基于OMNET++的随机网络编码仿真实现

随机网络编码具备提高无线传感器网络的传输可靠性,降低网络能量消耗等特点,其应用设计缺少网络仿真验证方法。在OMNET++仿真平台上设计了数据包缓存处理机制,并实现了有限域编码运算。在此基础上设计了独立于其他节点模块的随机网络编码模块,将其添加到网络节点模型中。使用该网络节点模型建立传感器网络,在多路径路由方式下,对应用随机网络编码模块前后数据包传输可靠性、延时和有效吞吐量网络特性进行评估,为设计应用随机网络编码提供一种仿真设计思路。     

乘法运算的模拟网络编码中继方法

当前无线网络编码中继采用异或运算和叠加运算实现,该文提出一种基于乘法运算的网络编码中继方案。该方案中继节点对接收到的两个源节点信号直接相乘,然后放大转发,从而实现网络编码。与异或运算的网络编码相比,该方案采用模拟技术实现,降低了中继节点网络编码的复杂度;同时该方案将接收信号与本地信号相乘实现网络译码,译码算法比叠加运算的方案简单。理论分析表明该方案的分集增益与未经网络编码的中继系统相同;仿真结果表明,该方案与现有的网络编码中继协作方案性能相当。     

基于网络编码的双路径组播树生成算法

 为了将网络编码技术引入到全光组播网络中,提出了能够在多项式时间完成的基于网络编码的双路径组播树生成算法.该算法主要包括两大步骤:首先,从给定的组播网络中根据节点间度平衡的原则为源节点和每个目的节点之间确定一条有向路径,从而建立一棵传统有向树并保证有向树中任意节点的出度尽可能小,减少节点之间的关联性;其次,在所建立的传统有向树的基础上,从每一个目的节点到源节点根据冲突回溯原则建立源节点和每个目的节点之间的第二条路径,并保证源节点到任意目的节点间的两条路径为分离路径.算法中包含的约束原则能够保证所建立的双路径组播树包含最少的编码节点,从而使得所建立的组播树支持光域网络编码高效率实现,实现基于网络编码的全光组播并提升全光组播的性能.     

适合全光组播网络的网络编码技术研究

传统的网络编解码算法需要进行线性运算,只适合在电域中实现。而当前全光器件的发展已经能够实现逻辑运算和移位操作。为了将网络编码引入到全光组播网络当中,文章研究了生成网络编码组播树的算法,以及适合于光网络编码的编码向量选取方法,并对所提出的算法进行了仿真分析。结果表明,将网络编码应用于全光组播中能够显著提高组播性能。     

适合全光组播网络的网络编码技术研究北大核心

传统的网络编解码算法需要进行线性运算,只适合在电域中实现。而当前全光器件的发展已经能够实现逻辑运算和移位操作。为了将网络编码引入到全光组播网络当中,文章研究了生成网络编码组播树的算法,以及适合于光网络编码的编码向量选取方法,并对所提出的算法进行了仿真分析。结果表明,将网络编码应用于全光组播中能够显著提高组播性能。     

一种用于光组播冲突解决的节点结构及其调度策略

光分组在核心节点处的冲突解决问题是实现全光 组播分组交换的关键。本文提出了一种新型的解决光组播冲突的节 点结构,用于冲突解决的部分包括输出共享的网络编码模块和光纤延迟线(FDL)环 形反馈共享缓存(FDL-LSFB)模块。网络编码 模块将异或网络编码作为冲突解决方式,利用全光异或门将冲突组播进行网络编码并且改变 编码后分组波长,从而避免波长 冲突。而FDL-LSFB模块由子交换矩阵和FDL缓存组连接成环状,且冲突组 播可从任意子交换矩阵进出缓存模块, 使用少数的FDL可以提供大容量的光缓存、提高FDL利用率。针对FDL-LSFB模块冲突组播调 度问题,为减小缓存时延,设计了最小缓存长度级联控制算法(MLCBST),进而提出冲突光 组播的总调度策略。仿真结果表明,本文提出的组播节点结构和调度策略在降低丢包率(PLP)和减小缓存时延方面具有明显的效果。     

物理层网络编码的调制技术

网络编码理论提高了数据的传输效率,而物理层网络编码进一步缩短了数据交互的时隙,它认为:只要中继节点R采取了恰当的调制解调技术,可以使电磁信号的叠加映射到数字域上的运算操作,实现两时隙交互信息。可见选择恰当的调制解调技术对实现物理层网络编码至关重要。该文从调制技术这一角度出发,综合目前在物理层网络编码中所应用的调制解调技术,对其进行分析总结,并展望了下一步物理层网络编码中调制技术的发展。     

