Rare Earths, Niobium and Tantalum Minerals in Bayan Obo Ore Deposit and Discussion on Their Genesis

Bayan Obo ore deposit is endowed with and lie hidden in the Proterozoic strata. The localities and occurfences of the minerals in the ore deposit were described. It is obviously that some minerals are strata minerals and some are post-strata minerals. The rare earths, niobium and tantalum minerals are exactly the post-strata minerals. In these minerals the hydrothermal metasomatic phenomena distinctly reveal their metallogenic characteristics. According to tectonic movement, magma activity, mineral paragenesis, hydrothermal metasomatism, geological age and lasting time-scale of metallogenesis, and some other factors, it is supposed that genesis of rare-earths, niobium and tantalum minerals in Bayan Obo ore deposit are closely related with hydrothermal metallogenic solution which is differentiated from silica acid and carbonic acid magma and derived from deep seated source, and then intruded into Proterozoic strata and metasomatized. It is recognized that the metallogenesis of Bayan Obo ore deposit is undergoing a long geological period and many episodes.     

Recovery Behavior of Rare Earth from Bayan Obo Complex Iron Ore

A novel process is presented for recovering rare earth from Bayan Obo complex iron ore. The iron ore was reduced and melting separated to produce iron nugget and rare-earth-rich slag. In order to investigate the influence of cooling rate on mineral components, especially the enrichment behavior of RE-containing mineral, the slag was remelted at 1673 K (1400 °C) and the liquid slags were cooled using three types of cooling conditions, water quenching, air cooling, and furnace cooling. Subsequently, the slags were leached by hydrochloric acid to evaluate the relations between leaching efficiency of rare earth and cooling conditions. The results indicated that the slags under different cooling conditions mainly contained fluorite, cefluosil, and cuspidine. The rare-earth mineral is more fully crystallized when the cooling rate of the liquid slag was decreased. The proportion of Ce (III) to Ce (IV) increases with the increase of heating time and decrease of cooling rate. It has been found that the influence of cooling rate on the leaching rate of the rare earth is slight. From water quenching to furnace cooling, the leaching rate of rare earth increases from 97.00 pct to 99.48 pct. After being filtered, filtrate can be used to produce rare-earth chloride. Leached residue, with CaF₂ of 64.45 pct and ThO₂ of 0.05 pct, can be used to recover CaF₂ and extract nuclear source material.     

Geochemical Characteristics of a Carbonatite Dyke Rich in Rare Earths from Bayan Obo, China

Since the discovery of the carbonatitedykes at Bayan Oho of inner Mongolia, Chi..[l], more and more evidence from geologicaland geochemical investigations reveal that theore-hosted dolomite marble of the Bayan OboRE-Nb-Fe giant mineral deposit is similar tocarbonatite in origin['~7]. Although it is notfully clear at present whether there is a realpetrogenetic linkage between the formation ofthe ore deposit and the intrusion of the carbonatite dykes, there is no doubt that the studiesof the …     

从白云鄂博稀土资源开发利用谈稀土再认识

本文回顾了白云鄂博主、东矿体的发现、勘探和开采历史,总结了白云鄂博稀土矿的选矿和冶炼分离工艺的研究和工业实践过程,概述了稀土功能材料的科研开发历程,指出白云鄂博矿资源研究和综合利用与我国稀土工业的产生和发展有着紧密联系,并提出了稀土行业当前与未来发展中需要进一步认识的问题。     

碳热还原白云鄂博稀选尾矿试验研究

文章采用正交试验考察反应温度、反应时间和料层厚度对碳热还原白云鄂博稀选尾矿的影响。结果表明,采用高挥发分含量的焦粉,有利于获得高金属化率的还原稀选尾矿。影响还原稀选尾矿金属化率的主次因素依次为还原温度、还原时间和料层厚度,最佳试验条件为:采用挥发分含量12.6%、粒度0~2 mm的焦粉做为还原剂,反应温度1 000℃、时间4.5 h、料层厚度10 mm。     

含铌尾矿中铁与铌的分离与回收

在热力学分析的基础上,通过碳热还原和磁选分离对白云鄂博含铌尾矿中铁的回收与铌的富集进行探索性研究。结果表明,在1 000~1 100℃下,以碳为还原剂进行焙烧可以对含铌尾矿中的铁氧化物进行选择性还原。1 100℃焙烧0.5h并经湿磨后在50mT的磁场强度下磁选,可实现铁精粉与含铌矿物的分离。磁选所得铁精粉中铁品位为84.82%,铁收得率为81.95%,磁选尾矿中铌品位为1.98%,铌回收率达到95%以上。     

