高效碳量子点/BiOCl纳米复合材料用于光催化污染物降解

为了克服单纯BiOCl光谱吸收范围窄和载流子复合几率高的缺点, 本研究制备了一种具有高效光催化活性的碳量子点(CQDs)/BiOCl纳米复合材料。光催化降解罗丹明B染料实验表明CQDs/BiOCl纳米复合材料的光催化性能远优于单纯的BiOCl, 其光催化性能约为后者的3.4倍。当CQDs的复合量为7.1wt%时, 样品的光催化性能最佳, 能够在2 min之内将罗丹明B完全脱色, 而单纯的BiOCl在相同时间内对罗丹明B的降解率仅为29.5%。通过紫外-可见漫反射谱、光电化学测试以及自由基捕获实验揭示了CQDs/BiOCl纳米复合材料的光催化性能提升机理, 结果表明CQDs可以拓展BiOCl的可见光吸收范围, 这有利于增强其光捕获能力以及促进电子-空穴对的产生。除此之外, CQDs独特的上转换发光行为, 以及光诱导的电子转移能力提升了CQDs/BiOCl纳米复合材料光催化性能。     

高效碳量子点/BiOCl纳米复合材料用于光催化污染物降解（英文）

为了克服单纯BiOCl光谱吸收范围窄和载流子复合几率高的缺点,本研究制备了一种具有高效光催化活性的碳量子点(CQDs)/BiOCl纳米复合材料。光催化降解罗丹明B染料实验表明CQDs/BiOCl纳米复合材料的光催化性能远优于单纯的BiOCl,其光催化性能约为后者的3.4倍。当CQDs的复合量为7.1wt%时,样品的光催化性能最佳,能够在2 min之内将罗丹明B完全脱色,而单纯的BiOCl在相同时间内对罗丹明B的降解率仅为29.5%。通过紫外-可见漫反射谱、光电化学测试以及自由基捕获实验揭示了CQDs/BiOCl纳米复合材料的光催化性能提升机理,结果表明CQDs可以拓展BiOCl的可见光吸收范围,这有利于增强其光捕获能力以及促进电子–空穴对的产生。除此之外, CQDs独特的上转换发光行为,以及光诱导的电子转移能力提升了CQDs/BiOCl纳米复合材料光催化性能。     

利用钛精矿湿化学法合成光催化纳米粉体

利用普通的钛精矿作为起始原料,联合使用浓盐酸浸出及柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法合成一种新型光催化纳米粉体。着重研究了锌离子含量和柠檬酸历肖酸摩尔比对射米粉体的微观结构及其光催化性能的影响。利用化学分析,X射线衍射,透射电子显微镜,紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱,紫外-可见分光光度计对合成粉体的性能进行表征。通过光催化降解甲基橙溶液来评估合成粉体的光催化活性,在高压汞灯／纳米光催化粉体／双氧水体系中,光照60min后甲基橙染料的脱色率达到95％。     

炭吸附共沉淀纳米铁酸钐的制备及其可见光催化性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用炭吸附共沉淀法制备铁酸钐(SmFeO 3)纳米粉体。利用热重分析仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析方法对样品进行表征。以甲基橙(MO)为目标污染物,镝灯为可见光源,研究SmFeO 3纳米粉体的光催化性能。结果表明:炭吸附共沉淀法合成的SmFeO 3粉体粒径小,分布均匀,团聚较少;SmFeO 3的吸收波长发生红移,且SmFeO 3在紫外光、可见光区域的吸收强度增强。炭吸附共沉淀法制得的SmFeO 3粉体在60 min内降解率达到82%,是沉淀法所得SmFeO 3粉体降解率的2.6倍,光催化效果明显增强。     

催化燃烧式甲烷传感器的催化剂担载方法和可靠性初探

利用减压蒸馏、超声浸渍及等体积浸渍三种担载方法制备了Pd/Al2O3燃烧催化剂,制作了催化燃烧式甲烷传感器,并比较了其灵敏度,结果表明等体积浸渍法制备的Pd-Al2O3灵敏度最高。探讨了Pd担载量对灵敏度的影响,当Pd担载量在5～15 wt%范围内,灵敏度随Pd担载量增大而提高。考察了甲烷传感器的抗有机硅中毒性能,随着Pd担载量增大,抗硅中毒能力增强。     

