马来松香聚甘油酯的合成及性能研究

马来松香与聚甘油反应,合成了一种非离子表面活性剂马来松香聚甘油酯(PGMRE)。对产品结构进行了红外光谱分析,测定了产品的表面物理化学性能,合成产品临界表面张力为39 9mN/m～46 0mN/m,临界胶束浓度在9 4×10-4mol/L～2 3×10-3mol/L数量级,钙皂分散指数是9 0%～26 7%,与松节油之间的界面张力为8 0mN/m～13 9mN/m,对松节油乳化力为38s～100s,泡沫性能是11mm～65mm,润湿力为70s～102s。系统研究了甘油聚合度对产品表面物理化学性能的影响。并与聚甘油硬脂酸酯(PGSE)和聚甘油异硬脂酸酯(PGISE)的表面物理化学性能进行了比较。结果表明PGMRE是一种性能优良的非离子表面活性剂,可作为乳化剂、破乳剂和缓蚀剂等使用。     

丙烯酸改性松香聚甘油酯的合成及性能研究

以松香为原料，经丙烯酸改性后与聚甘油反应，合成一种非离子表面活性剂丙烯酸改性松香聚甘油酯（PGARE）。对产品结构进行了红外光谱分析。测定了产品的表面物理化学性能，合成产品临界表面张力为41.7-44.6mN/m，临界胶束浓度在10^-9～10^-4数量级，钙皂分散指9．4％－19.6%，界面张力为9．3－12.6mN/m，对松节油乳化力为56－108s，泡沫性能是7－56mm，润湿力为65－92s。对甘油聚合度对产品表面物理化学性能的影响进行系统研究。结果表明PGARE是一种性能优良的非离子表面活性剂，可作为乳化剂、破乳剂、缓蚀剂等使用。     

新型松香基功能表面活性剂的合成及性能

以歧化松香为原料,重结晶提纯得到脱氢枞酸,经酰氯化、酯化、磷酸化、成盐等反应合成四种可分解型的松香基酯表面活性剂（I、II、SAA-III 、SAA-IV）。用红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振（NMR）对四种可分解型松香基酯进行结构表征,并对化合物的临界胶束浓度（CMC）、表面张力（γ）、泡沫性能（FP）和乳化性能（EP）等性能进行研究。四种松香基表面活性剂均具有良好的表面性能：I、II、SAA-III 、SAA-IV的CMC值分别是4.69×10-3 mol/L 、5.15×10-3 mol/L 、2.65×10-3 mol/L和1.71×10-3 mol/L ,对应的γcmc值分别为48.2 mN/m、41.4 mN/m、34.6 mN/m和33.2 mN/m,松香磷酯类化合物的表面性能优于松香酯类化合物;乳化体系（石蜡/水）中分出 10 mL 水的时间分别为11 s、128 s、90和98 s;初始起泡高度分别为16 mm、18.5 mm、18 mm和23 mm,5 min后泡沫高度变化依次为6 mm、4 mm、4 mm和11.5 mm;松香酯化合物II具有优异的乳化性能,而松香磷酯化合物SAA-IV具有优异的起泡性能,但稳泡性弱。松香基酯类表面活性剂I、II的亲水性较弱,浊点温度约在90 °C,而松香磷酯表面活性剂SAA-III、SAA-IV的Krafft点温度约在40°C,且浊点和Krafft点均随碳链的增加而增大。以表面活性剂SAA-III为例,研究了其分解性能,表明其在pH为3和11时,温度140 °C和180 °C时均具有分解性能,表明其是一种可作为提供磷酸根的有机磷源。     

一种新型的松香聚氧乙烯蔗糖酯的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酸松香、聚乙二醇、蔗糖合成了一种新型的松香系列易降解的非离子表面活性剂 ,用IR谱、TGA谱进行结构表征 ,对其表面性质进行了测定和探讨。终产品在pH =8～ 9时 ,FP =2 0 8mm ;在 3 0× 10 -4 mol/L的Ca2 +中 ,DP =85 % ,FP =178mm ,浓度为 2× 10 -4 mol/L时 ,δcmc =3 3mN/m ,浊点 <77℃ ,产品耐温≤ 15 0℃     

