水基切削液废液处理的研究进展

水基切削液废液属于含油废水,有机物浓度高,表面活性剂、防腐剂等添加物质不易降解,如果处理不当,将会严重威胁水体安全。介绍了水基切削液废液目前主要采用的处理技术。指出开发生物菌剂将是提高处理效率,消除有毒有害物质对水体污染隐患的有效手段。     

环保型水基金属切削液

项目简介： 环保型水基金属加工切削液是一种以水为介质，透明性好的，非油性的高效润滑冷却液。它是由防锈剂、抗磨剂、防腐剂和多种表面活性剂复配而成。具有优良的冷却、润滑、清洗和防锈能力，能延长刀具和砂轮的使用寿命，提高工件表面光洁度和工作效率，可代替传统的皂化油和矿物油乳化液。     

水基切削液杀菌剂的合成及杀菌性能研究

切削液是金属切削加工的重要配套材料,具有冷却、润滑、清洗和防锈等几方面的功能,一般是以液体的形式加到切削形成区,用来改善切削条件。随着新型机械的不断涌现,“低能耗、低成本、低公害”的要求日渐严格,金属切削液正迅速由油基液向水基液过渡周。但是水基切削液在使用过程中,其中所含的可生物降解成分如脂肪酸等很容易腐败变质。一般导致切削液腐败变质的微生物有好氧性和厌氧性两类菌,厌氧菌能还原硫酸盐,放出硫化氢气体,产生恶臭;     

复合杀菌剂对水基切削液抗菌性能影响的研究

根据ASTM D3946-92方法,采用实验室通气装置模拟现场使用条件,考察了硼酸铵A、三嗪类B和低毒酚C三种杀菌剂及其复配组合对水基切削液抗菌性能的影响。结果表明,单一杀菌剂难以对真菌和细菌同时起到很好的抑制作用,而复合杀菌剂可以对细菌和真菌同时起到抑制作用,其中5%硼酸铵A和1%低毒酚C复合时即具有显著的抗细菌和抗真菌性能,可明显延长水基切削液的使用寿命。     

HW-5型高水基金属加工合成切削液的研制

报道了HW-5型高水基金属加工化学合成切削液的成分选择与优化方法,指出该透明切削液是一种非油性高效润滑冷却液。它是由防锈剂、抗磨剂、防腐剂和多种表面活性剂复配而成,具有优良的冷却润滑和清洗防锈能力,能延长刀具和砂轮的使用寿命,提高工件表面光洁度和工作效率,可代替传统的皂化油和乳化液。其各项性能符合国家标准GB 6144—85所规定的合成切削液的标准,适用于各类机械加工,特别是磨床的磨削加工。     

PbO_2/Ti电极电催化氧化处理水基切削液废水

高分子难降解有机物废水的处理已经成为重要难题,水基切削液废水就属于这类废水中的一种.对PbO2/Ti电极的制备进行了详细介绍,并通过中试预处理水基切削液废水出水的电催化氧化小试实验发现:采用PbO2/Ti电极,在电流密度为8 mA/cm2条件下,电催化氧化预处理水基切削液废水的效果最佳.在此电流密度下反应5 h后,出水COD下降到37.1 mgL,色度下降到10倍,出水各项指标达到国家<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准.     

肥皂霜的成分分析及成因研计

采用红外光谱、气相色谱，X－射线能谱、原子吸收光谱、紫外分光光度法及化学法分析了肥皂霜中脂肪酸盐、硅、磷、碳酸盐等成分。其结果如下：RCOONa:94.82%；SiO2:2.43%;PO4^3-:0.40%;Na2CO3:1.08%、水份及挥发物余量，依据测试结果，对肥皂冒霜的原因进行了探讨。     

聚酯型胶粘剂的成分分析

高温碱性条件下,利用化学降解方法将高分子化合物分离成小分子化合物。采用红外光谱分析和质谱法,对各组分傅立叶变换红外光谱和色谱/质谱联用的分析谱图进行解析,确定了胶粘剂中高聚物和助剂成分。结果表明,该胶粘剂是以聚酯型聚氨酯为黏合剂、炭黑为粉末填料的聚酯型胶粘剂。     

