The fluidity of fly ash-cement paste containing naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer

The zeta potential measurement indicated that the surface potential of fly ash was different from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in both sign and value. Hence, the Derjaguin-Landau-Verway-Overbeek (DLVO) theory for dispersion-flocculation of heterogeneous particles with different surface potentials was applied to explain the influence of fly ash on the rheology of cement paste containing naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer. For the fly ash-cement paste without superplasticizer, the sign of zeta potential of fly ash was different from OPC. Thus, the extent of the potential energy barrier between particles was small or even showed negative value, and the change in the rheology of the fly ash-cement paste was mainly dependent on the bulk solid volume of fly ash, which was related to available free water for fluidizing paste. For the fly ash-cement paste with naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer, fly ash and cement had the same sign and dispersed well due to higher potential barrier. The extent of potential energy barrier depended on the absolute value of surface potential, which was represented by a function of the amount of adsorbed superplasticizer. The bulk solid volume of fly ash also affected the change in flow ability, but the effect of potential energy barrier between particles was superior to that of the bulk solid volume of fly ash.     

Effect of particle size distribution of fly ash-cement system on the fluidity of cement pastes

This paper investigates the effect of particle size distribution of fly ash-cement system on the fluidity of the cement pastes using class F fly ash collected from the hopper attached to an electrostatic precipitator when the burning conditions and types of coal are changed at a coal-fired power plant. The unburned carbon content of fly ashes used in the experiment is less than 1.5%. To prevent the unburned carbon in fly ashes from affecting the fluidity of the pastes, polycarboxylic acid plasticizer with more saturation amount is added into the pastes for experimentation. The particle size distribution of fly ash-cement system is analyzed using n value of Rosin-Rammler function and the n value is derived with a nonlinear least squares fitting method. As the result, it is shown that the fluidity increases as the particle size distribution becomes wider, i.e., as n value gets smaller.     

高效减水剂与水泥及掺混合材水泥的相容性研究

通过对掺高效减水剂水泥净浆流动性及流动性损失的测定试验,研究了高效减水剂与水泥及掺混合材水泥的相容性。试验结果表明,同一种高效减水剂与不同水泥的相容性不同;矿渣和粉煤灰都能改善水泥与高效减水剂的相容性;复掺粉煤灰和矿渣比矿渣单掺时改善效果好。     

不同pH值碱性电解水对砂浆工作性能和强度的影响

碱性电解水具有强碱性、高活性、离子性和吸附性等优点,本文利用不同pH值(9.5、10.5、11.5)的碱性电解水制备粉煤灰砂浆,并在粉煤灰取代率为0%、15%及30%(质量分数)的条件下,系统研究了不同pH值碱性电解水对粉煤灰砂浆的工作性能、力学性能以及Ca(OH)₂等水泥水化产物含量的影响规律,并利用XRD、SEM等微观试验对比分析了不同pH值的粉煤灰净浆的结构组成和微观形貌特征。试验结果表明:随着pH值的提高,相较于普通自来水粉煤灰砂浆,碱性电解水粉煤灰砂浆的流动度、抗压强度和抗折强度逐渐提高,水化产物Ca(OH)₂含量逐渐降低。当碱性电解水pH值为10.5,粉煤灰取代率为15%时,碱性电解水粉煤灰砂浆的早期强度和流动度的改善效果达到最佳,28 d的抗压强度和抗折强度较普通水砂浆分别提高了8.4%和12.5%。同时,相较于普通自来水净浆,不同pH值的碱性电解水净浆的团簇化和颗粒化均表现得更加明显,这对于促进水泥水化进程,提高砂浆流动性,激发粉煤灰早期活性起到了积极作用,除了生成更多的C-S-H凝胶体和Ca(OH)₂等水化产物以外,还生成了钾长石等其他水化产物。     

外加剂对硫铝酸盐水泥的影响

针对硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土塌落度损失大、凝结时间不易控制以及浆体不均匀等问题,通过净浆、砂浆试验研究了缓凝剂、减水剂和复合掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥浆体的凝结时间、浆体流动度及早期、后期强度的影响.结果表明:适当掺量缓凝剂可以有效的控制混凝土塌落度损失、改善施工性能,并可适当提高硬化浆体强度;恰当掺量的减水剂可以在不影响浆体硬化强度的基础上大大提高其流动性;合适比例的粉煤灰和矿渣复掺有利于后期强度的增长并改善其微观结构.     

