变频器供电下异步电动机转子断条故障仿真研究

分析了变频器供电时所产生的谐波对电动机转子断条故障电流信号的影响,基于Matlab／Simulink建立了直接转矩控制变频器供电下异步电动机转子故障系统仿真模型,在变频器不同供电频率下针对电动机转子正常和故障情况进行仿真分析。理论上难了变频器谐波影响下电动机转子故障特征频率的正确性,利用连续细化傅立叶变换和自适应滤波方法实现了变频器不同频率供电下民步电动机转子故障的在线检测。     

基于DSP和LabVIEW的电动机转子断条故障诊断

为了实现对鼠笼式异步电动机转子断条故障的实时诊断,设计了一套以TMS320F2812和LabVIEW为核心的转子断条故障诊断装置。该装置以TMS320F2812为主控芯片,实现对异步电动机定子侧电流信号的采集,通过DSP的串口模块将采集到的信号传送到由LabVIEW构建的上位机信号处理平台。针对定子侧电流信号中工频分量对断条故障特征分量的干扰较大,严重地影响断条分量的识别,LabVIEW处理平台采用自适应陷波器算法对工频信号进行陷波处理,在FFT频谱上实现对断条故障特征分量的识别。实验证明,该装置能够实现对断条故障进行实时监测,并能够在FFT频谱上对断条故障特征分量进行识别。     

基于定子起动电流局域波分析的鼠笼异步电动机转子故障检测

论述了局域波分析方法的基本原理及特点,该方法源于瞬时频率的概念,它能把动态信号的局部特征准确地在时频域内予以描述;分析了异步电动机起动过程中转子故障特征量(1-2s)f1(f1为电网频率)分量的变化规律,提出了基于定子起动电流局域波分析的异步电动机转子故障特征提取新方法并应用到电机故障特征提取中。对实测数据进行处理的结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测出转子故障。     

电流特征分析在异步电动机故障诊断中的应用

在线运行条件下,采集笼型异步电动机的定子电压和电流作为检测电动机故障的状态参数,并对电压和电流信号进行频谱分析,可以准确地检测出包括定子转子断条、绕组匝间短路、轴承磨损等各种常见的故障类型。     

异步电动机故障诊断的小波变换等高图方法

用Morlet小波作为小波基，对异步电动机鼠笼转子故障时的定子电流信号进行多尺度分析，将获得的小波变换系数用等高图表示，从中能清楚地识别出异步电机鼠笼转子不同断条的故障。较基于傅立叶变换的故障诊断，该方法对异步电动机故障的辩识能力有显著提高。     

基于小波包分析的电机转子故障诊断方法研究

针对异步电动机转子断条故障突发率高的原因,开展了基于小波包分析的故障诊断方法研究。通过小波包灵活的时频分析方法捕捉到的特征信号来确定故障信号的突变点和频谱特性,找出其故障特征,该方法为电机转子断条故障提供了一种有效的诊断方法。     

基于旋转不变信号参数估计技术与模式搜索算法的异步电动机转子故障检测新方法

提出一种基于旋转不变信号参数估计技术(Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique,ESPRIT)与模式搜索算法(Pattern search algorithm,PSA)的异步电动机转子故障检测新方法。模拟形成转子故障情况下的定子电流信号并以之检验ESPRIT性能。结果表明:即使对于短时信号,ESPRIT仍具备高频率分辨力,可以准确估计定子电流各个分量的频率;但对其幅值、初相角的估计欠缺准确性、稳定性。随后,采用PSA确定各个频率分量的幅值、初相角。对一台异步电动机完成了转子故障检测试验,结果表明:基于ESPRIT与PSA的异步电动机转子故障检测方法是切实可行的,并且因仅需短时信号即可达到高频率分辨力而适用于负荷波动情况。     

