由SiO2/3Y-TZP包裹复合粉体制备ZrSiO4/3Y-TZP细晶陶瓷

对湿化学法制备的ＳｉＯ_２／３Ｙ－ＴＺＰ包裹复合粉体进行了热压烧结研究,并利用Ｘ射线衍射和透射电镜表征了烧结体的物相和显微结构．在低于１３００℃,复合粉体发生瞬时粘性烧结,材料密度迅速提高;随着烧结温度的升高,ＳＩＯ_２和ＺｒＯ_２发生反应生成ＺｒＳｉＯ_４．在１５００℃热压条件下,制备了平均晶粒尺寸为３５０ｎｍ的ＺｒＳｉＯ_４／３Ｙ－ＴＺＰ细晶复相材料．我们认为,在烧结过程中形成的第二相ＺｒＳｉＯ_４,特别是ＳｉＯ_２包裹层对抑制基体晶粒长大起主要作用．     

ZrO2（Y2O3）纳米粉在超高压下快速烧结

研究了超高压（５ＧＰａ）、高温（１３５０℃）下烧结的ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）纳米材料的结构及相关系。结果表明：水解法制备的纳米（９ｎｍ）２．２Ｙ－ＺｒＯ２粉体经超高压烧结１０ｓ，致密度即达９９．５％以上，晶粒迅速长大达６０ｎｍ。在０￣９９ｓ范围内，随烧结时间延长，２．２Ｙ－ＴＺＰ的ｔ相增加，四方度（ｃ·ａ＾－１）减小，表明Ｙ２Ｏ３固溶进入ＺｒＯ２晶格内。     

γ-Al2O3纳米粉对氧化铝纤维烧结行为的影响

研究了纳米γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉末对氧化铝纤维烧结行为的影响．在纤维挤压成型过程中,纳米粉体填入到微米颗粒形成的孔隙中,当加入量为 ４０ｗｔ％时,纤维素坯相对密度由 ６５％提高到８０％。由于成型密度高、气孔分布窄、孔径小而有利于烧结,在较低的烧结温度下可以达到理论密度．全部采用纳米γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉挤压的纤维烧结后具有较大的径向收缩率,在１２００℃烧结即可达到完全致密．     

非均相沉淀法制备Al2O3-YAG复相陶瓷

本文测量了ＹＡＧ粉体的ξ电位,通过调节ｐＨ值获得均匀分散的ＹＡＧ水悬浮液．采用非均相沉淀方法获得ＹＡＧ分布均匀的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体．通过热压烧结得到致密烧结体,ＹＡＧ的加入对烧结温度的影响不大．Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复相陶瓷的抗弯强度为４８５ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４．２ＭＰａ·ｍ^１／２,均高于单相Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷,数据的重复性好于球磨混合所制备的样品．通过ＴＥＭ观察,ＹＡＧ颗粒均匀分布于整个样品中,表明通过非均相沉淀制粉可以获得ＹＡＧ颗粒分布均匀的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＹＡＧ复相陶瓷．     

Y_2O_3含量及制备工艺参数对Y－TZP纳米粉烧结体性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了Ｙ２Ｏ３含量不同的两种Ｙ－ＴＺＰ纳米粉体；采用不同压力下冷等静压成形制备素坯；研究Ｙ２Ｏ３含量、素坯成型压力及烧结温度对Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷体密度、组织结构及机械性能的影响。     

Y2O3含量及制备工艺参数对Y—TZP纳米粉烧结体性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了Ｙ２Ｏ３含量不同的两种Ｙ－ＴＺＰ纳米粉体；采用了不同压力不冷等静压成形制备素坯；研究了Ｙ２Ｏ３含量，素坯成型压力及烧结温度对Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷体密度，组织结构及机械性能的影响。     

CaO-Y2O3添加剂对AlN陶瓷显微结构及性能的影响

研究了掺杂ＣａＯ－Ｙ_２Ｏ_３热压烧结和常压烧结ＡｌＮ陶瓷的性能和显微结构．结果表明：热压烧结ＡｌＮ陶瓷的第二相为Ｙ_３Ａｌ_５Ｏ_１２,常压烧结ＡｌＮ陶瓷的第二相为Ｙ_３Ａｌ_５Ｏ_１2和Ｃａ_３Ｙ_２Ｏ_６;热压烧结ＡｌＮ的第二相体积百分数和晶格氧含量均低于常压烧结;热压烧结ＡｌＮ陶瓷的微观结构良好,其热导率达到２００Ｗ／ｍ·Ｋ．     