生物质灰对水泥硬化浆体抗压强度影响的试验研究

对比研究了生物质灰与普通粉煤灰在粒度分布、颗粒形态、化学组成、活性指数等方面的不同,并开展了不同掺量生物质灰对水泥硬化浆体抗压强度的影响研究.结果表明:生物质灰颗粒形状不规则、平均粒径及粒径分布范围较大,具有特有的细长纤维状颗粒,且其活性组分Al2O3不足普通粉煤灰的三分之一;生物质灰的火山灰活性小于普通粉煤灰;相同掺量下,生物质灰-水泥复合胶砂各龄期的抗压强度均小于普通粉煤灰-水泥复合胶砂,生物质灰掺量越大,复合胶砂的强度相比纯水泥组下降程度越大;与普通粉煤灰相比,掺加生物质灰的硬化水泥浆体微观结构更为疏松多孔,特别是其特有的细长纤维状颗粒的存在.     

矿渣微粉-粉煤灰-高效减水剂与水泥净浆的流动度

通过矿渣微粉单掺、矿渣微粉与不同的高效减水剂双掺、矿渣微粉与粉煤灰双掺以及矿渣微粉、粉煤灰与高效减水剂三掺来研究水泥浆体的流动度与矿渣微粉之间的关系.结果表明:矿渣微粉的减水作用只有在和高效减水剂同时使用时才能得到充分发挥.     

混合材对水泥与聚羧酸减水剂相容性的影响

通过对聚羧酸高效减水剂水泥净浆流动度及流动度损失的测定试验,研究了粉煤灰和水淬高炉矿渣在不同替代率及不同配比情况下对减水剂效果的影响。研究结果表明:水淬高炉矿渣有利于改善水泥与减水剂的相容性,而掺粉煤灰则会导致减水剂塑化作用的降低,而且浆体流动度损失也有增大趋势。     

混合材对水泥与减水剂适应性的影响研究

通过对掺高效减水剂水泥净浆流动性及流动性损失的测定试验，研究了3种混合材(粉煤灰、水淬高炉矿渣和沸石)在不同替代率情况下对减水剂作用效果的影响。结果表明：水淬高炉矿渣有利于改善减水剂与水泥的适应性，而掺粉煤灰和沸石(尤其是沸石)则会导致减水剂塑化作用的降低，而且浆体流动性损失也有增大趋势。     

粉煤灰水泥硬化浆体微结构的交流阻抗研究

采用交流阻抗方法对掺有粉煤灰的水泥硬化浆体的微结构及对不同龄期粉煤灰水泥硬化浆体的交流阻抗参数和硬化水泥浆体微结构的关系、抗压强度进行了研究,并与纯硅酸盐水泥体系进行了比较。结果表明,与纯硅酸盐水泥相比,粉煤灰水泥水化后期的水化程度较高,浆体总孔隙率较低。     

利用电炉氧化钢渣制备混凝土矿物掺合料的研究

研究了磨细电炉氧化钢渣对水泥标准稠度需水量、水泥净浆流动度以及混凝土抗压强度、抗渗性、抗冻性、抗碳化等性能指标的影响.研究结果表明,磨细钢渣具有令人满意的减水效果且与混凝土减水剂有较好的适应性;适量磨细钢渣掺入混凝土中对混凝土抗压强度以及耐久性能影响不大;将磨细钢渣与磨细粉煤灰或矿渣混掺可以发挥复合效应,提高掺合料的活性,改善混凝土的性能.     