应用矩阵束算法对电机转子断条故障的检测

转子断条故障在异步电机故障中是最为常见的故障之一,针对电动机转子断条和偏心故障诊断的问题,提出了一种应用矩阵束算法对电机转子故障进行诊断检测,同时建立了异步电动机空间矢量表达式及模型。矩阵束算法(Matrix Pencil算法,简称M-P算法)是将采集到的电流信号重构成为Hankel矩阵,对信号和噪声进行奇异值分解,对奇异值进行降序排列,并且部分置零处理,确定阶数并消除信号噪声。通过对理想信号和仿真系统进行分析,结果表明M-P算法不仅可以有效地剔除基频成分和对噪声干扰的抑制作用,能够准确地诊断电动机转子断条和偏心故障的故障程度。     

基于注意力机制改进的SAB异步电机故障诊断

由于电机结构及其运行环境复杂,导致各类故障与故障特征存在较强的非线性关系,单一信号信息含量有限,无法满足诊断需求。针对此问题,以电流、磁场信号为监测信号,提出基于注意力机制改进的支持向量机-自适应提升算法（SVM-AdaBoost,简称SAB）的故障诊断方法。首先,通过希尔伯特变换和快速傅里叶变换提取信号频域特征;其次,通过SAB分类器,对多源样本分别进行训练,获取各子分类器预测结果;最后,基于注意力机制调整权重矩阵参数,对电流、电磁信号进行信息融合,改进SAB分类器以提高故障诊断的准确率。研究结果表明：不同信号对各类故障的敏感程度不同;所提方法可以实现对转子断条故障、定子短路故障、轴承故障的诊断分类,与传统方法对比,该方法明显提高了故障诊断的鲁棒性和准确性。     

采用D-S证据推理的电机转子故障诊断

提出了采用D-S(Dempster-Sharer)证据理论对感应电机转子断条故障进行识别的故障诊断方法.基于小波包变换的频率划分特性,对定子三相电流信号进行小波包分解,利用节点系数的均方根值构建电机转子故障的特征矢量(证据体);利用明氏距离测度构造基本可信度分配函数,求取证据体对转子故障所赋予的基本概率分配函数值,然后根据D-S证据融合规则进行融合处理,实现了对电机转子故障的准确识别.试验结果表明,该方法可实现转子断条故障的可靠诊断.     

基于高分辨率谱估计的早期转子断条故障诊断

以快速傅里叶变换(FFT)为基础的电机电流信号特征分析(MCSA)具有频率分辨率低的固有缺陷,从而严重影响了鼠笼电机早期转子断条故障的诊断性能。为解决这一问题,提出基于高分辨率谱估计的早期转子断条故障诊断方法。首先利用Hilbert变换和离散小波变换对单相定子电流信号预处理,然后采用扩展Prony算法对预处理后的信号进行定性/定量分析。运用该方法对不同故障严重程度、不同负载条件下的3 k W电机稳态定子电流信号进行分析,并与FFT分析结果做对比。实验结果表明,即使在短时数据条件下所提方法仍然能够准确诊断出早期转子断条故障,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

鼠笼电机转子断条故障的定子电流信号平方解调分析诊断方法

受基频频谱泄露影响,经典MCSA方法诊断鼠笼电机转子断条故障时的诊断能力严重依赖于电机负载大小。针对这一问题,提出了基于定子电流信号平方解调制分析诊断方法。首先采用硬件方式对定子电流信号作基于平方解调制的信号预处理,以此消除制约诊断能力的基频频谱泄露,继而对解调后的信号作快速傅里叶变换,然后根据频谱中是否存在特征频率成分判断转子断条故障发生与否。在3 k W电机实验平台上对所提出的方法进行实验验证。实验结果表明,即使鼠笼电机在轻载或空载条件下运行时所提出的方法仍然能够诊断出转子断条故障,从而有效提高了诊断能力。     

Detection of broken rotor bars in induction motors using nonlinear Kalman filters

This paper presents a model-based fault detection approach for induction motors. A new filtering technique using Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is utilized as a state estimation tool for on-line detection of broken bars in induction motors based on rotor parameter value estimation from stator current and voltage processing. The hypothesis on which the detection is based is that the failure events are detected by jumps in the estimated parameter values of the model. Both UKF and EKF are used to estimate the value of rotor resistance. Upon breaking a bar the estimated rotor resistance is increased instantly, thus providing two values of resistance after and before bar breakage. In order to compare the estimation performance of the EKF and UKF, both observers are designed for the same motor model and run with the same covariance matrices under the same conditions. Computer simulations are carried out for a squirrel cage induction motor. The results show the superiority of UKF over EKF in nonlinear system (such as induction motors) as it provides better estimates for rotor fault detection.     

