制备工艺对BNBT陶瓷介电性能的影响

BNT(BaO-Nd2O3-TiO2)系统陶瓷是一种介电性能优良的陶瓷材料.在BNT中添加一定量的Bi2O3,可以得到介电性能更优的BNBT(BaO-Nd2O3-Bi2O3 -TiO2)陶瓷.该文分别研究了球磨时间、烧结温度和保温时间对BNBT陶瓷介电性能的影响.结果表明:当球磨时间为10 h、烧结温度为1160 ℃、保温时间为9 h时,BNBT陶瓷的介电性能为:介电常数ε=99.8281,介电损耗tanδ=2.65×10-4,介电常数温度系数αε≤±30 ppm/℃.     

BaCu（B2O5）助烧剂对CaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2微波介质陶瓷介电性能的影响

16CaO-9Li2O-12Sm2O3-63TiO2(CLST)陶瓷的烧结温度接近1 300℃,添加BaCu(B2O5)(BCB)陶瓷粉体使CLST陶瓷的烧结温度降至1050℃.随着烧结温度的升高,样品的体积密度先升高而后趋于稳定,添加质量分数为4?B的CLST陶瓷在1 050℃烧结后得到96%的相对密度.相对介电常数(εr)随着BCB添加量的增大先增大后略有减小.由于液相的存在,介电损耗(tanoδ随着BCB添加量的增大而增大.谐振频率温度系数(tf)与纯CLST陶瓷相比更加近零.添加质量分数为4?B的CLST陶瓷在1 050℃烧结2h后得到良好的介电性能:εr=81,tanδ=0.021,tf=0.5×10-6/℃(1MHz).     

制备工艺对铌锑-锆钛酸铅系压电陶瓷性能的影响

由Nb5+,Sb3+置换锆钛酸铅的B位离子,制备了用作大功率水声换能器材料的铌锑-锆钛酸铅系压电陶瓷.采用固相法合成了0.02Pb(Sb1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.98PbZr1-xTixO3(x=0.44～0.49)粉体.通过X射线衍射及扫描电镜分析.研究了不同锆钛比和烧结温度对陶瓷的相组成、显微结构和介电、压电性能的影响.结果表明:当合成温度为900℃时,获得的粉体的主晶相为钙钛矿结构.当Zr/Ti摩尔比为51/47,烧结温度为1230℃时,各项性能达到最佳值,介电常数ε T 32/ε0为1945,介电损耗tanδ为0.019,压电常数d33为425pC/N,机电耦合系数Kp为0.65,Curie温度θc为352℃.铌锑-锆钛酸铅系压电陶瓷的烧结温度范围宽,具有较强的工艺操作性且θc高.     

氮化铝-氮化硼复合陶瓷的制备和性能

在N2气下1 750～1 900 ℃热压烧结3 h制备了氮化铝-氮化硼(AlN-BN)复合陶瓷.加入3%(质量分数)CaF2作烧结助剂,研究了烧结工艺制度和烧结助剂对致密化规律、力学性能、介电性能及热学性能的影响.氟化钙(CaF2)的引入有利于净化晶界,优化材料的综合性能.在1 850 ℃下热压烧结,可获得相对体积密度为98.53%和最高热导率(λ)值为110 W/(m·K)的AlN-BN复合陶瓷,样品的相对介电常数(εr)在7.50～7.63之间,介电损耗(tanδ)最小为6.36×10-4,介电常数随烧结温度增加而减少.     

ZnSO_4溶液包覆Ca_(0.6)La_(0.8/3)TiO_3-Li_(0.5)Nd_(0.5)TiO_3微波介电陶瓷的研究

采用固相合成Ca_(0.6)La_(0.8/3)TiO_3-Li_(0.5)Nd_(0.5)TiO_3(CLT-LNT)微波介质陶瓷基体粉体,以ZnSO_4溶液为先驱体引入ZnO来降低该陶瓷的烧结温度,这种液相引入助烧剂的方法不仅减少了烧结助剂的用量,而且改善了陶瓷材料的介电性能。研究表明:掺入ZnO的CLT-LNT陶瓷在980℃烧结时的介电常数(ε_r)和介电损耗(tanδ)随着ZnSO_4溶液浓度的增大先增大后略有减小。当ZnSO_4溶液的浓度为0.32 mol/L时,CLT-LNT陶瓷在980℃烧结3 h获得较好的介电性能:ε_r=102,tanδ=0.0027,τ_f=-3×10~(-6)/℃。     