壳聚糖的结构分析

本文报告了壳聚糖的紫外、红外、核磁共振和Ｘ衍射等的测定结果。     

Preparation of water-soluble nanographite and its application in water-based cutting fluid

Water-soluble nanographite was prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization using methacrylate as polymeric monomer. The dispersion stability and dispersion state of graphite particles were evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The water-soluble nanographite was then added into the water-based cutting fluid as lubricant additive. The lubrication performance of water-based cutting fluid with the nanographite additive was studied on four-ball friction tester and surface tensiometer. Results indicate that the modification method of in situ emulsion polymerization realizes the uniform and stabilized dispersion of nanographite in aqueous environment. The optimal polymerization condition is 70°C (polymerization temperature) and 5 h (polymerization time). The addition of nanographite decreases the friction coefficient and wear scar diameter by 44% and 49%. Meanwhile, the maximum non-seizure load (P_B) increases from 784 to 883 N, and the value of surface tension (32.76 × 10⁻³ N/m) is at low level. Nanographite additive improves apparently the lubrication performance of water-based cutting fluid.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from fatty alcohols

Many 3-aminopropyl alkyl ethers were prepared and their characteristics as water-based cutting fluids were examined. 3-Aminopropyl octyl-, decyl- and dodecyl ethers showed good lubricities and antimicrobial properties for a water-based cutting fluid.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from half esters of dimer acids

A number of half esters were prepared from the reaction of alcohols with dimer acids and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with lower-alcohol half esters of dimer acid showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids.     

高温高密度水基钻井液体系流变性控制及机理研究

高温高密度钻井液流变性调控是高密度钻井液工艺存在的首要问题,本文通过添加多种抗高温处理剂而复配成几种不同配方,从中选出一种配方作进一步的性能评价试验。考察了老化温度及固相含量对钻井液流变性能的影响,研究了水基钻井液高温作用机理。试验表明,高密度钻井液的流变性受固相含量大小和温度的影响明显,对于高密度钻井液体系,黏土侵污量应控制在4%,钻屑侵污量应控制在5%以内。     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives made from the derivatives of some polymeric nonionic surface-active agents

A series of esters was prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with polymeric nonionic surface-active agents (copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide), and they were screened for antirust and other properties associated with water-based cutting fluids. An aqueous emulsion of an adduct of triethanolamine and the oleic acid ester of polymeric nonionic surface-active agent showed excellent antirust properties when used as a water-based cutting fluid. The emulsion of triethanolamine and the mono nonyl ether of the surface-active agent also showed antirust properties.     

Adducts of cyclic acid anhydrides and fatty amines as anti-rust additives in water-based cutting fluids

A variety ofN-alkyl carboxylic acid amides was prepared from the reaction of cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and various amines, and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. The triethanol amine salts of the adducts of maleic anhydride with octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine and oleylamine, and the one of phthalic anhydride with octylamine showed both good anti-rust and antimicrobial activity.     

水基钻井液中天然气水合物形成的研究进展

依据水基钻井液中天然气水合物生成的相关研究,结合理论与实践,介绍了一些钻井液处理剂对水合物生成的影响,重点概述了水基钻井液对天然气水合物生成的抑制效应,并简要说明了水合物抑制剂在钻井液中应用的相关研究。     

分级优化用于边值固定的化工动态优化问题

针对边值固定的化工动态优化问题, 提出了分级优化策略, 包括约束优先与目标优先两种方案, 它们的基本思想是将原问题转化为一系列的边值无约束问题, 采用目前成熟的优化算法加以集成即可实现. 对于控制变量受箱型约束的问题, 采用三角函数转换将其转化为控制无约束问题. 分级优化策略避免了罚函数策略的缺陷. 实例研究显示了分级优化策略能以足够的精度满足边值约束, 三角函数转换法是可行的.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the derivatives of ricinoleic acid polymers

A number of esters were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with ricinoleic acid polymers and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with decanoic acid, undecanoic acid and oleic acid esters of ricinoleic acid dimer, trimer, tetramer and hexamer showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids. Dehydrates of ricinoleic acid polymers also showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids.