纤维素/丝素复合膜的制备与性能

通过共混法制备了纤维素/丝素复合膜,复合膜的最佳配比为纤维素占共混膜的90%,丝素占10%。在此条件下形成的复合膜的力学性能、水溶液稳定性、水蒸汽透过系数较单一成分的膜有明显改善,纤维素与丝素之间存在着氢键等强烈的相互作用和良好的相容性。X射线衍射分析进一步验证了复合膜的结晶性能。     

纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜的制备及结构表征

通过氯化1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑离子液体([HeMIM]Cl)溶解微晶纤维素,并与壳聚糖的醋酸溶液混合的方法制备了质量比为2∶1的再生微晶纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析、扫描电镜和数码相机照片对复合材料的结构进行表征。IR结果表明再生微晶纤维素与壳聚糖分子之间存在着强烈的氢键作用,且二者相容性较好;XRD、TGA结果表明复合材料中纤维素和壳聚糖有较强的相互作用;SEM结果表明复合材料表面粗糙,比表面积较大,可以作为潜在的生物医用材料。     

纤维素／SiO2纳米复合膜的制备及表征

利用硅溶胶与粘胶溶液混合，通过凝固浴再生制备纤维素／SiO2纳米复合膜。通过红外（FT-IR）、透射电镜（TEM）研究了纳米SiO2与纤维素之间的作用及纤维素／SiO2膜的性能，并对残炭量进行了测量。结果表明SiO2在纤维素中分散均匀，且SiO2的加入提高了纤维素的结晶度和阻燃性。     

纤维素―铝酸锶复合膜的制备及表征

将微晶纤维素溶解于氯化1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Cl)离子液体中,加入铝酸锶荧光粉,然后流延成膜,制备得到了纤维素―铝酸锶复合膜。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析、扫描电镜和荧光发射光谱对复合膜进行了表征。结果表明,铝酸锶荧光粉在纤维素膜中分布均匀,铝酸锶荧光粉和纤维素之间存在着一定的相互作用,纤维素对荧光粉体发光影响较小。     

石墨/再生纤维素复合膜的制备及导电性表征

介绍了以定性滤纸为纤维素原料制作再生纤维素膜的工艺,制备了石墨/再生纤维素复合膜,并通过光学显微镜、SEM及数字四探针测试仪探究石墨添加量[10%(wt)、20%(wt)、30%(wt)]对复合膜的结构与导电性能的影响。结果表明:通过低温碱尿素体系溶解后再凝固的纤维素水凝胶经由40℃环境中预处理24 h后,再高温干燥可较好地保留膜形状,避免过度收缩或卷曲。随着石墨添加量的增加,粉体在基体中分布的均匀性呈现出由好变坏的趋势,样品的平均电阻率呈现出小幅度增加的趋势。认为以石墨粉作为导电功能体具有一定的效果,石墨量可控制在10%～20%以内,对普通纤维素材料的导电功能化有一定的参考价值。     

羟丙基纤维素/明胶复合膜的制备及性能表征

以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)作为羟丙基纤维素(HPC)和明胶(GEL)的交联剂,通过均相混合、交联、溶液浇铸、蒸发等工艺制备了一系列ECH交联的HPC/GEL复合膜(EHGF)。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TG)、接触角、力学性能等测试手段对EHGF复合膜的结构、微观形貌、热稳定性、耐水性及拉伸断裂强度进行表征和分析。结果表明:交联作用存在于HPC和GEL组分之间,各组分间具有好的相容性;与HPC/GEL共混膜相比,EHGF复合膜显示了更均匀致密的断面形貌和更高的热稳定性,且ECH的交联作用显著提高了HPC/GEL复合膜的水接触角和断裂强度。     

丝素蛋白复合膜材料及其应用研究进展

介绍了丝素蛋白与天然大分子、碳纳米材料、合成聚合物、纳米金属及金属氧化物等材料复合制备丝素蛋白复合膜的方法、性能,总结和分析了丝素蛋白复合膜在生物医药、光电领域和化工分离方面的应用。在此基础上,指出了未来丝素蛋白复合膜的进一步应用研究方向,除了继续在生物医药领域的应用之外,丝素蛋白复合膜材料在光电领域具有很大潜力,同时未来在化工分离领域也有很好的发展前景。     

功能性再生纤维素复合膜的制备及性能研究进展

纤维素是自然界中储量最大的天然高分子化合物,被认为是未来能源和化工的主要原料。然而,天然纤维素聚合度高、结晶度高的特性,使其难以溶于常规溶剂,极大限制了纤维素的应用。近年来,人们发现了多种新型纤维素溶剂体系,本文简要介绍了基于新型纤维素溶剂体系制备而来的再生纤维素膜以及一系列功能性再生纤维素基有机/无机复合膜材料。通过新型纤维素溶剂体系溶解再生得到的再生纤维素基复合膜在多孔性、热稳定性、强度等性能方面得到一定程度的改善,有望应用于包装、污水处理、传感器、生物医学等领域。本文基于再生纤维素膜及其复合膜材料的最新研究进展,对今后发展的热点方向进行了展望,旨在为纤维素溶解和功能性再生纤维素新材料的开发提供参考。     

