水溶性甲壳素／纤维素共混液的流变性研究

用高效毛细管流变仪与DV-Ⅱ旋转粘度计,研究了纺制新型抗菌纤维的水溶性甲壳素与纤维素共混溶液的流变性.研究表明:在一定温度范围内,不同配比的混合液属于非牛顿流体,表观粘度随剪切速率的增大而降低,非牛顿指数随温度的升高而增大;当w(甲壳素)为5%时,共混液在30～40 ℃内.结构粘度指数Δη变化较缓慢,温度超过40℃,Δη迅速下降.当w(甲壳素)达到10%、15%时,Δη随温度变化缓慢.     

共混比例对角蛋白/纤维素溶液流变性能的影响

探讨了角蛋白、纤维素及其共混溶液的性质,分析了温度、剪切速率、共混比例等对角蛋白／纤维素溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明：角蛋白、纤维素及其共混溶液的表观粘度随剪切速率的增大而降低,均属假塑性流体。角蛋白与纤维素的共混体系中,角蛋白分子阻碍了纤维素分子链段之间的纠缠,使其共混体系的表观粘度、结构粘度、粘流活化能及稠度系数均随共混比例的增加而减小．非牛顿指数随共混比例的增加而增大．且粘度指数均小于1。     

胶原蛋白-壳聚糖的溶液纺丝

研究了胶原蛋白壳聚糖共混溶液的黏度特性和纺丝性能。考察了共混溶液的温度、浓度、存放时间、剪切应力和剪切速率等对其黏度的影响，并进行了溶液的流变学及溶液纺丝研究。实验结果表明，温度升高和浓度降低，溶液黏度有较大下降；45℃稳定3h后溶液黏度趋于恒定；随剪切速率增加，共混溶液的非牛顿指数上升，表现为典型的非牛顿流体特性。当溶液温度为55℃，剪切速率10^0～10^4 S^-1时，非牛顿指数n为0．71。用Na2SO4作为纺丝凝固剂，所得纤维具有较好的力学性能。     

海藻酸钠/羧甲基纤维素钠纺丝溶液的流变性能研究

采用毛细管流变仪测定海藻酸钠/羧甲基纤维素钠纺丝溶液的流变性能,结果表明:海藻酸钠/羧甲基纤维素钠纺丝溶液是"切力变稀"流体,随着剪切速率的增加,纺丝液的表观粘度ηa下降.纺丝液中CMC的含量和温度影响纺丝液的流变行为,纺丝液的表观粘度ηa和结构粘度指数△η随羧甲基纤维素钠含量的降低和纺丝液温度的升高而下降;纺丝液的非牛顿指数n随羧甲基纤维素钠含量的降低和纺丝液温度的升高而升高.因此,纺丝时应控制40℃左右的纺丝液中CMC的含量低于20%.     

共混可润湿聚丙烯的流变性能研究

共混可润湿聚丙烯流体的流动特征与常规聚丙烯相似 ,为典型的假塑性流动 ,其非牛顿指数随剪切速率的增大而减小 ,表观粘度和粘流活化能随共混比的增大而减小     

低密度聚乙烯的毛细管流变性能

为研制低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)纤维,确定合理的纺丝工艺参数,利用毛细管流变仪研究LDPE材料的流变性能.研究结果表明:LDPE剪切黏度随剪切速率的增大而降低,随温度的升高而降低,非牛顿指数n小于1,随温度的升高而变大;当LDPE纺丝在加工温度为205℃时,非牛顿指数n为0.498,最接近牛顿流体.在150～250℃温度范围内,LDPE的黏流活化能在10 ～13 J/mol之间,且黏流活化能随剪切速率增加而降低,稠度系数K随温度升高而降低,属于假塑性流体,在纺丝过程中可以通过调节温度和剪切速率来改变LDPE熔体的可纺性.     

超支化聚合物对PP染色性及流变性的影响

将超支化聚合物应用于聚丙烯纤维(PP)的共混改性,共混比例为2%~10%。实验结果表明:超支化聚合物的加入改善了PP的染色性,当超支化聚合物的质量分数为8%时,PP的上染率达到70%。共混体系为非牛顿假塑性流体,其表观黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小;随着超支化聚合物含量增大,共混物非牛顿流动指数上升,剪切速率上升,流变性能改善;共混物黏流活化能可达47.83 kJ/mol,黏温依赖性随着超支化聚合物含量的增加而增大。超支化聚合物含量为2%~4%时,拉伸强度上升约10%。     

大豆蛋白/粘胶共混溶液的可纺性

采用纺前注射的方法,使大豆蛋白溶液和粘胶溶液动态混合。通过对共混溶液流变性能的研究,验证了大豆蛋白含量和温度对大豆蛋白/粘胶共混溶液的流变曲线、非牛顿指数和结构粘度指数以及可纺性的影响。结果表明,大豆蛋白/粘胶共混溶液为切力变稀型流体,随着大豆蛋白含量的升高非牛顿指数变小;随着大豆蛋白含量和温度的升高,共混流体表观粘度降低,结构粘度指数增大,可纺性变差;当温度为30℃以上时,粘度随温度的升高而降低的现象减弱。     

SiO2包覆TiO2粒子与聚丙烯共混物的剪切流变性能

以SiO2包覆TiO2纳米粒子为改性剂,与聚丙烯共混改性,用双料筒毛细管流变仪,测试分析了共混熔体的剪切流变性能。结果表明：改性剂的添加增强了聚丙烯的非牛顿性,当其质量为6%,剪切速率为500 s-1时的非牛顿指数较纯聚丙烯降低27.1%,在4500 s-1时该值较纯聚丙烯降低14.3%;改性剂增大了聚丙烯的流动阻力,在240 ℃、1184.29 s-1的剪切速率下,其黏流活化能和剪切黏度较纯聚丙烯分别增大68.4%和22.1%;升高温度能明显改善熔体的流动性能,改性剂质量分数为6%的共混物在250 ℃、剪切速率为584.80 s-1条件下,剪切黏度较230 ℃时下降37.1%。实验结果显示：通过合理控制添加比例、熔融温度和挤出工艺,可改善共混改性聚丙烯的可纺性。     

胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇共混纺丝原液的流变性能

研究了影响不同配比的胶原蛋白／聚乙烯醇共混纺丝原液流变性的因素,如原液的温度、浓度和交联剂用量对共混原液的非牛顿指数、结构黏度指数、零切黏度及粘流活化能等流变参数的影响。结果表明,各配比的胶原蛋白／聚乙烯醇共混纺丝原液均属非牛顿剪切变稀型流体,非牛顿指数n随原液温度的升高而增大,但随浓度和交联剂用量的增大而减小;结构黏度指数随温度的升高而减小,但随浓度和交联剂用量的增大而有所增大;粘流活化能随原液中胶原蛋白比例的增加而增大,说明了共混原液的零切黏度对温度的敏感程度较高,这就要求纺丝过程须注意控制好共混原液的温度。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．