Recovery of Ultra-Fine Iron Ore from Iron Ore Tailings

Many attempts has been taken for further utilisation of the tailings and slimes through different routes i.e. beneficiation, agglomeration etc. Though the slimes and tailings contain huge ultra fines, conventional beneficiation methods many not be much effective for handling because of particle size limitations. Physicochemical method i.e. selective flocculation is a process for handling the ultrafine particles present in the tailings. Review shows that selective flocculation technique have very limited commercial application. Here the study focuses on the application of selective flocculation process for beneficiation of synthetic mixtures of iron ore and kaolinite as well as iron ore tailings. Results show that it is possible to achieve 65.78(%) of Fe, with 2.65% Al₂O₃, 3.66 SiO₂ (%) in the concentrate using synthetic mixture feed and more than 60% of Fe is obtained from natural iron ore tailings.     

稀有金属富集渣中稀土和钪的提取

采用低温酸化—水浸工艺处理某稀有金属富集渣,考察了各因素对稀土和钪浸出率的影响,得到了优化试验条件:酸化温度130℃、酸料比1.4∶1、酸化时间24h、浸出液固比5∶1、浸出温度35℃、浸出时间3h,在此条件下,稀土浸出率85.92%,钪浸出率97.43%。     

从某钾长石尾矿中提取稀土和铌工艺研究

某钾长石选矿尾矿中稀土矿物主要由独居石、氟碳钙铈矿、褐帘石和氟碳铈矿等组成,铌矿物主要由铌铁矿和铌铁金红石组成,稀土和铌矿物矿物粒度细,且多与其他矿物紧密共生,REO含量0.52%,Nb2O5含量0.19%。采用硫酸焙烧—水浸工艺提取选矿尾矿中稀土和铌,研究了酸用量、焙烧时间和温度、浸出温度和时间等对稀土和铌浸出率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:硫酸与尾矿质量比2∶1、300℃焙烧2h、浸出液固比L/S=3、80℃水浸出2h,稀土和铌浸出率分别达到83.3%和75.9%。     

从废稀土荧光粉中酸浸回收稀土的研究

从稀土荧光灯生产工艺过程产生的废稀土荧光粉中酸浸出稀土的实验结果表明,酸浸出法能够浸出废稀土荧光粉中的稀土。与用盐酸和硝酸浸出相比,用硫酸浸出废稀土荧光粉中稀土的浸出率较高,从技术、经济及环保角度考虑,优选用硫酸作为从废稀土荧光粉中浸出回收稀土的浸出剂。提高浸出反应温度、增加硫酸浓度和提升浸出器转速,都能提高稀土的浸出率。在温度45℃条件下,用2 mol.L-1硫酸浸出工艺废稀土荧光粉8 h,4种稀土Y,Eu,Ce,Tb的浸出率分别为67.9%,73.1%,66.4%,67.9%,非稀土成分Al的浸出率为39.2%。当升高温度到接近100℃进行硫酸浸出时,4种稀土Y,Eu,Ce,Tb的浸出率分别上升到80.4%,82.2%,81.4%,80.0%,非稀土成分Al的浸出率则增高到86.1%。扫描电镜图像显示废稀土荧光粉浸出前表面较平整,而其浸出渣的表面则有微小的絮状物和粒度变细,表明硫酸浸蚀废荧光粉而使稀土进入溶液中。浸出前后能谱分析显示,废稀土荧光粉浸出渣中稀土的相对含量已大大降低,表明稀土大部分已被硫酸浸出,浸出渣中的不溶物主要是C。     

对某钨尾矿资源的综合回收试验研究

针对某重选尾矿特点,通过系统的试验研究,确定了分选工艺流程,使矿石中钼、铜、锌矿物得到了综合回收,选矿指标先进,为该矿山提高矿产资源综合利用率奠定了技术基础.     

等离子光谱法测定稀土矿石中钍

研究了用等离子发射光谱技术测定稀土矿石中钍的含量,采用碱熔法分解样品,在283.2nm,283.7nm处测定样品,分析范围0.01%～1.00%,RSD＜4%.对不同含量标准样品,经与等离子质谱法对照,结果令人满意.     

