超级电容器用（RuO2/SiO2）·nH2O复合薄膜电极的研究

以水合三氯化钌(RuCl3.3H2O)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-热分解法制备了超级电容器用(RuO2/SiO2).nH2O复合薄膜电极材料。研究了热处理温度及热处理时间对电极材料电学性能的影响。借助CHI660C电化学工作站对薄膜材料的电化学性能进行了测试,采用SEM、XRD、FTIR等检测手段对复合材料的微观形貌、物相结构进行了分析。结果表明,固定水合三氯化钌和正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比为10∶3,当热处理温度和时间分别为350℃和2h时,复合薄膜电极具有优良的综合性能,比表面积为265.7m2/g,比电容最高为421F/g,充放电电流为0.1A时,内阻最高为0.72Ω。     

石墨烯/MnO2纳米片复合薄膜的制备及其超级电容性能研究

采用两步界面组装法制备石墨烯/MnO₂纳米片(GMTF)三维复合薄膜电极，研究了复合薄膜的电化学性能。结果表明，MnO₂的赝电容和石墨烯的双电层电容相互协调，使得GMTF复合薄膜材料比单一的MnO₂纳米片或者石墨烯材料具有更佳的电化学性能。在三电极体系中，GMTF电极的比电容在5mV/s时达156.54mF/cm²,远高于石墨烯(40.24mF/cm²)和MnO₂纳米片(69.03mF/cm²)。此外，在两电极体系中，基于GMTF复合薄膜的固态超级电容器也显示出较高的面积比电容(120.49mF/cm²)和质量比电容(204.22F/g)、优良的循环性能。在功率密度为39mW/cm³时，能量密度能够达到1.735mWh/cm³。     

乙二胺改性Co3O4-NiO复合粒子的制备及其超级电容性能研究

利用简单液相共沉淀法制得中间产物Ni(OH)2-Co(OH)2,再经煅烧得到Co3O4-NiO复合粒子;用乙二胺对Co3O4-NiO复合粒子进行改性,改性后Co3O4-NiO微粒分散性提高,形貌为片状,片与片之间相互交叉形成疏松的介孔结构。电化学测试表明Co3O4-NiO电极材料在改性后表现出优良的电化学性能,在电位窗口为0～0.4V时,单电极比电容可达1202F/g,相比改性前提高了171F/g。     

纳米Al2O3掺杂对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2性能的影响

为提高LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的循环性能和倍率性能,采用在底液中添加纳米Al2O3的方法,在氢氧化物共沉淀法制备前驱体过程中进行铝元素掺杂,并考察了铝掺杂量对材料形貌和电化学性能的影响。电化学性能测试结果表明,当铝掺杂量为0.02(n Al:∶n Li=0.02)时,在电压范围2.7~4.2V和0.2C倍率下,循环50次后容量保持率高达95.7%,高于未掺杂的81.5%,同时材料的倍率性能也明显提高。     

RuO2/聚吡咯复合电极的制备及性能

通过热分解法及电化学聚合法的复合工艺制备了RuO2/聚吡咯(PPy)电极材料。使用涂覆热分解法于260℃热处理3h制备得RuO2薄膜,通过电化学聚合法把PPy粒子沉积在RuO2薄膜上。XRD表明该复合物为非晶相;红外光谱测试揭示了相对应离子结合在复合物中;SEM揭示了PPy粒子的增长规律。循环伏安及恒流充放电测试了该复合电极的电化学性能。沉积时间<25min时,复合电极的电容量与沉积时间呈递增关系;沉积时间>25min时,复合电极的电容量与沉积时间呈递减关系。复合电极的比电容则随沉积时间的增加而减小。沉积时间为25min时,其比电容为471F/g。RuO2/PPy电极循环稳定性较好。     

涂覆热分解与电化学聚合法制备聚苯胺/RuO2复合电极材料

通过涂覆热分解法并结合电化学聚合法制备得到聚苯胺(PANI)/RuO₂电极材料。使用涂覆热分解法于260℃热处理3 h制备RuO₂薄膜, 通过电化学聚合法将PANI粒子沉积在RuO₂薄膜上, 并在80℃加热12 h。采用XRD分析PANI/RuO₂复合物晶相, 采用SEM观察PANI/RuO₂复合电极材料的形貌变化。利用循环伏安及恒流充放电测试了该复合电极的电化学性能。结果表明, PANI沉积时间为25 min, 该PANI/RuO₂复合电极的最大电容量为9.72 F, 比电容为452 F·g^-1, 充放电曲线体现了较低的电压降、等效串联电阻及良好的充放电性能。经1000次循环伏安后, 其比电容损失约为11%。     

