The solidification characteristics of near rapid and supercooling directional solidification

In the comparison of the solidification characteristics of supercooling directional solidification (SDS) with constrained directional solidification (DS) and with the consideration of the inheritance of supercooled melt, the SDS technique established with the combination of melt supercooling and traditional DS was proposed. An exploring study on SDS techniques was also conducted using appropriate facilities, designed and manufactured by the authors’ laboratory and the deep supercooling of Cu–5.0%Ni alloy, and its DSs were implemented.     

复合定向凝固法制备多晶硅铸锭

采用复合定向凝固法制备多晶硅铸锭,在精炼和定向凝固过程中施加电磁场控制柱状晶生长过程.实验制得平行于铸锭中心轴的柱状晶,直径约为1mm,铸锭表面质量良好.分析表明金属杂质并未在晶界处发生聚集;且沿铸锭轴向分布也有明显改善,增加了铸锭的有效提纯长度.并通过理论计算探讨了晶体生长速度和定向凝固次数对杂质去除效果的影响.     

Al-Pb合金快速定向凝固的数值模拟

在考虑凝固界面前沿第二相液滴形核、长大以及迁移综合作用的基础上 ,提出了描述偏晶合金在快速定向凝固条件下微观组织形成过程的数学模型 ,并对Al-Pb轴承合金在垂直Bridgeman定向凝固条件下的凝固组织进化过程进行了计算分析 .结果表明 :在大的凝固速度条件下 ,凝固界面前沿存在成分过冷区 ,液 -液相分解在此区域内进行 ;在恒定的温度梯度条件下 ,凝固速度越快 ,第二相液滴的形核速率越大 ,液滴的数量密度越高 ,平均半径越小 ;凝固界面前沿液滴的平均半径 (R)与凝固速度 (v)之间存在如下指数关系 :R(z =0 ) =C2 v-0 .3 9± 0 .0 1     

高温合金电磁软接触近净成形定向凝固研究

传统高温合金叶片类铸件制备过程中,熔体长时间受到陶瓷模壳材料的污染,性能难以提高,借助于电磁软接触成形技术中的电磁压力使高温合金熔体呈半悬浮状态,减少了熔体与磁模结晶器的接触面积和时间,提高了合金熔炼和成形的纯净度,同时将该技术和定向凝固技术相结合开发了一种实现高温合金复杂形状电磁软接触成形定向凝固的工艺,并探讨了该工艺下3种结晶器材料（陶瓷、磁模和石墨）中磁感应强度的分布规律,结果表明,石墨套高度对磁模结晶器磁感应强度的大小和分布以及熔体温度场有很大影响。通过调整上下线圈功率和抽拉速度等工艺参数成功地制备了大小两种近叶片形状的高温合金电磁软接触成形的定向凝固样件。．     

Growth and characterization of pure and lithium doped strontium tartrate tetrahydrate crystals by solution-gel technique

The effect of lithium ion as dopant on the size and transparency of strontium tartrate tetrahydrate (SrC₄H₄O₆·4H₂O) crystals are presented in this paper. Growth of single crystals of undoped and lithium doped strontium tartrate tetrahydrate by controlled diffusion of strontium nitrate into the gel charged with tartaric acid at room temperature are narrated. The lithium ion enhances the size and transparency of the doped crystals. The crystal structure of the compound was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and dopant concentration with ICP-atomic emission spectrometer system. Thermal decomposition of the grown crystals is investigated by TGA and DTA studies. The FTIR spectra of pure and doped crystals are recorded and analysed. Kurtz powder technique has been used to test SHG efficiency of the crystals.     

特种合金电磁软接触定向凝固冷却新工艺

通过对流化床传热特性的研究,提出了一种适用于特种合金在真空下定向凝固的冷却新工艺,并确定了最佳的冷却工艺配置.结果表明:液氮作为流化介质,在0.3 Pa压力作用下、100目SiC颗粒作为固体介质、采用喷嘴与隔热板间距为10 mm的工艺配置、抽拉速度9 mm/min时,固液界面温度梯度可达260 K/cm,并且实现了高温合金的软接触电磁成形,获得了高温合金近叶片状样件及一次枝晶间距平均为60 μm的定向凝固组织.     