γ-Bi2O3/TiO2复合纤维的制备及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝技术与溶剂热法相结合制备了γ-Bi2O3/TiO2复合纤维光催化材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子能谱(EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和紫外–可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等分析测试手段对材料进行了表征,并以罗丹明B(RB)的脱色降解为模式反应,考察了材料的可见光催化性能.结果表明:γ-Bi2O3纳米片均匀地生长在TiO2纤维上,形成了具有异质结构的γ-Bi2O3/TiO2复合纤维光催化材料,其光谱响应范围拓宽至可见光区,有利于TiO2光生电子和空穴的分离,增强了体系的量子效率.与纯TiO2纤维相比可见光催化活性明显提高,对RB的脱色率达87.8%.     

纳米TiO2/聚酯织物的制备及光催化性能

基于聚合物溶剂诱导结晶(SINC)原理,制得了纳米TiO2/聚酯光催化织物。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)对表面成分和形貌进行了表征,通过甲基橙的降解脱色试验考察了纳米TiO2/聚酯织物的光催化性能,研究了浸渍时间、悬浮液中TiO2含量对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,聚酯织物利用溶剂诱导结晶负载纳米TiO2比直接浸渍负载纳米TiO2的分散性好、活性高,且重复使用性好。溶解时间5s、悬浮液中TiO2浓度0.035 g/mL为最佳实验条件,制得的光催化织物对甲基橙的8h降解率可达95.1%。     

N掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锐钛矿型N掺杂TiO2粉体,通过X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外/可见光漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis)对粉体的性能进行表征.结果表明,N掺杂使TiO2粉体的晶粒细化,禁带宽度减小,光谱吸收阈值波长向可见光区红移至550nm左右.光催化降解甲基橙的实验表明,N-TiO2粉体在普通日光灯下对甲基橙的降解率明显优于纯TiO2粉体.     

钌掺杂TiO2纳米粉体的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ru掺杂TiO_2纳米粉体。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)等测试手段对其进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,评价了不同热处理条件下的粉体在可见光下的光催化活性。结果表明:Ru掺杂对TiO_2纳米粉体的微观形貌没有明显影响,但抑制了TiO_2锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,也抑制了晶粒的长大;Ru掺杂能轻微促进TiO_2表面活性基团TiOH的生成;Ru掺杂未改变TiO_2的吸收边带,但可大大提高TiO_2对可见光的吸收能力;Ru掺杂降低了TiO_2纳米粉体的可见光催化性能。     

微乳液法合成新型可见光催化剂BiVO4及光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO₃)₃、NH₄VO₃为原料,采用微乳液法合成了新型可见光活性的钒酸铋（BiVO₄）光催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM、XPS、BET等技术手段对其进行了表征. 以可见光(λ>400nm)为光源,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了BiVO₄ 的可见光催化性能. 结果表明：采用微乳液法通过调节合成温度,可得到不同晶相的BiVO₄光催化剂. 四方相BiVO₄在低温下首先生成,随温度升高四方相开始向单斜相转变. 可见光催化实验结果表明,四方相和单斜相共混的BiVO₄的光催化效率最高,3h内使甲基橙的脱色率达到99.9%.     

Ag/GaP nanoparticles with photooxidation property under visible light

This article reports the use of Gallium phosphide (GaP) and Ag/GaP nanoparticles, which can harness visible light to decompose organic dye in aqueous solution. The Ag(1.139 wt%)/GaP and Ag(5.225 wt%)/GaP nanoparticles were prepared by the liquid phase reduction of silver nitrate with hydrazine hydrate. The application of X-ray fluorescence and high-resolution transmission electron micrograph morphology has provided direct evidence of the presence of silver on the GaP nanoparticles. Under visible light, the experiments on the photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet in solution over the GaP and Ag/GaP nanoparticles were carried out. The results reveal that small size and number density of Ag domains deposited on GaP nanoparticles have enhanced photocatalytic efficiencies, as compared to large size and number density of Ag domains. This study suggests the potential of both GaP and Ag/GaP nanoparticles as photofunctional materials for waste-water cleaning.     