TiO2 /BiFeO3薄膜中增强的磁性和铁电性能

为改善铁酸铋(Bi Fe O3)薄膜的铁电性能,通过溶胶-凝胶和磁控溅射的方法在Au/Pt/Cr/Si基底上制备了Ti O2/Bi Fe O3(Ti O2/BFO)和Bi Fe O3薄膜.采用扫描探针显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、铁电测试仪和物理性能测量仪对薄膜进行了物性表征.实验结果表明:Ti O2阻挡层抑制了BFO薄膜表面缺陷的形成,提高了复合薄膜的绝缘性能,使Ti O2/BFO薄膜中泄漏电流明显降低,且导电机制由欧姆型向空间电荷限制传导型转变.此外,溅射Ti O2阻挡层破坏了BFO表面的螺旋结构,使Ti O2和BFO之间晶格失配而产生界面应力,提高了薄膜的磁电性能.在顶电极和铁电层之间引入阻挡层是提高BFO薄膜磁电性能的一种有效方法.     

Al2O3包覆锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2的改性研究

采用氢氧化物共沉淀法合成LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料,对产物进行X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及电化学性能分析,结果表明,LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2在0.5C下的循环性能和倍率性能较差,100次循环后,Li+的嵌入/脱嵌的界面阻抗(Rf)和电荷转移阻抗(Rct)迅速增加,极化增大。为改善其电化学性能,以尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀法,在LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2表面包覆不同比例Al2O3包覆层,研究其对LiNi0.8-Co0.1Mn0.1O2电化学性能的影响。在所有的样品中,1%Al2O3包覆LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2具有最优的六方晶型α-NaFeO2层状结构和最低的阳离子混排度。SEM和TEM图表明无定形透明多孔Al2O3包覆层均匀地包覆在LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2表面。与纯相相比,1%Al2O3包覆LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2具有较好的电化学性能,包括相对较高的首次放电容量189.56mAh·g-1、最高的首次库伦效率87.95%、较好的循环性能和倍率性能。循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗(EIS)结果表明,LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2电化学性能得到提高是由于Al2O3包覆层可以抑制电解液与正极副反应的发生,从而减小循环过程中界面阻抗值和电荷转移阻抗值的增大。     

超级电容器高比容(RuO_2/SnO_2)·nH_2O复合薄膜电极的研究

采用电沉积工艺制备超级电容器用钽基(RuO2/SnO2)·nH2O复合薄膜,研究了初始沉积液中Sn2+与Ru3+浓度比以及热处理对制备(RuO2/SnO2)·nH2O复合薄膜性能的影响.借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱对薄膜的形貌和物相进行分析,用循环伏安法(CV)对该复合薄膜电容特性进行了测量.结果表明,以沉积液中Sn2+与Ru3+浓度比为2:1时电沉积出的样品,在温度为300℃、热处理2.5h后所制备出的复合电极薄膜材料的比电容达到385F/g.     

Co3O4/还原氧化石墨烯复合物的合成及其结构与性能表征

用回流法以及后续热处理过程合成了Co3O4/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)复合物。并对样品的成分、形貌、结构以及电化学性能进行了表征与测试。研究结果表明,当Co3O4与rGO的质量比为87∶13时,复合物比电容达到760F.g-1,并且此复合物表现出较好的循环稳定性。     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Thermoelectric power of single-phase samples of Tl2CaBa2Cu2O y and Ba2CaSr2Cu2O y

Single-phase 2122 samples of thallium and bismuth superconductors were made by the precursor matrix method. The thermopower of these samples was measured in the temperature range 250 K-T _c . The thermopower was positive and decreased linearly with increasing temperature aboveT _c (onset). The exponential enhancement of thermopower seen in the undoped and doped YBCO was not observed in these samples. The linear variation of thermopower can be explained on the basis of either a two-band model or a narrow band model.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.