纳米二氧化钛/丝素复合膜的制备及其光催化甲基橙的研究

制备了纳米二氧化钛/丝素复合膜,并用原子力显微镜、X射线能谱和红外光谱对复合膜进行了表征,以甲基橙为例,考察了复合膜的光催化行为。结果表明复合膜制备方法合理,当纳米二氧化钛与丝素质量比为0.1%时,其以粒径50nm左右均匀分散于复合膜中,复合膜与普通丝素膜仅存在细微的构象差异,复合膜表现出较优异的光催化性能,甲基橙降解率可达91%,符合Langmuir Himshelwood模型。     

醋酸纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜制备与性能优化

为拓展醋酸纤维素(CA)在可降解包装材料中的应用,采用溶液共混法制备了醋酸纤维素(CA)和壳聚糖(CS)复合膜,研究了CS含量对CA/CS二元复合膜性能的影响。通过观察并分析复合膜的形貌、断面结构、化学键发现,CS能够充分结合膜内外的孔隙结构,两者之间强烈的相互作用增强了复合膜的各项性能。性能测试结果表明,当CS含量为10%时,复合膜的力学性能达到最大,断裂伸长率及抗拉强度分别增加12.37%和38.62 MPa,降解损失率提高了50.14%。同时,抑制了大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,抗菌率最高能够达到73.9%和54.6%。因此,CS在提高CA膜的力学性能和降解性能的同时,还赋予了复合膜优异的抗菌性。     

Fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin/poly(ethylene glycol)/cellulose nanowhisker composite films

The flexible and transparent composite films were fabricated by a mixture of silk fibroin (SF), poly(ethylene glycol), and mulberry cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). The CNWs were uniformly dispersed in the matrix when its content was as high as 12 w/w%. The tensile properties of composite films generally depended on the nanowhisker content, but significantly improved when compared to the pure SF film. DMA analysis revealed that the alpha transition temperature increased gradually with the increase of nanowhisker content, probably due to the formation of interactions between the nanowhiskers and the SF molecular chains, leading to the mobility reduction of the amorphous SF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Preparation and characterization of dense cellulose film for membrane application

Regenerated cellulose films were prepared with environmentally friendly process by utilized N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO)‐Cellulose system. To prepare a dense cellulose film for membrane application, some parameter process which influence porous forming such as cellulose DP, cellulose concentration, addition NMMO in coagulation bath, coagulation bath temperature, and drying condition were investigated. We resumed that the porosity and pore size of cellulose membrane decrease with lower cellulose DP, higher cellulose concentration, addition of NMMO in coagulation bath, applying room temperature in coagulation bath and drying, and applying vacuum on drying process resulted in membranes with porosity in range of 24–41% and pore size 13.4–20.2 nm. The main factor for controlling porosity and pore size of dense cellulose membrane was coagulation process condition especially addition of NMMO into coagulation bath. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

耐溶剂聚酰亚胺/陶瓷复合膜的制备及性能表征

采用3,3',4,4'-二苯酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)、4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MDA)和4,4'-二氨基联苯(Bz)按一定比例共聚合成了一类新的共聚型聚酰亚胺(PI-BTDA/MDA/Bz),通过调整MDA和Bz的比例制备了4种具有不同化学结构的聚酰亚胺均质膜,测试了这些聚酰亚胺均质膜对水的接触角和在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶胀性。实验结果表明:BTDA、MDA、Bz的摩尔比为5:4:1时,所得的聚酰亚胺均质膜亲水性最好,且耐溶剂性能最优。以此比例的聚酰胺酸为铸膜液,0.2mm孔径的Al₂O₃陶瓷膜片为支撑体,制备了聚酰亚胺复合膜,并考察了进料温度和进料浓度对复合膜分离性能的影响。     

聚乳酸/丝素共混膜的制备及其性能

用分子量为10万的聚乳酸（PLLA）对丝素膜进行改性,研究不同的聚乳酸加入量对丝素膜性能的影响,对聚乳酸/丝素共混膜进行了一系列表征。万能电子试验机的测试结果表明,经聚乳酸改性后,丝素膜的断裂强度,断裂伸长率有了较大的改善,当加入聚乳酸占丝素质量为5%时,丝素膜的强度可达到27.1 MPa,伸长率达4.4%; 改性后的丝素膜的亲水性有一定程度降低,溶失率则明显减小,透汽透湿性也有所提高;红外光谱测试表明,改性后的丝素膜含有较多的β构象成分。     

Preparation and characterization of cellulose carbamate membrane with high strength and transparency

In this study, cellulose carbamate was synthesized from alkali cellulose and urea by a low-cost solid–liquid phase method. Cellulose carbamate was dissolved in cuprammonium solution to form a regenerated cellulose membrane with high strength and high transparency. The mass fraction of cellulose dissolved was greatly increased (up to 17%), and the thermal stability of cellulose was retained. The surface of the membrane is compact and there are regular microchannels in it. The factors influencing the transparency and mechanical properties of regenerated cellulose membrane were discussed by the range analysis of orthogonal experiment. The light transmittance is 95.50%, the breaking strength is 98.35 MPa, the elongation at break is 21.74%. The ability of heat preservation and moisture preservation of regenerated cellulose membrane was tested, and the effect was close to that of conventional polyethylene membrane. The membrane material has broad application prospects in packaging, food preservation, agriculture, and other fields.     