松香醇聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐的表面活性

以松香醇聚氧乙烯醚为原料合成松香醇聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠(RAEOS)阴离子表面活性剂,系统研究了环氧乙烷聚合度(n)对产物表面物理化学性能的影响,对产物进行了红外光谱分析并测定了其表面物理化学性能。产物表面张力为35 5～39 4mN/m,临界胶束浓度在10-3数量级,钙皂分散指数为4 3%～8 4%,泡沫性能为120～130mm,润湿力为84～230s。结果表明,所得产物是一种性能优良的表面活性剂。     

表面活性剂的复配及对甲维盐微乳剂物理稳定性的影响

通过测定不同类型的单一及复配型表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶束浓度和表面张力,研究了它对w(甲维盐)=1％的微乳剂物理稳定性的影响。膦酸酯类阴离子表面活性剂A的临界胶束浓度为1．79×10-4 mol／L,表面张力为28．90 mN/m;苄基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段型非离子表面活性剂B(EPE型)的临界胶束浓度为 1.91×10-4 mol/L,表面张力为20．70 mN/m;按m(A):m(B)=2:3形成的复配型表面活性剂2#的水溶液的临界胶束浓度为9．30×10-5 moL/L,表面张力为25．66 mN/m。当w(2#)=10％时,配制w(甲维盐)=1％的微乳剂物理稳定性最佳,各项指标均合格。     

季铵盐双子表面活性剂的合成和表面活性

以吗啉和溴代烷为原料,合成了两种季铵盐双子表面活性剂(m-6-m,m=10,12),并用IR和1HNMR表征了其结构。测得28℃时,12-6-12和10-6-10的表面张力(γCMC)分别为26.45 mN/m和25.55 mN/m;临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为1.0 mmol/L和3.1 mmol/L;pC20值分别为3.48和3.03;比表面过剩(Γmax)分别为2.72×10-6mol/m2和2.80×10-6mol/m2;分子最小截面积(Amin)分别为0.611 nm2和0.593 nm2。结果表明,该季铵盐双子表面活性剂与相同离子头基及烷基链的单季铵盐表面活性剂相比,CMC低一个数量级,γCMC相差不大。     

硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚葡萄糖苷的合成及性能

以硬脂酸、单乙醇胺、环氧乙烷、葡萄糖为原料制备了不同环氧乙烷(EO)聚合度的硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚葡萄糖苷类非离子表面活性剂。该糖苷类表面活性剂在烷基和葡萄糖分子之间引入非离子表面活性剂中常见的亲水基团。通过IR和1HNMR对产物结构进行表征,并测试了该类表面活性剂的最低表面张力(γCMC)为30～38 mN/m,临界胶束质量浓度(CMC)为0.01～0.1 g/L。研究了EO聚合度(n)对产品表面物理化学性能的影响,随着n的增加,CMC、乳化性能、吸湿保湿性能均增加。不同聚合度的产物均有很好的泡沫性能和硬水稳定性。     

对-烷基-苄基聚氧乙烯醚羧酸甜菜碱的合成与表面活性

以脂肪酸、苯、二缩三乙二醇为原料,经酰化反应、黄鸣龙还原反应、氯甲基化反应、威廉逊成醚反应、卤化反应、季铵化反应,合成出了3个对烷基苄基聚氧乙烯醚羧酸甜菜碱两性离子表面活性剂。用IR、1HNMR和ESI-MS对产物进行了结构鉴定。用Wilhelmy-plate法测定了30℃时它们在水溶液中的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC)。实验表明,纯水溶液中表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为10-4～10-6mol/L,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC)为27～30 mN/m;随着苯环上长链烷基碳数(n=8、10、12)的增加,CMC分别为1.12×10-4、1.51×10-5、6.21×10-6 mol/L;γCMC分别为27.9、28.4、29.9 mN/m。结果表明,该类表面活性剂具有比较好的表面活性。     

松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以脱氢枞胺为原料合成了一系列松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活件剂,用IR及1H-NMR光谱对产物进行了结构表征,并对该系列表面活性剂的性能进行研究.松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂具有很强的表面活性性能:临界胶束浓度(CMC)在(2.5～5.5)×10-5mol/L,表面张力23.7～30.3 Mn/m,松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂还具有很强的乳化性能及泡沫性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.