硝基苯甲酸异构体的气体色谱分析

采用ＯＶ－１０１毛细管柱分离邻，间、对硝基苯甲酸衍生物对硝基甲苯的混合物。采用内标法，以８－羟基喹啉为内标物，对对硝基苯甲酸合成样品作了定量分析。     

邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯合成新工艺研究

提供了一种环境友好的合成工艺制备香料邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯。以邻硝基苯甲酸为原料,经酯化反应合成了邻硝基苯甲酸甲酯,收率88%,然后在雷尼镍存在下催化加氢制得邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯,收率80%,产品纯度大于98%。该工艺不仅收率高于邻硝基苯甲酸还原酯化法,而且消除了采用硫化钠或铁粉还原产生的废水。     

增塑剂对硝基苯甲酸异辛酯合成新工艺

以对硝基苯甲酸和异辛醇为原料,采用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成对硝基苯甲酸异辛酯,设计了四因素、三水平的正交实验,考察了影响反应的各种因素。实验结果表明,酯化反应的最佳条件:对硝基苯甲酸∶异辛醇=1∶2、催化剂用量为反应物酸质量的1.0%、回流温度、反应时间6 h,反应原料酸质量为0.10 mol时,带水剂甲苯40 mL,产率可达95.5%。     

苯甲酸衍生物的合成

本文介绍了对氨基苯甲酸、3-硝基-4-氨基苯甲酸、3-硝基-4-(甲酰氨基)苯甲酸和3,4-二氨基苯甲酸的制备,应用于制造酸性染料及活性染料。     

关于回收和使用对硝基苯甲酸与对硝基苯胺的试验

一、前言对硝基苯甲酸、对硝基苯对胺是我厂生产的联苯胺代用品——4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺的主要原料,根据目前工段投料量来看,对硝基苯甲酸比理论量过量20％,再加上未参加反应的,共计大约在25～30％左右。为了充分利用原料,降低原料成本,减少三废排放。为此,我们工段生产的缩合物进行了观察,发现此母液中确实含有较多的对硝基苯甲酸和其它一些杂物。为了摸清母液中对硝基苯甲酸含量的数据及回收方法,因此,我们对工段缩合物母液进行了一些探索试验。我们做了对硝基苯甲酸的回收试验,并对回收的对硝基苯甲酸进行酰化、缩合、还原、合成直接染料等,基     

邻硝基对甲酚气相色谱测定方法的研究

本文提出了用气相色谱测定邻硝基对甲酚含量的方法。采用氢火焰离子化检测器,PBOB液晶作固定液,邻硝基苯酚为内标物,用内标工作曲线法进行定量。并对色谱条件的选择、方法的精密度和回收率也进行了讨论。     

从副产物邻硝基苯甲酸生产邻氨基苯甲酸

介绍了利用邻硝基苯甲醛生产中产生的副产物邻硝基苯甲酸,在氯化铵存在下,经硫化碱还原制备邻氨基苯甲酸的生产方法,采用离子交换和石灰处理产生的废液,回收邻硝基苯甲酸和氯化氨,使废液循环利用,不仅减少了有毒废水的排放而造成环境污染,还实现了良好的经济效益。     

苯磺酸催化合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯

以苯磺酸为催化剂 ,实现了对硝基苯甲酸与乙醇反应合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯。最佳反应条件 :以 0 .0 2 5 mol对硝基苯甲酸为准 ,n(对硝基苯甲酸 )∶ n(乙醇 ) =1∶ 4,催化剂用量为 1 .2 g反应 4h,反应温度 78～ 82°C,产率达 98.6 %。     

对硝基苯乙酮生产中废渣的回收

提供了从对硝基苯乙酮生产中的废渣回收对硝基苯甲酸的一种简便方法,且具有较大的经济价值。将废渣溶解于碱溶液中,通过析晶分离得对硝基苯甲酸钠盐,经重结晶精制后中和得纯度99％以上的对硝基苯甲酸,收率在72％左右。     

响应面法优化微波辐射合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯

采用微波辐射方法,对硝基苯甲酸与乙醇作原料,三氯化铝作催化剂合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯。研究了醇酸比、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、催化剂用量对产物收率的影响。在单因素实验基础上,固定微波辐射功率400W,利用响应面法优化对硝基苯甲酸乙酯合成工艺。得到最佳工艺条件:醇酸比为5.2:1、微波辐射时间为9.8min、催化剂用量为对硝基苯甲酸质量的17.4%,收率达92.08%。产品结构经红外表征。     

DUO-ICP-AES测定精对苯二甲酸中的钴、铬、铁、锰、钼、镍、钛

采用DUO-ICP-AES同时测定精对苯二甲酸中钴、铬、铁、锰、钼、镍、钛,并对仪器的分析线选择、背景校正、入射功率、雾化器压力、辅助气流量、冷却气流量、蠕动泵转速的影响及共存元素的干扰、硝酸铯灰化助剂等因素进行了详细的研究。方法的检测限:钴0.0097 mg/L;铬0.0021 mg/L;铁0.0078 mg/L;锰0.0012 mg/L;钼0.0027 mg/L;镍0.016 mg/L;钛0.0027 mg/L,回收率和精密度分别为93.0%～99.5%和0.37%～3.2%。该方法快速简便,具有良好的精密度和准确度,适用于进出口精对苯二甲酸的日常检验。     

Pd-, Ni-, Fe-, and Co-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings Using Functionalized Zn-, Mg-, Fe-, and In-Organometallics

The development of new methods for preparing polyfunctional organometallics has made a broad range of such reagents available for various transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings. An overview of the most general preparation methods will be presented. Applications to practical cross-coupling procedures will be covered, emphasizing the functional group compatibility and the reaction scope.     