回收某硫化矿尾矿中白钨的选矿试验研究

某硫化矿尾矿中含WO_30.41%,其中白钨矿含WO_30.29%,并含有少量黑钨矿。该尾矿粒度较细,矿物基本单体解离,为了综合回收利用其中的钨资源,不造成资源浪费,试验采用"预先脱硫—强磁选富集黑钨—白钨浮选"的工艺流程,综合回收其中的钨矿,白钨浮选流程采用碳酸钠作为调整剂、CMC和水玻璃作为抑制剂、硝酸铅作为活化剂、ZL和GYB作为组合捕收剂的药剂制度。试验结果表明,经过一粗三精二扫的白钨粗选流程和一粗五精三扫的加温精选流程,可以得到含WO_3品位为62.37%,回收率为66.67%的白钨精矿,为该低品位含钨尾矿开发利用提供借鉴。     

白云鄂博氧化矿选矿工艺优化试验研究与应用

在白云鄂博氧化矿石工艺矿物学特征分析基础上,结合白云鄂博氧化矿选矿工艺流程中中磁-强磁选工艺现状,通过中磁给矿与强磁精矿性质分析和强磁精矿反浮选试验研究,提出了优化中磁-强磁选工艺的方案与建议,经实验室试验研究,有效地提高了浮选给矿品位及最终浮选精矿品位。     

Effect of Rare Earths on Precipitation Kinetics of Niobium Carbide in Microalloyed Steel

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从原生钽铌矿细泥中回收钽铌的选矿工艺研究

采用螺旋溜槽一粗一扫-摇床两次精选工艺流程,从低品位原生钽铌矿细泥中回收钽铌,所得钽铌精矿产率0.019%,品位29.10%,闭路回收率可达41.44%,实现了对细粒级钽铌矿的有效回收。     

白云鄂博矿铌钛资源冶炼BT700L钢合金化工艺研究

通过FactSage热力学软件计算和实验室25 kg真空感应炉冶炼BT700L汽车大梁钢,探讨精炼渣对馄 钛合金化的影响规律,并研究稀土貿钛复合合金的加入对钢组织、夹杂物、析出物的影响。结果表明,55%CaO~ 25%Al₂O₃ ~ 15%SiO₂ ~5%MgO,碱度为3.7的精炼渣更加适合BT700L汽车大梁钢的冶炼。添加该精炼渣后,钢水中的Ti和渣中的SiO₂反应,Si被还原进入钢中,钢中Ti含量减少,Si含最提高;实验钢的铸态组织由铁素体和少量贝氏体组成;稀土的加入降低了钢中夹杂物的数量和尺寸,并使钢中析出物更加弥散细小。     

Status of Rare Earths for Agriculture in China

Rare Earths (RE) for agriculture is a very typical application and has already brought good economic benefit to Chinese agriculture and farmers.In this paper, the origin, development, status and the future of RE for agriculture in China were discussed.Firstly, through the researches of RE in the fields of physiological activity, physiological and biochemical mechanism, sanitation toxicology and environment security in 1980's, RE has been extended more widely in agriculture, such as crops, vegetables, forest, wood grass and stock breeding, such as cattle, fish and chicken.Secondly, with using of new techniques that were developed in the "State Ninth Five-Year Plan", the utilization area of RE was expanded to broad agricultural space, such as sunlight converting plastic film, RE fertilizer, RE drought resistant and RE water saving materials and new RE top dressing fertilizer.Thirdly, with the development of the nanometer materials, the techniques and process of nanometer RE materials were focused.Around these kinds of materials, the new seed cover matters, new seed mixed matter and new nanometer fertilizer will appear in the near future, and will produce many updated techniques and improve a new round RE application in agriculture.     

AlCl3脱氟-碳热氯化法提取包钢选矿厂尾矿中稀土

研究了包钢选矿厂尾矿经AlCl3脱氟后加碳氯化焙烧提取氯化稀土的新工艺.系统考察了反应时间、温度和脱氟剂对稀土提取率的影响.结果表明在脱氟剂AlCl3存在下,800℃时氯化反应2h,稀土提取率高达88.6%.采用XRD法分析了不同温度下尾矿碳热氯化2h酸不溶物的物相组成,探讨了AlCl3脱氟-碳热氯化法从尾矿中除氟并提取氯化稀土可能发生的反应.