糖基化大孔壳聚糖微载体的制备及表征

利用液体石蜡作分散介质,戊二醛作交联剂,制备出粒径为300～500μm,孔径50～70μm,孔隙率86%的大孔壳聚糖微载体,并以乳糖对微载体进行了糖基化修饰,在优化条件下其接糖量可达到42.6mg/g载体.用原代大鼠肝细胞进行材料的细胞相容性研究,结果显示乳糖修饰的壳聚糖大孔微载体具有良好的细胞相容性.     

磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸载药微球的释放性能研究

对合成的壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸及磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球用扫描电镜进行形貌观察,并测定了磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球的热稳定性。以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模拟蛋白药物,研究了载有BSA的磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球的释放性能。结果表明,壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸共聚物外形呈片层状;而磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球为致密微球,粒径约在100～400 nm之间,具有较好的分散性,磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球在温度区间(0～135℃)内具有良好的热稳定性。载有BSA的磁性微球在模拟肠液中刚开始时有一个突释过程,之后缓慢释放,在6h左右达到了平衡,最终释放率可达到80．5%;而在模拟胃液中几乎没有释放,平衡释放率只有5．8%。     

微囊化壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原/聚乳酸复合材料

以多聚磷酸钠(TPP)为交联剂,采用乳化交联法制备了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)壳聚糖控释微球(CMs)。将微球与纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原(nHAC)、聚乳酸(PLA)按不同比例混合,采用热致分相法制备了CMs/nHAC/PLA复合支架材料。利用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、压汞仪和力学性能测试仪考察了微球与复合支架的性能。结果表明：所制备的壳聚糖微球形态良好,呈规则球形,粒径主要分布在20～50μm;随 BSA 初始用量的增加,微球的载药量从0.78%增大到2.74%,但包封率从86.9%下降到78.4%;控制CMs用量不超过PLA 质量的30%,则可保证微球在CMs/nHAC/PLA中的均匀分布,此时复合材料的孔径主要分布在100～200μm,孔隙率不低于83.1%,压缩强度在1～2 MPa。这种复合支架材料可望作为人体非承重部位的植入骨修复体和组织工程支架使用。     

磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸载药微球的释放性能研究

对合成的壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸及磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球用扫描电镜进行形貌观察,并测定了磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球的热稳定性.以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模拟蛋白药物,研究了载有BSA的磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球的释放性能.结果表明,壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸共聚物外形呈片层状;而磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球为致密微球,粒径约在100～400nm之间,具有较好的分散性,磁性壳聚糖-聚丙烯酸微球在温度区间(0～135℃)内具有良好的热稳定性.载有BSA的磁性微球在模拟肠液中刚开始时有一个突释过程,之后缓慢释放,在6h左右达到了平衡,最终释放率可达到80.5%;而在模拟胃液中几乎没有释放,平衡释放率只有5.8%.     

热致相分离法制备聚甲醛多孔微球

以聚甲醛(POM)为聚合物,六氟异丙醇为溶剂,通过热致相分离法制备POM多孔微球。研究淬火温度、淬火时间和聚合物浓度等因素对形成POM多孔微球形貌的影响。结果表明:淬火温度为15℃和10℃得到直径为4.3~7.2μm不均一、不规整微球。淬火温度降低到5℃和0℃,得到直径为6.3~11.0μm规整均一微球。随着淬火时间延长,微球越均一规整。低浓度(质量含量2%)有利于形成叶片状,而高浓度(质量含量4%~5%)主要形成多孔微球。POM多孔微球比表面积和孔隙率分别为6.7m2/g和95.9%。     

微球状骨修复材料研究

结合自体碎骨修复和组织工程的原理，在微球材料表面黏附足够的成骨细胞后，植入体内进行骨修复，是骨修复方法中的新思路。选择壳聚糖/β-TCP复合微球以及β-TCP微球作为材料体系。首先采用反相乳液悬浮法制备壳聚糖/β-TCP复合微球，再经过脱脂-烧结工艺获得仅含有B-TCP的无机微球。粒度分析发现，获得的微球球径主要分布在150-450μm范围内，平均球径约300μm。XRD结果显示烧结后的微球中仅有β-TCP相.SEM观察和压汞法测量发现，经烧结后微球表面无尖锐的棱角存在，表面与内部存在大量1．5～5μm的孔隙，孔隙率达到48％以上。复合微球中孔隙较少，其表面较粗糙。细胞培养实验发现细胞在两种微球表面均生长良好，表明它们均具有良好的生物活性和细胞相容性。     

载微球纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合多孔支架的制备与表征

首先通过乳化法合成海藻酸钠/壳聚糖(ALG/CS)复合微球,然后将其与纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖H(n-HA/CS)复合材料混合均匀,用气体发泡法制备了载微球复合组织工程支架.并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(IR)以及转靶X射线仪(XRD)等方法对该载微球多孔支架进行分析和表征.结果表明:n-HA/CS复合材料中无机相均匀分散在连续有机基质中,复合前后两组分均未发生明显变化;制备的载微球多孔支架中孔隙分布均匀,孔间贯通性良好,孔隙率较高;而其中的微球均呈球状,直径分布在150～350μm之间;微球表面粗糙且有大量微孔,载药后将利于药物的释放;微球在整个支架中分布均匀,而且与n-HA/CS基体材料间亲和性较高.本研究将为骨或软骨缺损提供一种性能优良且具有药物缓释功能的组织工程支架.     

多孔高分子微球的制备研究

以苯乙烯、二乙烯苯为单体,引入混合溶剂作为致孔剂,采用悬浮聚合的方法制备了多孔交联聚苯乙烯微球,并通过有机萃取等方法带出致孔剂,形成永久性大孔.分析了搅拌速度、分散剂用量、致孔剂等因素对微球粒径分布和孔比表面积的影响,研究了不同工艺条件下的微球形态.结果表明,转速在180r/min左右,分散剂质量分数在0.15%左右时,可以制得粒径范围为0.2～0.8mm的聚苯乙烯微球,且微球具有良好的粒径分布.采用石蜡/甲苯、石蜡/乙酸乙酯为致孔剂时,可以形成纳米级小孔,且当石蜡/甲苯用量为86%时,孔比表面积可达到33.07m2/g,并随着交联剂用量的增加而增大.     

乳化交联法制备壳聚糖微球粘连原因分析

乳化交联法是制备壳聚糖微球常用的工艺，但在制备过程中，常出现微球产物粘连的现象。分析了搅拌速度、油水体积比、表面活性剂添加量和交联剂用量等影响微球粘连的因素，优化出了分散性好，粒度均匀的壳聚糖微球制备工艺参数。结果表明，搅拌速度〉350r／min，油水体积比〉2．5，表面活性剂span80用量为水相的20％时，可获得分散性好的壳聚糖微球，微球的粒径可以控制在1～5μm之间。     

混合表面活性剂法制备介孔SiO2微球及其Semi-batch法生长

以TEOS为原料，以表面活性剂CTAB与十二胺的混合物为模板剂，以C2H5OH，C3H7OH和H2O为共溶剂，在弱碱性条件下制备出单分散SiO2介孔微球．通过调变模板剂用量以及共溶剂的比例，所得微球粒径在0．2-1．5μm范围内可调节．并采用semi—batch（半间歇加料）方法进一步生长微球，使其粒径增大到3μm．此类微球具有3nm的平均孔径和较高的比表面积，有望作为高效液相色谱（HPLC）的固定相而得到广泛应用．在以上实验的基础上，本文进一步讨论了SiO2微球生长过程中的若干理论问题．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.