粉煤灰对脱硫石膏-矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能的影响

通过研究粉煤灰自身在硫酸盐和石灰双重激发下产生的活性、粉煤灰的碱性以及颗粒Zeta（电位）等,分析不同粉煤灰对脱硫石膏-矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,粉煤灰的种类对复合胶凝材料的力学性能影响很大,粉煤灰本身活性的差异不是造成这种影响的主要原因,其主要原因是粉煤灰对矿渣粉的激发程度。粉煤灰的碱性对矿渣粉的激发影响很大,对于普通含钙粉煤灰,碱性越强,激发越好,复合胶凝材料力学性能越好。矿渣粉颗粒的Zeta电位为负,因此粉煤灰颗粒表面的正电荷密度过高,不利于矿渣粉活性的激发。     

Activation of fly ash cementitious systems in the presence of quicklime. Part II: Nature of hydration products, porosity and microstructure development

Following the first paper of a two-part series study on the activating effect of industrial quicklime upon different fly ashes, the current paper concludes on its beneficial role by focusing on the nature of hydration products, pore size and microstructure evolution of each system that was investigated. By looking into the development of these properties, the exact effect of the chemical activator could be elucidated, but furthermore a first approximation of the durability efficiency of the examined systems could be obtained. In the frame of this second part, it was demonstrated that, apart from portlandite, calcium sulphoaluminates (ettringite and monosulfoaluminate) along with some gismondine and gehlenite hydrate (C₂ASH₈) crystals are formed in activated fly ash-cement pastes from the first week of hydration. Mercury intrusion porosimetry data confirmed the beneficial action of quicklime, towards decreasing the total pore volume (and concurrent increase in the volume occupied by fine pores) in high-lime ash blends. Gel/space ratios were estimated for each blended paste, and fine, almost linear, correlation was established with total porosity values. Microscopical observations revealed that the critical contribution of quicklime in the production of secondary C–S–H nearby the ash particles. The flocculent-like gel collaborates smoothly with needle-like products and finely-dispersed crystals towards the gradual impletion of the pores and strengthening of the paste.     

Multi-method approach to study influence of superplasticizers on cement suspensions

Superplasticizers are widely used in concrete processing to increase the rheological properties of hardening pastes. In this study, different techniques (rheology, adsorption, atomic force microscopy—AFM, and ζ-potential) are used to characterize the impact of polycarboxylate-ether based superplasticizer (PCE) on particle suspensions. Results obtained with two cements and two inert powders (MgO and calcite) show that superplasticizer efficiency is strongly influenced by polymer architecture and by the ionic species present in solution. Additionally, experiments performed with AFM and ζ-potential contributed to characterize dispersion forces exerted by superplasticizers at the solid–liquid interface. The application of plateau AFM-tips coated with platinum reveals that dispersion forces depends on the presence of ions in solution, and that multilayer formation occurs with certain superplasticizer types. A further conclusion includes the idea that the PCE has a lubricating effect between adjacent particles and PCE increases surface wettability.     

矿物掺合料对机制砂砂浆性能的影响

研究了在相同水灰比与流动度情况下,单掺或复掺硅灰及不同地区粉煤灰等矿物掺合料对机制砂砂浆流动性、强度的影响,并与标准砂砂浆进行了比较。结果表明、与标准砂相比,机制砂砂浆需水量大、保水性差、易泌水,但具有增强作用;硅灰引起机制砂砂浆流动性减小、减少泌水、增进强度。水灰比相同时,随掺量灰增大,机制砂砂浆流动性增大,不同龄期下砂浆抗压强度均下降。复掺硅灰与粉煤灰可提高机制砂的强度。上海与贵州两地的粉煤灰品质基本相同,对砂浆性能的影响也基本相同。     

Adsorption characteristics of superplasticizers on cement component minerals

Adsorption characteristics of various superplasticizers on portland cement component minerals were investigated. Adsorption isotherms of various types of superplasticizers and ζ-potentials of cement component minerals at the maximum adsorption of the superplasticizers were measured. The value of the adsorption isotherm was calculated from the amount of the superplasticizer adsorbed on a cement component mineral in an equilibrated solution. The maximum amounts of adsorption and the adsorption isotherms varied with types of component mineral and superplasticizer. For all types of superplasticizers, a larger amount of superplasticizer was adsorbed on C₃A and C₄AF than C₃S and C₂S. However, the equilibrated concentration of each superplasticizer at the maximum adsorption was not influenced by types of superplasticizer. Without superplasticizer, C₃S and C₂S had negative ζ-potential. On the contrary, C₃A and C₄AF had positive ζ-potential. Therefore, accelerated coagulation of cement particles might occur due to their electrostatic potentials that are opposite each other. However, all component minerals of cement had negative ζ-potential when they were mixed with any superplasticizer. Fluidity of fresh cement paste is improved due to electrostatic repulsion acting between particles.     