Sensing of H2O2 at low surface density assemblies of Pt nanoparticles in polyelectrolyte

Amperometric detection of H2O2 was studied at random arrays of 2.5 nm polyacrylate-capped Pt nanoparticles (NP) assembled in poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride), PDDA, as a function of NP surface coverage. The arrays were assembled by varying the adsorption time of PDDA-modified electrodes in the nanoparticles solution. Pt NP-on-PDDA assemblies exhibited significant sensitivity and stability facing constant anodic polarization and a low limit of detection at small Pt mass in submonolayer coverage. The current output was measured at approximately 0.5 A M(-1) cm(-2)(geom) over a linear range from 42 nM to 0.16 mM H2O2 at a loading of 0.87 microg(Pt)/cm(2) or an estimated coverage of 0.4 of an assumed monolayer, or higher, and decreased with decreasing NP surface density to 0.2 A M(-1) cm(-2)(geom) at a Pt loading of 190 ng/cm. On the other hand, the intrinsic sensitivity measured relative to the real Pt surface area increased with decreasing coverage and reached a significant limiting value of 0.9 A M(-1) cm(-2) real at approximately 190-380 ng/cm(2). The behavior shows a significant effective turnover rate per Pt site and mass (1 A M(-1)/microg of Pt) in loosely packed assemblies, while overlap of individual diffusion fields (of particles or islands) and inaccessibility of some active sites lowers the sensitivity per nanoparticle in densely packed arrays. The reported trend agrees with the behavior of ultramicroelectrode arrays.     

Properties of Gallium Phosphide Thick Films Prepared on Zinc Sulfide Substrates by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was employed to prepare gallium phosphide (GaP) thick films on zinc sulfide (ZnS) substrates by sputtering a single crystalline GaP target in an Ar atmosphere. The infrared (IR) transmission properties, structure, morphology, composition and hardness of the film were studied. Results show that both amorphous and zinc-blende crystalline phases existed in the GaP film in almost stoichiometric amounts. The GaP film exhibited good IR transmission properties, though the ...     

Following the biocatalytic activities of glucose oxidase by electrochemically cross-linked enzyme-Pt nanoparticles composite electrodes

An integrated platinum nanoparticles (NPs)/glucose oxidase (GOx) composite film associated with a Au electrode is used to follow the biocatalytic activities of the enzyme. The film is assembled on a Au electrode by the electropolymerization of thioaniline-functionalized Pt NPs and thioaniline-modified GOx. The resulting enzyme/Pt NPs-functionalized electrode stimulates the O 2 oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and H 2O 2. The modified electrode is then implemented to follow the activity of the enzyme by the electrochemical monitoring of the generated H 2O 2. The effect of the composition of the Pt NPs/GOx cross-linked nanostructures and the optimal conditions for the preparation of the electrodes are discussed.     

Synthesis and solid-state structure of a Pt-Ru-P ternary metal phosphide (PtRuP2) as a carbon nanocomposite

Reactive thermal degradation of Pt(PPh3)(Cl)(mu2-Cl)2Ru(Cl)(eta3:eta3-C10H16)/Vulcan carbon powder composites gives a nanocomposite powder containing nanocrystals of the expected PtRu alloy phase along with nanocrystals of an unknown substance. Yields of the unknown phase increase when PPh3 is added to the composite prior to thermal treatment. The new substance has been identified as a ternary metal phosphide, PtRuP2. Full-profile Rietveld analysis of the XRD pattern of this phase is consistent with a primitive Pm3m cubic unit cell (CsCl-type) having a cell constant of 2.78 A. Fully disordered Pt and Ru atoms occupy the (0, 0, 0) atomic positions with P atoms occupying interstitial sites at the (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) atomic positions.     