Preparation, Characterization, and Microwave Properties of RETiNbO6 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, and Yb) Dielectric Ceramics

Microwave ceramic dielectric resonators (DRs) based on RETiNbO₆ (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, and Yb) have been prepared using the conventional solid-state ceramic route. The DR samples are characterized using XRD and SEM methods. The microwave dielectric properties are measured using resonant methods and a net work analyzer. The ceramics based on Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm have dielectric constants in the range 32–54 and positive coefficient of thermal variation of resonant frequency (τ_f). The ceramics based on Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, and Yb have dielectric constants in the range 19–22 and negative τ_f.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡、镍含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡、镍的含量.用体积比为3∶1的浓硝酸和浓盐酸微波溶解样品,研究了样品的消解方法、消解介质、分析谱线及工作参数等对检测结果的影响.方法的检测限(mg/L):铅0.06、镉0.009、铬0.002、汞0.04、砷0.02、硒0.01、钡0.0...     

ICP-OES测定大量元素水溶肥料中锌、镁、铜、铁、锰、钼、硼含量

采用ICP-OES对大量元素水溶肥料中微量元素锌、镁、铜、铁、锰、钼、硼进行分析,研究确定了最佳分析条件。加标回收率为96.94%～106.2%,RSD为0.50%～1.40%,检出限为0.001 8～0.218 0 mg/L,方法简便、快速、准确。     

Antiferroelectrics: History,fundamentals, crystal chemistry,crystal structures,size effects,and applications

Antiferroelectric (AFE) materials are of great interest owing to their scientific richness and their utility in high-energy density capacitors. Here, the history of AFEs is reviewed, and the characteristics of antiferroelectricity and the phase transition of an AFE material are described. AFEs are energetically close to ferroelectric (FE) phases, and thus both the electric field strength and applied stress (pressure) influence the nature of the transition. With the comparable energetics between the AFE and FE phases, there can be a competition and frustration of these phases, and either incommensurate and/or a glassy (relaxor) structures may be observed. The phase transition in AFEs can also be influenced by the crystal/grain size, particularly at nanometric dimensions, and may be tuned through the formation of solid solutions. There have been extensive studies on the perovskite family of AFE materials, but many other crystal structures host AFE behavior, such as CuBiP₂Se₆. AFE applications include DC-link capacitors for power electronics, defibrillator capacitors, pulse power devices, and electromechanical actuators. The paper concludes with a perspective on the future needs and opportunities with respect to discovery, science, and applications of AFE.     

水镁石、水菱镁石和斜方云石资源、加工与应用

对水镁石、水菱镁石和斜方云石资源及其加工和应用进行了评述。包括上述资源的发展历史、化学组成和物性参数、资源储量和矿石品位、生产加工以及在不同领域(如镁质阻燃剂、中和剂、重金属离子脱除剂、镁肥、饲料添加剂等)的应用,并对它们的发展前景进行了展望。     

Continuous solvent extraction of sunflower,seed, groundnuts,palmkernels, rapeseed,and copra

In principle, the oil milling process is straightforward. The wide variety of equipment in use reflects, however, a multiparametric process. The main limiting parameters are kind of seed, oil content, particle strength, particle structure, temperature, moisture, particle size, residence time, mechanical forces, etc. Additionally, the seed specific parameters vary not only between kinds of seed but also for the same seed, due to different conditions in climate, soil, and harvesting. Therefore, equipment design must be widely based on statistical averages of the limiting parameters. In other words, exact precalculation of the single technological steps is impossible. As a consequence, for more than 5,000 years, the oil milling process has been in the stage of being optimized. The acutal technical standard is very satisfying, but there is still a strong need for further research and development. Currently, as in the past, the oil milling process seems to be not so much a science as an art.     

THERMOPLASTIC,FLEXIBLE, AND RECYCLABLE COMPOSITES,DESIGN, PREPARATION,AND CHARACTERIZATION

Glass fiber reinforced composites based on thermosets are the traditional materials used for many applications due to their good mechanical properties. The non-recyclability of these materials has led to the necessity to develop thermoplastic composites and industrial processes for their manufacture [1]. The present paper deals with the preparation of thermoplastic pre-pregs unidirectionally reinforced with Twarn® and their mechanical characterization.     

二苯并（2，3，2＇，3＇，bg）－1H，6H，1，4，6，9－四氮－5－钛螺环［4，4］－5，5－二氯化物

ｏ－苯二胺与四氯化钛反应合成聚合物的模型化合物钛杂咪唑啉。该化合物经元素分析、红外光谱、质谱测试。