Influences of microstructure and orientation on fracture toughness of intermetallic phase Al2Cu‐based alloy under directional solidification

The influences of microstructures and orientations on fracture toughness of intermetallic phase Al₂Cu‐based alloys during different directionally solidified rates were investigated. With solidified rates increasing, the patterns of Al₂Cu phase dendrite turned from faceted V‐shaped morphology to elongated plate‐shaped morphology and discontinuous complex morphology in longitudinal section. Moreover, the deviation angle between the growth direction of Al₂Cu dendrite and the heat flow direction was increasing. Because of fine grain toughening and crack propagation path deflected by orientation, the fracture toughness of Al₂Cu‐based alloy was improved. The experimental results showed that improving the brittleness could be well achieved under higher directionally solidified rate.     

Cd补偿垂直布里奇曼法生长Cd0.9Zn0.1Te晶体

采用传统垂直布里奇曼法和Cd补偿垂直布里奇曼法,分别生长出两根尺寸为 30mm×130mm的Ccd0.9Zn0.1Te晶锭.测试了晶体的结晶质量、成分分布、位错腐蚀坑密度(EPD)、红外透过率及电阻率.结果表明,Cd补偿垂直布里奇曼法生长的晶体结晶质量好、成分分布均匀、EPD低、红外透过性能好且电阻率高.这说明Cd补偿垂直布里奇曼法是一种生长高阻值CZT晶体的优良方法.     

Growth and stability of pure and amino doped TGS crystals

Pure and amino (L-alanine and L-valine) doped TGS crystals were grown by the slow cooling method. The rates of nucleation as indicated by the induction period were measured. Effects of dopants on the solubility, stability and induction periods were investigated in stirred solutions. The interfacial energy for pure and doped solutions at 30°C was calculated. High quality single crystals of dimension 9×5×4 cm³ were grown.     

Surface properties of doped and undoped TiO2 thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering

In this work, transparent titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films were deposited onto microscope glass slides by means of the d.c. reactive magnetron sputtering method. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV) and contact angle analysis using the Owens-Wendt method for the surface energy calculation. The photocatalytic activity of the films was tested by measuring the photodegradation of Rhodamine-B (RhB) dye under radiation of UV light. Iron-doped TiO₂ films were also prepared in order to study the Fe-doping effect on TiO₂ photocatalytic activity. The influences of different iron concentrations on the contact angle of the series of Fe-doped TiO₂ thin films, were investigated. The influences of total sputtering pressures on TiO₂ photocatalytic activity were also investigated. It was observed that the photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ thin films was slightly improved by increasing the total sputtering pressure. Moreover, it was also observed that in general, iron-doping was detrimental for photocatalytic activity, nevertheless the films with low iron concentrations showed better photocatalytic activity than those with high iron concentrations. It was found that iron-doping has changed the wettability appetency of TiO₂ coated surfaces.     

Thermal conductivity of Nd3+ and Yb3+ doped laser materials measured by using the thermal lens technique

Thermal conductivity measurements in various well-known Yb³⁺ and Nd³⁺ doped laser materials are performed by using an all-optical pump–probe approach based on the pump-induced thermal lens phenomenon. The derived values agree well with the existing data and open the way to more extensive and more complete investigations.     

Optical and electrical properties of ZrSe3 single crystals grown by chemical vapour transport technique

Single crystals of the lamellar compound, ZrSe₃, were grown by chemical vapour transport technique using iodine as a transporting agent. The grown crystals were characterized with the help of energy dispersive analysis by X-ray (EDAX), which gave confirmation about the stoichiometry. The optical band gap measurement of as grown crystals was carried out with the help of optical absorption spectra in the range 700–1450 nm. The indirect as well as direct band gap of ZrSe₃ were found to be 1.1 eV and 1.47 eV, respectively. The resistivity of the as grown crystals was measured using van der Pauw method. The Hall parameters of the grown crystals were determined at room temperature from Hall effect measurements. Electrical resistivity measurements were performed on this crystal in the temperature range 303–423 K. The crystals were found to exhibit semiconducting nature in this range. The activation energy and anisotropy measurements were carried out for this crystal. Pressure dependence of electrical resistance was studied using Bridgman opposed anvils set up up to 8 GPa. The semiconducting nature of ZrSe₃ single crystal was inferred from the graph of resistance vs pressure. The results obtained are discussed in detail.     