Fabrication of PtNi bimetallic nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Platinum/nickel bimetallic nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (xPtNi/CNTs) were synthesised. The fabrication process includes the chemical modification on the graphene surface of CNTs by acid treatment and the subsequent deposition of Pt or PtNi bimetallic nanoparticles with different compositions of Pt (x = 100, 90, 80 and 70 wt%). The deposition was carried out using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent in the polyol method or using poly(amidoamine) dendrimer as a platform and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent to load the metal nanoparticles on the CNT surface. The structures of the produced PtNi/CNT nanoparticles were investigated by ultraviolet absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the composite ratio consisting of 70 wt% of metal content and 30 wt% of CNTs was confirmed by the thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology and the phase identification of the produced PtNi/CNT nanoparticles were investigated by high-resolution scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and XRD measurements. It was observed that the deposited Pt and PtNi bimetallic nanoparticles on the surface of CNTs had average particle sizes of 2–16 nm, when they were prepared from the polyol method. On the other hand, the PtNi/CNT nanoparticles prepared by using a dendrimer as an intermediate had a smaller particle size and more uniform size distribution of the quantum dot size ranged from 2 to 4 nm.     

Properties of Gallium Phosphide Thick Films Prepared on Zinc Sul-de Substrates by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was employed to prepare gallium phosphide (GaP) thick films on zinc sulfide (ZnS) substrates by sputtering a single crystalline GaP target in an Ar atmosphere. The infrared (IR) transmission properties, structure, morphology, composition and hardness of the film were studied. Results show that both amorphous and zinc-blende crystalline phases existed in the GaP film in almost stoichiometric amounts. The GaP film exhibited good IR transmission properties, though the relatively rough surface and loose microstructure caused a small loss of IR transmission due to scattering. The GaP film also showed a much higher hardness than the ZnS substrate, thereby providing good protection to ZnS.     

Gallium phosphide nanowires as a substrate for cultured neurons

Dissociated sensory neurons were cultured on epitaxial gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowires grown vertically from a gallium phosphide surface. Substrates covered by 2.5 microm long, 50 nm wide nanowires supported cell adhesion and axonal outgrowth. Cell survival was better on nanowire substrates than on planar control substrates. The cells interacted closely with the nanostructures, and cells penetrated by hundreds of wires were observed as well as wire bending due to forces exerted by the cells.     

Polyelectrolyte functionalized carbon nanotubes as a support for noble metal electrocatalysts and their activity for methanol oxidation

A highly effective polyelectrolyte functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA-MWCNTs) was employed for low temperature fuel cell applications. PDDA-MWCNTs were employed as support materials for the in?situ deposition and formation of platinum nanoparticles, via the self-assembly between the negative Pt precursor and positively charged functional groups of PDDA-functionalized MWCNTs. The effect of the functionalization on the deposition and distribution of Pt nanoparticles was investigated in detail. Compared with MWCNTs functionalized by conventional acid-oxidation treatment (AO-MWCNTs), the PDDA-functionalized MWCNTs cause no structural damage on MWCNTs and provide high density and homogeneous surface functional groups for the anchoring Pt nanoparticles. Pt nanoparticles with an average particle size of 1.8 ± 0.4?nm and loading as high as 60?wt% were realized on PDDA-MWCNTs supports. The Pt/PDDA-MWCNTs electrocatalysts show significantly higher electrochemically active surface area and higher electro-catalytic activity for methanol oxidation than that of Pt/AO-MWCNTs and E-TEK Pt/C electrocatalysts.     

Rapid synthesis of cubic Pt nanoparticles and their use for the preparation of Pt nanoagglomerates

We report the synthesis of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized cubic Pt nanoparticles by NaBH4 reduction of H2PtCl6 in aqueous CTAB solution. These Pt nanoparticles (average size of 7 nm) were well dispersed in aqueous solution and stable at least for 2 months. Addition of a trace amount of AgNO3 can alter the morphology of these Pt nanoparticles. More interestingly, the as-prepared uniform Pt nanoparticles were further developed into bigger Pt nanoagglomerates (approximately 20 to 47 nm) by a seed-mediate growth process. Dentritic and spherical Pt nanoagglomerates can be synthesized by altering the incubation time and their size can be tuned by controlling the amount of the seeds added.