麦粉中添加20%苦荞超微粉A时制作的挂面韧性,口感良好。     

半干法磨粉中润米时间对鲜湿米粉的影响

为考察半干法磨粉过程中润米时间对大米粉粉质特性及鲜米粉质量的影响,本研究选用了不同润米时间条件下的大米原料进行半干法磨粉并制备鲜米粉。以可以实现半干法磨粉的24 h润米时间作为阳性对照,分析和比较不同润米时间的大米粉粒径分布、破损淀粉含量、糊化特性等粉质特性以及鲜米粉的蒸煮损失、感官评价等制品品质特性,以确定获得同样效果的最短润米时间。研究结果显示:润米6 h后进行半干法磨粉可以获得与24 h润米时间同样的大米粉粒度分布、破损淀粉含量、最高粘度和最低粘度等粘度特性。用此大米粉制备的鲜湿米粉产品,获得了理想的蒸煮损失率和可接受的感官评分值。以上结果表明,润米6 h是获得如润米24 h同样的大米粉及鲜湿米粉品质特征的理想润米时间。     

天然马铃薯、木薯和玉米淀粉添加对发酵挂面品质的影响

为解决市售发酵挂面存在爽滑性差、粘弹性差、蒸煮时间长的问题,本文以单因素实验的方法,研究了马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉和玉米淀粉对发酵挂面蒸煮特性、质构特性以及感官评价的影响.结果表明:添加天然薯类和谷物淀粉均可以改善发酵挂面的蒸煮及质构品质,提高感官评价得分,尤其能够缩短最佳蒸煮时间,同时结合质构和感官实验数据分析,添加10...     

马铃薯全粉对小麦粉及面条品质的影响

通过在小麦粉中添加不同比例的马铃薯全粉,测定其面筋特性、粉质特性、热特性及面条的蒸煮、质构特性和感官评价,并用扫描电镜观察面条微观结构,来探讨马铃薯全粉对小麦粉及面条品质的影响。结果表明:随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增大,混合粉湿面筋含量逐渐减少。面团的形成时间和稳定时间下降,稳定时间从5.1 min下降到0.8 min,弱化度增大。起始温度To、峰值温度TP变化不明显、终止温度TC呈上升趋势,热焓值H呈下降趋势,热焓值从257.56 J/g下降到179.46 J/g,面团的热稳定性下降。面条的干物质损失率、断条率逐渐增大。面条的硬度、弹性随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加而逐渐减小。扫描电镜观察结果显示,随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增大面条表面变得松散,面筋断裂,淀粉颗粒暴露在面筋网络结构之外。结果得到,当马铃薯全粉添加量在20%以下时,面条具有较好的品质。      

Development and optimization of fish‐fortified instant noodles using response surface methodology

Proper and sensible formulation of ingredients in noodles facilitates its calorie cut down thus making it healthier. Fish being a source of cheap and quality protein can serve in the fortification of noodles. Hence, a study was done to formulate and develop fish noodles from Nemipterus japonicus. D‐optimal mixture experimental design with 15 runs was formulated to optimise the different levels of ingredients for noodles. Influence of different ingredients, viz. fish mince, wheat and refined wheat flour (maida) and potato starch, on the physical, cooking and sensory properties of fish noodles was evaluated. The protein content of noodles increased with increase in the fish mince incorporation. Water absorption capacity (WAC) was found to be directly related to the potato starch concentration. Positive correlation was observed between noodle protein content and cooking time. Desirability function scores revealed a noodle combination of 45% fish mince, 47% wheat: maida (1:1) mix and 8% potato starch as optimum.     

紫菜粉对面条品质特性及微观结构的影响

为全面探究紫菜粉对面条品质的影响,将0~4%的紫菜粉加入面粉中制作鲜湿面,研究紫菜粉对混粉（小麦粉-紫菜粉）、面团和面条的加工特性和食用品质的影响。结果表明,在粉质特性和糊化特性方面,添加了紫菜的混合面粉弱化度减小51.38%,面团形成时间和稳定时间分别增大和降低了21.56%和48.97%,峰值粘度和谷值粘度分别降低了27.64%和21.96%。面团的弹性模量、损耗模量和正切值均与紫菜粉的添加比例成负相关。对宏观品质来说,紫菜粉赋予了面条独特的紫菜风味和绿色外观,在添加量为2%时感官得分最高;随紫菜粉添加量的增加,面条的硬度显著增加（P<0.05）、弹性和回复性显著降低（P<0.05）,蒸煮损失率和吸水率逐渐增加,紫菜用量为2%以内时,蒸煮损失率在优质面条的最大蒸煮损失率范围以内。傅里叶红外和低场核磁共振的结果分别表明,紫菜的添加增加了蛋白质二级结构中无规则卷曲的占比、缩短了结合水和不易流动水的弛豫时间,降低了面条的水分流动性。在微观结构方面,随紫菜粉添加量的增加,面片表面变暗、参差程度加剧,添加量超过2%时,面筋网络结构遭到明显破坏。总体来说,在不添加品质改善剂的情况下,紫菜粉在面条中的添加比例不宜超过2%。     