图压缩优化光组播最小网络编码路由

将网络编码和光网络相结合可以有效解决光网络的 带宽资源利用率等问题。然而,在光网络中进行编码操作,又将增加光网的光域运算开销、 复杂度和缓存需求。为了减少光网络中网络编码的操作次数,本文提出一种基于图压缩的方 法优化光网络拓扑结构, 结合智能优化遗传算法(GA)实现组播最大速率的光组播最小编码节点,通过对光网络拓扑结 构中的一类特殊潜在编码节点 进行压缩处理,达到缩小算法搜索空间、排除大量非最优解的目的。仿真结果表明,通过本 文图压缩优化后的光网络拓扑结 构,可以使得现有的智能优化GA在求解光组播最小网络编码路由问题时效率更高,寻找到的 解更优。     

格约简辅助MIMO双向中继网络编码设计

近年来,在无线通信领域受到广泛关注的网络编码技术,允许中继节点对接收到的多路数据流进行适当处理后转发多路数据流的合成信息.MIMO双向中继通信网络中网络编码方法分为两个阶段:两信源节点分别将预发送的数据行格约简辅助(LRA)进行预编码操作,然后发送给中继节点;中继节点利用概率分布特性估计去除噪声的异或阈值区域,利用异或阈值区域对接收到的混合信号进行区域量化处理,并将结果广播给两信源节点.仿真结果表明,本文所提出的网络编码方法比经典的放大转发MIMO双向中继网络编码方法在性能上获得了较大的增益.     

多源多目的模型中网络编码的时延性能分析

研究表明基于无线信道的广播特性,网络编码技术能够显著降低多播通信中的传输时延。多源多播模型中,在任一源节点已知其他源节点信息的条件下,现有传输方案能够确保系统时延最小化。本文在其他源节点信息未知时,对现有多源多目的单中继模型应用网络编码后的时延性能进行分析,并将该模型推广到多中继模型,提出了基于网络编码和机会中继选择策略的MR-OPP-NC方案,并在译码转发机制下,利用中断概率量化了应用网络编码前后的时延性能,仿真表明本文所提MR-OPP-NC方案与未使用网络编码的机会中继方案相比较,能获得显著的时延增益。      

Design of a node architecture for logic-calculation Nased all-optical network coding scheme

Network coding brings many benefits for multicast networks. It is necessary to introduce network coding into optical networks. Nevertheless, the traditional network coding scheme is hard to be implemented in optical networks because of the weak operation capability in photonic domain. In the paper, we focused on realizing two-channel network coding in all-optical multicast networks. An optical network coding scheme which can be realized via logic shift and logic XOR operations in photonic domain was proposed. Moreover, to perform the network coding scheme the coding node structure was designed and the operation principle and processes were illustrated in detail. In the end of the paper, the performance and the cost of different all-optical multicast mode were compared and analyzed.     

改进型SOA-MZI全光异或门的加解密仿真研究

全光加密技术是解决目前光纤通信网的加解密速率瓶颈及物理层潜在的安全威胁的有力保证。针对现有全光异或加解密方案工作速率普遍较低的问题,在传统的SOA-MZI型全光异或门的基础上,利用两段色散互补的G.655单模光纤,并结合一个相位偏移器设计了一种改进型SOA-MZI全光异或方案,以该改进方案作为全光安全处理器在OptiSystem7.0仿真平台上搭建新的全光异或加解密方案,对输入信号比特速率分别为10Gb/s和40Gb/s的加解密方案进行了仿真实验验证。结果表明:基于改进型SOA-MIZ全光异或门的加解密方案可将全光异或加解密速率提高到40Gb/s,并且解密恢复出的明文数据的消光比约可以达到20dB,最大Q值约为25.7,加解密过程不会对通信系统引入额外误码。     

Reconfigurable All-Optical Logic Gates for Multi-Input Differential Phase-Shift Keying Signals: Design and Experiments

Differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals are promising candidate for the long-haul transmission systems. However, the development of the all-optical signal processing techniques for the DPSK signals is still in its infancy, especially the all-optical logic operations. In this work, a general scheme for reconfigurable logic gates for multi-input DPSK signals with integration possibility is proposed. Benefiting from the optical logic minterms developed by two kinds of optical devices, i.e., optical delay interferometers and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), target logic functions can be realized by combining specific minterms together. The scheme is reconfigured by changing the phase control of the delay interferometers or the input wavelengths. The latter approach was adopted in the experimental trials. Although the outputs of the scheme are on-off keying (OOK) signals, the data format is compatible with all-optical decision circuits where OOK format is preferred. Two- and three-input experiments are carried out at 20 Gbit/s with nonreturn-to-zero DPSK signals. Various logic operations are demonstrated, including full sets of two- and three-input minterms, AND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR logic operations where the AND and NOR logic are derived simultaneously and the XOR and XNOR logic are convertible. The optical SNR as well as the Q-factor of the two- and three-input results are measured and compared. It shows that the input powers to the SOAs are critical in achieving good extinction ratio and the Q-factor of logic results degrades when several minterms are combined. The recovery time of the SOAs need to be optimized as well. Finally, the scaling issues of the scheme are discussed.     