Eu^3＋：LiNbO3Eu单晶的坩埚下降法生长及其光谱性质

选用合适的温度梯度(20～30℃／cm)与生长速度(1～3mm／h)，用坩埚下降法成功地生长出了掺杂Eu^3 的LiNbO3单晶。用X射线衍射及DTA分析表征了获得的晶体。生长的晶体无宏观缺陷，在He-Ne激光的照射下，无散射中心。测定了从生长初期下部到生长后期上部晶体的紫外一可见吸收光谱与荧光光谱。观测到分裂的光谱线。结果表明，沿着晶体生长方向，Eu抖浓度逐步减少。Eu抖离子在晶体中取代Li与Nb格位。     

Growth and characterization of organic material 2-hydroxypyridine single crystal by modified vertical Bridgman technique

Large size (15 mm diameter and 80 mm length) organic material 2-hydroxypyridine single crystal has been grown using the double wall ampoule with nano translation by modified vertical Bridgman technique for the first time. Material of the grown crystal was confirmed by single and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to identify the functional groups present in the grown crystal. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) has been performed to analyze the crystalline perfection of the grown single crystal. The optical property of the grown crystal was analyzed by UV–vis–NIR and photoluminescence (PL) spectral measurements. The thermal characteristics of the grown crystal were analyzed by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA). The dielectric measurements were carried out with four different frequencies at various temperatures ranging from 308 to 373 K and the results indicate an increase in the dielectric parameters with the increase of temperature at all frequencies. The second harmonic generation (SHG) studies were used to analyze the nonlinear optical property of the grown crystal.     

Growth and characterization of carbon nanofibers by a technique of polymer doped catalyst and hot-filament chemical vapor deposition

Carbon nanostructures have been prepared from the catalytic conversion of polyethylene glycol using a rapid immersion in hot-filament system fed with ethanol, hydrogen and argon. Fiber structures of external diameter about 30 nm have been observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Raman measurements indicate high degree of C-C sp² ordering which suggests that the samples correspond to CNTs of good tube crystallinity. The samples presented remarkable field emission properties. Lowest threshold field achieved for electron emission was 1.0 V/μm.     

Growth, characterization and optical quality of CaF2 single crystals grown by the temperature gradient technique

The CaF₂ single crystals with diameters up to 200 mm were successfully grown by modified temperature gradient technique (TGT), which are suitable for application as optical elements in the ultraviolet range. The optimizations of various growth parameters were systematically studied. Properties of as-grown CaF₂ crystals were characterized by the nature of inclusions, dislocations, crystallinity, and impurities contents. The results showed that the dislocations and multinucleation were mostly constrained in the conical part of the crystals with the cylindrical parts having the best crystalline quality and lowest impurity contents. The high optical quality of TGT-grown CaF₂ single crystals was also confirmed to have excellent optical transmission in 190-2500 nm and refractive index homogeneity.     

(Mg0.95Ca0.05)TiO3晶体的激光加热基座法生长及其性质测定

采用激光加热基座法(LHPG)生长出了共晶系(Mg0.95Ca0.05)TiO3。晶体。通过粉末X射线衍射分析了所生长晶体的晶相，采用扫描电镜和显微拉曼光谱技术研究了所生长晶体的微观结构。(Mg0.95Ca0.05)TiO3晶体由CaTiO2和Mg-TiO2两种晶体复合而成。介电测量结果表明：(Mg0.95Ca0.05)TiO3晶体沿生长方向具有较大的介电常数和较小的共振频率温度系数。