马铃薯全粉对面条品质影响的主成分分析研究

为了探讨马铃薯全粉对面条品质的影响,通过测定添加不同比例马铃薯全粉的面筋特性、蒸煮特性、质构特性和感官评价,并结合主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明:随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加,面条色泽呈暗红趋势变化,其面筋含量逐渐降低;面条的蒸煮特性、质构特性及感官品质呈现先增加后降低的趋势,说明适量添加马铃薯全粉可以在一定程度上提高面条的食用品质。应用主成分分析法对不同马铃薯全粉添加量的面条进行研究,确定了反映面条品质的3个主成分因子,3个主成分的累积贡献率达到88.35%。为进一步开发高含量马铃薯全粉面条提供数据支撑。     

小麦粉中蛋白质和淀粉含量对面条品质的影响

对小麦粉中的蛋白质和淀粉组分进行了分离,将淀粉含量不同的混合粉制作成面条,分析其质构特性和食用品质。将面条煮制后,对熟面条进行了质构分析,测定了熟面条的硬拉伸性能、剪切性能和蒸煮损失,并进行了感官品质评价。研究结果表明:随着小麦粉中的淀粉含量的增加(蛋白质含量的降低),面条的质构特性、拉伸性能、剪切性能都呈现显著下降的变化趋势(P<0.05),而面条的蒸煮损失显著增加(P<0.05)。此外,面条的感官评价与质构分析的结果相一致。     

蛋清粉对小麦粉及挂面品质的影响

通过在小麦粉中添加不同比例的蛋清粉,测定其糊化、粉质特性及挂面的蒸煮、质构特性和进行感官评价来探讨蛋清粉对小麦粉及挂面品质的影响。结果表明：随着蛋清粉添加量的增加,小麦粉的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度和崩解值逐渐增大,峰值时间呈现下降趋势而糊化温度无明显变化。面团吸水率随蛋清粉添加量的增加而明显减少,面团形成时间不随添加量的增加而显著变化,但明显低于对照组,当蛋清粉添加量为3%时,面团稳定时间最长,弱化度最低。挂面的吸水指数、最佳蒸煮时间随蛋清粉添加量的增加而显著增大,但蒸煮损失在添加量为3%时最少。挂面的折断力、拉断力和硬度随蛋清粉添加量的增加而增大。综合挂面蒸煮、质构特性与感官评价结果得出,当蛋清粉添加量接近3%时挂面综合品质最好。     

Physicochemical,rheological, and organoleptic characteristics of wheat‐fenugreek supplemented blends

The effect of blending of fenugreek (raw, soaked, and germinated) flour (Trigonella faenum graecum) from 5 to 20% in wheat flour on the rheological and sensory evaluation of bread, biscuit, noodle, and macroni was studied. Farinograph water absorption, dough development time, mixing tolerance index, and dough stability increased significantly with increased amount of fenugreek flour. Incorporation of fenugreek flour in wheat flour increased the protein and fat contents of blends but decreased the gluten contents. Among the supplemented blends, blends containing germinated fenugreek flour had higher protein contents (13.83–16.30%) up to 20%. Overall acceptability scores of bread, biscuit, noodles, and macroni were found highly acceptable up to 15, 10, and 20% levels, respectively.     

Thermomechanical Properties of Dough and Quality of Noodles Made from Wheat Flour Supplemented with Different Grades of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) Flour

Tartary buckwheat has attracted attention worldwide for its nutritional value. To examine the potential application of tartary buckwheat in oriental noodle production, different proportions of four grades of tartary buckwheat flour (TBF) were added to noodle dough. TBF is produced from the hulled tartary buckwheat by passing it through break rolls and a 120-mesh sieve of a complete buckwheat processing set four times to produce four grade fractions, A, B, C, and D. The thermomechanical properties of the dough as well as the quality of noodles made with different grades of TBF were assessed. The results indicate that protein, fiber, lipid, and ash contents increased while starch content decreased sequentially from fraction A to fraction D. The addition of TBF significantly decreased the water absorption and stability of the wheat dough. No significant differences were found in cooking loss or the tensile strength of cooked, formulated noodles between 10 and 20 % of fraction A and 10 % of fraction B. Additionally, TBF decreased the firmness of cooked noodles and gave the dry noodles a more yellow hue with low lightness. A sensory evaluation confirmed that the noodles containing fraction A or B in the above proportions showed no significant differences in acceptability when compared with the noodles prepared with only wheat flour. In conclusion, TBF fractions A and B could be used as a nutritional additive in oriental noodles.     

Correlations between objective quality parameters and Korean sensory perceptions of dry salted wheat noodles

Abstract

A range of objective quality parameters from 10 diverse Australian wheats were evaluated for their relationship with previously reported data on sensory evaluation by Korean consumers of white salted noodles made from the wheats. These parameters were protein content, Falling Number and hardness for the wheats, protein content, Amylograph peak height, swelling power and Minolta colour for the flours, colour and cooking time for the dry noodle, and Minolta colour and texture measured by cutting force for the cooked noodle. For colour, significant correlations with Korean consumer preference were an inverse relationship with cooked noodle L? value but a direct relationship with flour L? value, and an inverse relationship with flour b? value. There was also a significant negative correlation between Korean consumer preferences and cutting force. The results suggest that Korean consumers prefer noodles made from white flour and with soft texture when cooked. Contrary to current views, no significant correlations existed between sensory scores of Korean consumers and either Brabender viscosity and flour swelling power.