Activation of fly ash cementitious systems in the presence of quicklime: Part I. Compressive strength and pozzolanic reaction rate

In the first part of this study, the effect of industrially produced quicklime on the strength development and pozzolanic reaction rates of different fly ash/cement (FC) systems was investigated. Two high calcium fly ashes, diversified on their active silica and calcium oxide contents, and one with moderate calcium content were used. Strength development, hydration evolution, and pozzolanic reaction rates of the quicklime-fly ash-cement (QFC) systems were monitored and presented. Moreover, new efficiency factors were calculated for the activated systems in an attempt to optimize the quicklime addition in each case, whilst correlations were attempted between the nonevaporable water contents (W_n) and the cementitious efficiency factor (k values) of the activated systems. The addition of quicklime increased both the early and later strengths of the high-calcium fly ash specimens. For the two high-lime ashes tested, a 3% addition of quicklime was found to be the optimum dosage both for short and longer curing periods. It is possible that such an offer of lime fully employed the available silica from the ashes to form additional cementitious compounds, principally pozzolanic C-S-H. In the case of lower-lime fly ash, a small quantity of added lime (5%) was found to be effective only during the initial stages of the hardening process. When quicklime additions increased, no accelerating effect was detected, as a result of the diminished proportion of soluble silica in the pore solution. Identification of the generated hydration products, porosity of the activated mixtures and examination of their microstructure will be presented in Part II of the study.     

石灰石粉和粉煤灰对复合胶凝材料性能的影响

研究了石灰石粉和粉煤灰对复合胶凝材料性能的影响。试验结果表明,石灰石粉具有比粉煤灰更好的减水效应;在石灰石粉-粉煤灰-水泥三元复合胶凝材料中,石灰石粉和粉煤灰掺量相同时,其复合胶凝材料的早期强度比粉煤灰高,而后期更低,但两者复合时,强度仍更高。     

粉煤灰制备轻质高强混凝土的试验研究

以烧结粉煤灰陶粒作为粗骨料,复掺超细粉煤灰与一级粉煤灰部分替代水泥作为胶凝材料,制备轻质高强混凝土.主要研究了两种粉煤灰的掺配比例与总掺量对轻骨料混凝土力学性能、干表观密度及微观形貌的影响.试验结果表明:掺超细粉煤灰能够细化水泥水化产物的晶体尺寸,打乱氢氧化钙的生长取向,减少混凝土内部结构缺陷,使胶凝材料浆体更均匀;当超细粉煤灰与一级粉煤灰的比例为1:1,粉煤灰的总掺量为40%时,可以配制出28 d抗压强度为58.6 MPa,干表观密度为1900 kg/m3的LC50轻质高强轻骨料混凝土.     

矿物掺合料对减水剂作用效果的影响

总结了各种矿物掺合料对减水剂作用效果影响方面的最新研究进展。结果表明:硅灰、沸石粉、偏高岭土、煤矸石等会降低减水剂的塑化效果;优质粉煤灰和矿渣粉与减水剂同时使用,可以增加浆体的流动度、减少流动度损失、增加黏聚性、减少泌水,改善减水剂的作用效果;同时掺加粉煤灰、矿渣粉与高效减水剂的浆体,其流变性能要优于高效减水剂与单一掺合料复合掺加的浆体;根据超叠加理论,应把几种矿物掺合料复合在一起掺加到混凝土拌合物中,利用不同粒径掺合料互相紧密填充的物理效应,达到取长补短的目的。并对各种矿物掺合料影响减水剂作用效果的机理进行了阐述。