添加Sb_2O_5,ZnO和玻璃对(Zr_(0.7)Sn_(0.3))Ti_4陶瓷高频介电性能的影响

用氧化物混合方法制备了主晶相为 (Zr0 .7Sn0 .3)TiO4的高频陶瓷材料。添加Sb2 O5,ZnO和玻璃有效降低了陶瓷的烧成温度和介质损耗。添加 0 .5 %Sb2 O5(摩尔分数 ) ,1.5 %ZnO(质量分数 )和 3.0 %玻璃 (质量分数 )的陶瓷组成在 115 0℃烧结 ,在测试频率 1MHz下的介电性能为 :介电常数ε≈ 38,损耗角正切tanδ=0 .6× 10 - 4 ,介电常数温度系数αε=0± 30× 10 - 6 /℃ ,体电阻率 ρv≥ 10 1 3Ω·cm。用此种陶瓷材料可在中温烧结制成多层陶瓷电容器 (multilayerceramiccapacitor,MLCC)     

机械球磨时间对液相烧结Ba2Ti3Nb4O18陶瓷材料结构和性能的影响

Ba2Ti3Nb4O18是BaO-TiO2-Nb2O5体系中一种新型的介质材料,具有优良的微波介电性能.为满足低温共烧陶瓷技术(low temperature cofired ceramics,LTCC)对微波介质陶瓷材料的低温烧结要求,实现在900℃与银电极共烧,添加了质量分数为5%的ZnO-B2O3玻璃作助融剂,并研究了机械球磨时间对粉料粒径、陶瓷样品的烧结密度、显微结构和介电性能的影响.机械球磨6h的粉体粒径适中(约90nm),用该粉料制备的陶瓷样品可以在900℃致密烧结(大于理论密度的95%).且高频介电性能为(1MHz下测试):介电常数εt≈36,介电损耗tanδ≈2× 10-4,电容温度系数αc≈2.5×10-6/℃.同时微波介电性能良好:εt=33.3,品质因数和频率的乘积Qf=14274GHz.可与银电极共烧结作为LTCC介质瓷料.     

含Pt金属芯压电陶瓷纤维的微观结构和电学性能

以传统固相法制备的0．55Pb（Ni1/3Nb2／3）O3-0．45Pb（Zr0.3Ti0.7）03（PNN-PZT）压电陶瓷粉体为原料,采用挤压成型工艺制备含Pt金属芯压电陶瓷纤维。以PbTi03作为保护粉体,对纤维坯体进行1200℃不同时间（0．5、1．0h和2．0h）的烧结处理。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、阻抗分析仪和铁电分析仪等研究了烧结时间对纤维微观结构、压电性能和铁电性能的影响。结果表明：在烧结时间范围内制备的压电陶瓷纤维为单一钙钛矿结构,未发现焦绿石相或其他杂相;随烧结时间增加,陶瓷纤维晶粒尺寸增大,压电和铁电性能明显提高。在1200℃保温2．0h制备的压电陶瓷纤维电学性能较好,压电常数（西1）、相对介电常数（曲、介电损耗（tanδ）和矫顽场（＆）分别为-145pC／N、3313、2．6％和0．27kV／mm。介电温谱结果表明：该陶瓷纤维的特征Curie温度为125℃,峰值相对介电常数为8093。     

Al_2O_3对硼硅酸铅钙系玻璃性能的影响

用熔融法制备CaO-PbO-B2O3-SiO2系玻璃,以低温共烧法制备玻璃烧结体,研究不同Al2O3含量和烧成温度对玻璃的烧结性能和电性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al2O3含量的增加,玻璃的玻璃化转变温度升高,介电常数增加,介电损耗增加;X线衍射分析(XRD)显示G1玻璃在800℃析出CaSiO3和β-SiO2;G1玻璃于725℃保温30 min烧结,于10 MHz测试,介电常数(εr)=6.1,介电损耗(tanδ)=5.9×10-4;该玻璃有较低的玻璃化转变温度(tg=697.1℃)、较差的析晶能力、较低的介电损耗,适合作为低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)的玻璃料使用。     

CuO和V2O5掺杂对ZnNb2O6陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用传统的固相反应法制备了CuO和V2O5掺杂的ZnNb2O6介质陶瓷.通过X射线衍射,扫描电镜以及电感-电容-电阻测试仪等测试手段对其烧结特性,晶体结构,微观形貌和介电性能进行研究.结果表明:CuO和V2O5掺杂能降低ZnNb2O6陶瓷的烧结温度,影响相结构,改变微观形貌并优化介电性能.掺杂质量分数为0.25%CuO和0.25%V2O5的ZnNb2O6陶瓷样品在1 025℃烧结后,在100 MHz下具有较好的综合介电性能:介电常数εr=35,介电损耗tanδ=0.000 21,频率温度系数τf=-44.41×10-6/℃.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。