含硫聚酰亚胺的合成与表征及性能研究

以对氨基苯甲酸为原料,在浓硫酸作用下,与硫代氨基脲反应得到一种二胺单体5-(对氨基苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-胺(PATA),然后与均苯四酸二酐反应得到一种聚酰亚胺目标产物。对二胺单体及聚合物进行了结构表征,通过红外(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1 H-NMR)证实了中间体及目标产物被成功合成。溶解性测试表明:1,3,4-噻二唑的引入有助于提高聚酰亚胺在常用化学溶剂当中的溶解性能。热重分析显示产物的热性能依然良好,5%热失重达到了389℃。     

苯并环丁烯-1-羟甲基丙烯酸酯的合成及其聚合物热性能研究

以合成的苯并环丁烯-1-羟甲基丙烯酸酯(BCBOMA)新单体为基础,通过自由基均聚以及与丙烯酸甲酯(MA)的自由基共聚,合成了均聚物(PBCBOMA)和共聚物(PMA-BCBOMA)。通过核磁共振谱(1 H NMR,13 CNMR)、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)等研究了聚合物的结构和热稳定性能。结果表明,聚合物的开环温度明显降低至170℃;交联后PMA-BCBOMA的分解温度为358℃,显示出良好的热稳定性。     

热致可逆变色胆甾液晶聚合物的制备和光学性能研究

合成了两种胆甾液晶单体,4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯M1和4-{4-[(4-烯丙氧基)-苯甲酰氧基]丁氧羰基}苯甲酸胆甾醇酯M2。将两种单体按一定比例与含氢聚硅氧烷(PMHS)共聚得到了一系列侧链液晶聚合物P1-P6。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1 H NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和X射线等手段对单体及聚合物的结构、液晶性能和相行为进行了表征。通过分析表明单体M1、M2和聚合物为热致胆甾型液晶,聚合物在常温具有选择性反射现象,在升温—降温—再升温的过程中反射波长随温度升高发生蓝移,且聚合物具有良好的热稳定性和可逆变色性。     

单体配比对甲基丙烯酸丁酯/丙烯酰胺共聚物结构和性能的影响

以自由基本体聚合法合成甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)/丙烯酰胺(AM)共聚物。采用红外光谱分析(FT-IR-ATR)、差示扫描量热法分析(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)和万能材料试验机等方法对不同单体配比合成的共聚物结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,随着单体比例的减少,共聚物分子链中AM单元的含量增加,对应共聚物的热稳定性和压缩性能提高。单体BMA与AM的物质的量比为1∶1时制备的共聚物分子链中AM单元的含量较高,物质的量比为1∶1和0.5∶1制得的共聚物有单体残留,影响共聚物的压缩性能。     

耐高温聚苯腈树脂的制备及性能

以芳香二酚(间苯二酚、2,7-二羟基萘、1,6-二羟基萘)、2,6-二氯苯腈和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈为主要原料制备了6种耐高温低熔点型苯腈单体,并利用4,4’-二氨基二苯醚引发聚合。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、差示扫描量热、热重分析、动态机械分析表征了单体和聚合物的结构及性能。结果表明,所合成的苯腈单体产物纯净,熔点在90℃~116℃,加工温度窗口为125℃~155℃。所制备聚苯腈树脂的起始分解温度(Tid)都高于460℃,有限氧指数(LOI)均高于47,表现出了良好的加工性、高阻燃性、优异的热稳定性及高玻璃化转变温度(>380℃)。     

支化苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物合成与结构表征

以α-溴代异丁酸叔丁酯(t-BBiB)为引发剂,二乙烯苯(DVB)为支化单体,经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成支化苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物。用核磁共振(~1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱-多角激光散射(GPC-MALLS)和黏度测试方法对聚合反应过程和聚合物进行表征和分析。结果表明,反应初期生成带有悬垂双键的初级链,在单体转化率达到40%后悬垂双键参加反应生成支化聚合物;随着单体转化率的提高,支化结构更为完善,聚合产物Zimm支化因子变小;同一聚合物样品中,分子质量较高的组分具有相对较高的支化程度,表现出相对更小的Zimm支化因子。     

通过硅氢加成反应制备含硅聚酰亚胺的合成及性能研究

以联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)和烯丙基胺为反应物,合成了N,N’-二烯丙基联苯双酰亚胺,该化合物在氯铂酸催化作用下与1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷通过硅氢加成反应合成了一种新型含硅聚酰亚胺(PI).研究表明:含硅链段的引入有助于提高聚酰亚胺材料的溶解性能和熔融加工性能.各步产物通过红外光谱(FT-IR)与核磁共振(1H-NMR)进行了结构表征,并通过热重分析仪(TGA)、示差扫描热分析仪(DSC)和尺寸排除色谱仪(SEC)对目标产物的热性能和分子量进行了测定研究.     

两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA-b-PDMAEMA的合成及性能研究

以2-苄基三硫代碳酸酯基乙醇为引发剂,在辛酸亚锡催化下引发丙交酯(LA)开环聚合,合成大分子链转移剂PLA macro-CTA,加入第二单体聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA),通过可逆-加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合,得到两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA-b-PDMAEMA。采用核磁共振光谱(1 HNMR和13 CNMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及凝胶色谱(GPC)对合成的共聚物化学结构进行表征,并通过接触角测试和热重分析(TGA)对其进行性能测试。结果表明成功合成了嵌段共聚物且分子量分布指数较窄;引入PDMAEMA链段后聚乳酸的热稳定性和亲水性得到提高。     

羟乙基聚芴材料合成与表征

以2,7-二溴-9,9-二(2-羟乙基)-芴和2,7-双硼酸酯-(9,9-二辛基芴)为单体,通过Suzuki聚合反应合成一种蓝光聚(9,9-二羟乙基-2,7-芴)-2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)(PFOH),采用1HNMR和热重分析对其进行表征,PFOH聚合物具有良好的热稳定性,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、光致发光光谱(PL)表征了聚合物的光物理性能,采用循环伏安法通过计算得知聚合物PFOH光学带隙Eg为2.90eV,EHOMO=-5.46eV,ELOMO=-2.56eV。     

三(4,4',4″-三硼酸-苯基)硼阻燃剂合成与表征

由对二溴苯、硼酸三丁酯、硼酸三甲酯等为原料,合成了三(4,4',4″-三硼酸-苯基)硼(即3BzB-3B),并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和质谱(MS)对产物结构进行了确认与表征。热重分析结果表明,770℃时的失重率为40.2%,具有良好的热性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from