共沉淀法制备YAG-Al2O3纳米复合粉体

本文采用共沉淀法制备了ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３纳米复合粉体．并通过ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ详细研究了粉体组成、形貌随煅烧温度的变化．研究表明,在１３００℃下煅烧可获得ＹＡＧ粒径约１００ｎｍ、分散均匀、无杂相的ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３纳米复合粉体．粉体在１４５０℃可热压烧结致密,远低于文献报道的热压烧结温度１６００℃．用共沉淀法制备ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３纳米复合粉体具有成本低、产量高和工艺简单的优点．     

醇-水溶液加热法制备纳米ZrO2粉体及相关过程的研究

分析了醇－水溶液加热法制备纳米ＺｒＯ_２（３Ｙ）粉体的过程及加热温度、时间对反应过程及最后所得粉体的影响．研究结果表明：该法制备纳米ＺｒＯ_２粉体过程中发生了一系列化学反应,这些反应使Ｙ_２Ｏ_３前趋体在ＺｒＯ_２前驱体中均匀分布,Ｙ_２Ｏ_２在粉体煅烧期间逐渐渗透到ＺｒＯ_２颗粒中使之转变为四方相．只有当加热的温度足够高使得溶液的介电常数＜２５时,沉淀才可能发生．加热时间必须足够长,使反应完全．过短的加热时间致使沉淀不够完全时,容易产生团聚．     

表面诱导沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2纳米复合粉体

采用表面诱导沉淀法,制备了Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＺｒＯ_２（１５ｖｏｌ％）纳米复合粉料,利用透射电子显微镜对其形貌进行了表征．结果表明：在ｐＨ＝５时,可以使ＺｒＯ_２前驱体均匀地包裹在Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面,经过８００℃煅烧之后,Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面均匀地结合着粒径约为３０ｎｍ的ＺｒＯ_２颗粒,ＺｒＯ_２颗粒尺寸均匀．该粉体经过２４ｈ球磨和超声波处理之后,未发生ＺｒＯ_２颗粒脱落现象,表明ＺｒＯ_２颗粒与Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面结合紧密．     

橡胶等静压成型纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉素坯

对橡胶等静压成型(Rubber isostatic pressing,RIP)制备纳米Y-TZP陶瓷作了初步研究.研究结果表明,通过RIP成型,可以获得相对密度较高、体积较大的ZrO₂(3Y)素坯,并在较低温度下无压烧结得到纳米Y-TZP陶瓷.在1100℃下烧结2h所得的Y-TZP陶瓷的相对密度可达97％,晶粒仅为70nm左右.相对密度较高、平均孔径小是RIP成型素坯烧结温度低的主要原因.     

Slip casting and sintering of monodispersed TiO2 particles

Monodispersed TiO₂ particles were used to prepare a uniformly packed green compact with a high relative density by slip casting. A suspension consisting of monodispersed TiO₂ particles, solvent and binder was cast in the mould. The sintering behaviour of the green compact was investigated. The green compact could be sintered to a relative density of > 99% by treatment at 1050 °C for 120 min. The average grain size of the sintered body was 1.26 m without abnormal grain growth. The green sheet cast on a glass board could be densified with no grain growth. The experimentally obtained relation between densification rate and grain size indicated a volume diffusion mechanism according to Coble's equation.     

快速烧结制备纳米Y-TZP材料

研究了快速热压烧结和放电等离子快速烧结（ＳＰＳ）制备纳米Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料．利用快速热压烧结和 ＳＰＳ快速烧结,可在烧结温度为 １２００℃、保温９～１０ｍｉｎ条件下,制得相对密度超过９９％的 Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料．研究发现：虽然快速热压烧结和 ＳＰＳ烧结都可使Ｙ－ＴＺＰ在相同温度下的密度高于普通热压烧结,但两种快速烧结所得Ｙ－ＴＺＰ的晶粒都大于无压烧结所得;另外,快速热压烧结所得样品的结构不够均匀,而ＳＰＳ烧结的样品的均匀性较好．文章对产生这些现象的原因进行了理论探讨．     

热压烧结制备纳米Y-TZP材料

本文研究了热压烧结制备纳米Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料的过程．研究结果表明：热压烧结纳米Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料有一些新的特点,主要是纳米Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料在热压烧结时,由于软团聚未能有效地破碎;造成烧结过程中团聚体内部首先致密化,与基体之间产生张力,导致裂纹状大气孔的出现．同时因石墨模具的限制,热压时的外压不足以克服塑性滑移产生所需的“阈值”,因此大气孔无法“压碎”,使材料的烧结密度比相同温度下无压烧结还低．针对热压烧结纳米Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料的局限性,采用热煅压烧结,可在１１００℃的低温下获得致密的纳米Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料,晶粒大小仅８５ｎｍ左右。     

Sintering of ultra-fine tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics

High-frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS) is utilized to consolidate ultra-fine grain tetragonal zirconia stabilized with 3 mol%Y₂O₃ (3Y-SZ) ceramics. Densification to near theoretical density in a relatively short time can be accomplished using this method. Samples of 3Y-SZ with a relative density of up to 99.5% and an average grain size of about 170 nm could be obtained by sintering at 950 °C for 5 min under a pressure of 100 MPa pressure. The influence of sintering temperature and mechanical pressure on the final density and grain size of the sintered products was investigated. The sintered materials had fracture toughness and hardness values of 4.4 MPa m^1/2 and 10.7 GPa, respectively.     