Network coding-aware flow control in wireless ad-hoc networks with multi-path routing

In this paper, we study a flow control problem considering network coding in wireless ad-hoc networks with multi-path routing. As a network coding scheme, we use XOR network coding, in which each node bitwise-XORs some packets received from different sessions, and then broadcasts this coded packet to multiple nodes in a single transmission. This process can reduce the number of required transmissions, and thus can improve network utilization, especially if it is used with appropriate network coding-aware protocols. Considering this XOR network coding, we formulate an optimization problem for flow control that aims at maximizing network utility. By solving the optimization problem in a distributed manner, we implement a distributed flow control algorithm that provides the optimal transmitting rate on each of multiple paths of each session. The simulation results show that our flow control algorithm performs well exploiting the advantages of network coding and provides significant performance improvement.     

All-optical OFDM network coding scheme for all-optical virtual private communication in PON

A novel optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) network coding scheme is proposed over passive optical network (PON) system. The proposed scheme for all-optical virtual private network (VPN) does not only improve transmission efficiency, but also realize full-duplex communication mode in a single fiber. Compared with the traditional all-optical VPN architectures, the all-optical OFDM network coding scheme can support higher speed, more flexible bandwidth allocation, and higher spectrum efficiency. In order to reduce the difficulty of alignment for encoding operation between inter-communication traffic, the width of OFDM subcarrier pulse is stretched in our proposed scheme. The feasibility of all-optical OFDM network coding scheme for VPN is verified, and the relevant simulation results show that the full-duplex inter-communication traffic stream can be transmitted successfully. Furthermore, the tolerance of misalignment existing in inter-ONUs traffic is investigated and analyzed for all-optical encoding operation, and the difficulty of pulse alignment is proved to be lower.     

Routing and time-slot assignment in optical TDM networks

Optical time-division multiplexing (O-TDM) networks can provide a finer bandwidth granularity than wavelength-division multiplexing networks, and will play an important role in future all-optical networks. Since optical buffers are expensive, a small buffer size will be the characteristic of O-TDM systems. This paper analyzes the problem of routing and time-slot assignment in O-TDM networks. The results lead to the proposal of a Dijkstra-like shortest-path routing scheme that intends to maximize the performance of an optical network with a small number of optical buffers. Performance evaluation of the proposed scheme is also presented.     

Digital optical networks using photonic integrated circuits (PICs) address the challenges of reconfigurable optical networks

To reduce costs and simplify operations, carriers are deploying flexible optical networks that can be easily reconfigured and managed remotely. This article provides an overview of typical all-optical reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) systems and their associated network issues. We describe a novel digital optical network architecture based on digital ROADM systems, which use photonic integrated circuits (PICs) to overcome many of these issues. Digital ROADM systems use monolithic PICs to integrate over 60 discrete optical components, including lasers, modulators and detectors, into a single pair of optical components, allowing cost-effective optical-electrical-optical conversion at every node. This also allows key functions such as service reconfiguration, add/drop and protection to be implemented in the digital domain, and enables de-coupling of service provisioning from optical link engineering, termed bandwidth virtualization. Finally, key deployment, reliability and operational metrics for PIC-based digital ROADM systems are presented.     

Deflection routing in slotted self-routing networks with arbitrary topology

A deflection routing scheme for small to medium size future all-optical networks with arbitrary topologies is proposed. The proposed scheme assumes only single-bit all-optical processing and no buffers. The primary output selection and the alternate output choices by a packet at each node are encoded in the packet header in order to reduce the signal processing requirement. Additional features such as priority and time-to-live fields have also been defined. The performance of the deflection routing scheme is studied using the AT&T North America OC-48 optical fiber network topology.     

All-Optical-Packet Header and Payload Separation for Unslotted Optical-Packet-Switched Networks

A novel all-optical header and payload separation technique that can be utilized in unslotted optical-packet-switched networks is proposed. The technique uses two modified terahertz optical asynchronous demultiplexers: One is for packet header extraction with differential modulation scheme, and the other performs a simple XOR operation between the packet and its self-derived header to get the separated payload. The main virtue of this system is simple structure and low-power consumption. Through numerical simulations, the operating characteristics of the scheme are illustrated. In addition, the parameters of the system are discussed and designed to optimize the performance of the scheme.     

Novel ultrafast all-optical XOR scheme based on Sagnac interferometric structure

A novel scheme of all-optical XOR is proposed based on Sagnac interferometric structure. Using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as nonlinear medium, the operations of this scheme with 80 Gb/s return to zero pseudorandom bit sequence are simulated correctly with fairly high performance. Through numerical analysis, and by comparison of the performances between 40 and 80 Gb/s operation, parameters of the SOA and the signals are discussed, and this scheme is proved to exceed the speed limitation imposed by carrier lifetime of the SOA. This scheme is potentially capable of XOR operation speed to >100 Gb/s.