Preparation and characterization of biomimetic silk fibroin/chitosan composite nanofibers by electrospinning for osteoblasts culture

ABSTRACT: In this study, we have successfully fabricated electrospun bead-free silk fibroin [SF]/chitosan [CS] composite nanofibers [NFs] covering the whole range of CS content (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). SF/CS spinning solutions were prepared in a mixed solvent system of trifluoroacetic acid [TFA] and dichloromethane. The morphology of the NFs was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the average fiber diameter ranges from 215 to 478 nm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirms the uniform distribution of SF and CS within the composite NFs. To increase biocompatibility and preserve nanostructure when seeded with cells in culture medium, NFs were treated with an ethanol/ammonia aqueous solution to remove residual TFA and to change SF protein conformation. After the chemical treatment, SF/CS NFs could maintain the original structure for up to 54 days in culture medium. Properties of pristine and chemically treated SF/CS NFs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR], X-ray diffraction [XRD], and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry [TG/DSC]. Shift of absorption peaks in FT-IR spectra confirms the conformation change of SF from random coil to β-sheet by the action of ethanol, which is also consistent with the SF crystalline diffraction patterns measured by XRD. From TG/DSC analysis, the decomposition temperature peaks due to salt formation from TFA and protonated amines disappeared after chemical treatment, indicating complete removal of TFA by binding with ammonium ions during the treatment. This was also confirmed with the disappearance of F1s peak in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra and disappearance of TFA salt peaks in FT-IR spectra. The composite NFs could support the growth and osteogenic differentiation of human fetal osteoblastic [hFOB] cells, but each component in the composite NF shows distinct effect on cell behavior. SF promotes hFOB proliferation while CS enhances hFOB differentiation. The composite SF/CS NFs will be suitable for bone tissue engineering applications by choosing a suitable blend composition.PACS: 87.85.jf; 87.85.Rs; 68.37.Hk.     

改性二氧化硅-乙基纤维素复合膜的制备及性能

乙基纤维素(EC)与改性二氧化硅(m-SiO_2)醇溶胶通过共混方式制备了复合膜EC-Six(x=1、2、3、4)。通过SEM、FTIR对复合膜的微观结构进行了表征,对复合膜的水接触角、机械性能和水蒸气透过系数(WVP)进行了测试。结果表明:当m-SiO_2醇溶胶与EC醇溶液体积比为3︰2时,纳米粒子均匀地分布于复合膜EC-Si_3中,并与EC形成均一的多孔状结构。该复合膜具有很好的表面疏水性,膜表面水静态接触角(WCA)可达145°。复合膜的抗张强度(TS)为10.452 MPa,断裂伸长率(EB)为5.405%,其WVP值为0.549 g·mm/(m~2·h·kPa)。抗菌剂的释放性结果表明,EC-Si_3膜中姜黄素在正己烷中的释放率高于在蒸馏水中的释放率。     

羧甲基纤维素钠复合纳滤膜的制备与性能表征

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为活性层铸膜液,聚砜(PSF)超滤膜为基膜,戊二醛(GA)水溶液为交联剂,采用涂敷和交联的方法制得一种新型荷负电复合纳滤(NF)膜。测定了复合膜的截留相对分子质量,并对其表面形貌进行了表征。在铸膜液中添加质量分数为3.5%的不同种类有机小分子,研究了其对复合膜截留性能的影响。CMC/PSF复合膜对几种无机盐的截留顺序为:Na2SO4>NaCl>MgSO4>MgCl2。     

纤维素/NMMO溶液及其薄膜的制备与性能研究

以水质量分数为13.3%的N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)为溶剂溶解棉浆粕,制备质量分数为5%～11%的纤维素/NMMO溶液。将所得溶液制备纤维素薄膜,考察了纤维素/NMMO溶液的稳定性,研究了凝固浴温度和组成对纤维素薄膜的成膜性、断面形态及力学性能的影响。结果表明:纤维素/NMMO溶液随着浓度增大,其粘度先增大后减小,再急剧上升;纤维素/NMMO溶液在玻璃介质中稳定性较好,微量Cu~(2+),Fe~(3+)等杂质存在时,其稳定性显著下降;纤维素薄膜随凝固浴温度升高,其透明性、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均下降;相对于水,含有乙醇和NMMO的凝固浴能减缓双扩散的速度,使纤维素薄膜的拉伸强度略有提高,断裂伸长率出现不同程度下降。