High Pressure Compaction and Sintering of Nano-Size γ- Al2O3 Powder

The effects of pressure on the compaction and subsequent sintering of nano-size Y- γ-Al₂O₃ powder were studied. Pressures up to 5 GPa were used to compact the powder in a WC piston/cylinder type die and also in a diamond anvil cell. The green body compacts obtained from both methods of compaction were pressureless sintered at temperatures between 1000°C to 1600°C. Results demonstrated that green body density was enhanced with increased compaction pressure. For compaction pressures less than 3 GPa, microstructures containing significant porosity developed at all sintering temperatures studied and is due to the development of a highly porous or vermicular structure during the y too phase transformation, occurring at temperatures between 1000°C and I I50°C. At compaction pressures greater than 3 GPa, however, the formation of the vermicular structure did not occur and near theoretical densities with grain size = 150 nm were obtained.     

超高压成型对碳化硅陶瓷微观结构的影响

以两面顶为成型设备,利用其超高压力(4.5GPa)来提高素坯的相对致密度,从而降低坯体的烧结温度、缩短烧结时间,并制备出高致密度的细晶碳化硅陶瓷。结果表明,经超高压成型后,碳化硅素坯的平均相对致密度为65.7%。与冷等静压成型后的坯体(45.5%)相比,提高了大约20%。在低压流动氮气保护下,超高压成型的坯体于1900℃下无压烧结30min,烧结体的致密度达到了98.3%,其晶粒尺寸在200nm左右。     

粒径及成型压力对α氧化铝粉体烧结行为的影响

以D50为0.171μm和0.432μm的α氧化铝粉为原料,采用不同的成型压力制得生坯,并在1450℃进行烧结,研究了粉体粒径和成型压力对α氧化铝粉体烧结行为的影响.D50为0.432μm的粉体,烧结活性较差,成型压力从100 MPa提升到300 MPa,生坯相对密度从54.1%增加到56.6%,烧结体相对密度从93.2%增加到94.9%.D50为0.171μm的粉体,烧结活性较好,成型压力从100 MPa提升到300 MPa,生坯相对密度从51.3%增加到53.8%,但烧结体密度始终在98.6%~98.8%之间,并未产生大的变化.结果表明,提升成型压力对Al2O3粉体烧结行为影响有限,减小粉体粒径、提高粉体烧结活性,才是提高Al2O3陶瓷密度、降低烧结温度的关键.     

Effects of sintering temperature and particle size on the translucency of zirconium dioxide dental ceramic

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sintering temperature and particle size on the translucency of yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) dental ceramic. Eighty disc-shaped and cylindrical specimens were fabricated from zirconia powers of particle size 40 and 90 nm. These specimens were sintered densely at the final sintering temperature 1350, 1400, 1450 and 1500°C, respectively. The visible light transmittance, sintered density and microstructure of the sintered block were examined. The results showed that the sintered densities and transmittances increased with the temperature from 1,350 to 1,500°C. Y-TZP could gain nearly full density and about 17–18% transmittance at the final sintering temperature of 1,450–1,500°C. The 40-nm powders had higher sintered density and transmittance than the 90-nm. The translucency of Y-TZP dental ceramic could be improved by controlling the final sintering temperature and primary particle size.     

预热粉体爆炸烧结单相纳米氧化铝陶瓷的研究

采用预热粉体爆炸烧结技术制备单相纳米陶瓷,用40nm的α-Al2O3粉体作原料进行烧结试验,用高倍扫描电镜,X射线衍射分析等手段对试验结果进行了测试。最近的研究表明：纳米粉体分别经600－800度预热后进行爆炸烧结,可以得到密度为96－100％理论密度,晶粒大小在100nm以下的单相氧化铝纳米陶瓷,随着预热温度的递增,陶瓷晶粒生长有加快趋势,与常温下爆炸烧结相比,本研究的陶瓷晶粒无明显晶格变形,对陶瓷质量的影响因素及其改善途径也进行了分析。