A new diagnosis of broken rotor bar fault extent in three phase squirrel cage induction motor

This paper proposes a new induction motor broken bar fault extent diagnostic approach under varying load conditions based on wavelet coefficients of stator current in a specific frequency band. In this paper, winding function approach (WFA) is used to develop a mathematical model to provide indication references for parameters under different load levels and different fault cases. It is shown that rise of number of broken bars and load levels increases amplitude of the particular side band components of the stator currents in faulty case. Stator current, rotor speed and torque are used to demonstrate the relationship between these parameters and broken rotor bar severity. An induction motor with 1, 2 and 3 broken bars and the motor with 3 broken bars in experiment at no-load, 50% and 100% load are investigated. A novel criterion is then developed to assess rotor fault severity based on the stator current and the rotor speed. Simulations and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed approach.     

Online Detection of Broken Rotor Bar Fault in Induction Motors by Combining Estimation of Signal Parameters via Min-norm Algorithm and Least Square Method

Current research in broken rotor bar (BRB) fault detection in induction motors is primarily focused on a high-frequency resolution analysis of the stator current. Compared with a discrete Fourier transformation, the parametric spectrum estimation technique has a higher frequency accuracy and resolution. However, the existing detection methods based on parametric spectrum estimation cannot realize online detection, owing to the large computational cost. To improve the efficiency of BRB fault detection, a new detection method based on the min-norm algorithm and least square estimation is proposed in this paper. First, the stator current is filtered using a band-pass filter and divided into short overlapped data windows. The min-norm algorithm is then applied to determine the frequencies of the fundamental and fault characteristic components with each overlapped data window. Next, based on the frequency values obtained, a model of the fault current signal is constructed. Subsequently, a linear least squares problem solved through singular value decomposition is designed to estimate the amplitudes and phases of the related components. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a simulated current and an actual motor, the results of which indicate that, not only parametric spectrum estimation technique.     

Novel approach using Hilbert Transform for multiple broken rotor bars fault location detection for three phase induction motor

This paper presents a new approach to detect the location of multiple broken rotor bars (MBRBs) in induction motor (IM) drive, running under no load and full load conditions using direct in and variable frequency drives. This technique is based on earlier work of location detection of one broken rotor bar. The techniques are tested for various fault severity levels so the detection of the exact location of the fault at early stage helps to reach sufficient time maintenance. In this paper, the authors used Hilbert Transform to extract the fault signature from the stator current envelope which is the low frequency component. Then statistical analysis is applied which produce a formula that is used to get the exact location of the fault in IM rotor.     

A validated model for the prediction of rotor bar failure in squirrel-cage motors using instantaneous angular speed

Instantaneous angular speed (IAS)-based condition monitoring is an area in which significant progress has been achieved over the recent years. This condition monitoring technique is less known compared to the existing conventional methods. This paper presents model-predicted simulation and experimental results of broken rotor bar faults in a three-phase induction motor using IAS variations. The simulation was performed under normal, and a broken rotor bar fault. The present paper evaluates through simulating and measuring the IAS of an induction motor at broken rotor bar faults in both time and frequency domains. Experimental results show a good agreement with the model-predicted simulation results. Three vital key features were extracted from the angular speed variations. One feature is the modulating contour of pole pass frequency periods in time domain. The other two features are in frequency domain. The primary feature is the presence of the pole pass frequency component at the low-frequency region of the IAS spectrum. The secondary feature which are the multiple of pole pass frequency sideband components around the rotor speed frequency component. Experimental results confirm the validity of the simulation results for the proposed method. The IAS has demonstrated more sensitivity than current signature analysis in detecting the fault. This research also shows the power of angular speed features as a useful tool to detect broken rotor bar deteriorations using any economical transducer such as low-resolution rotary shaft encoders; which may well be already installed for process control purposes.