铝挤压机固定挤压垫的设计和应用

本文主要讲述了铝挤压机中固定挤压垫的设计和应用，从它的结构形式、工作原理、有限元结构分析方面分别进行了阐述     

固定挤压垫修形方法优化

针对某铝挤压机在挤压过程中出现的铝倒流现象,分析了该挤压机固定垫的受力情况.由于挤压垫达不到预期涨开量,使挤压筒和挤压垫之间产生了间隙,是引起铝倒流的主要原因.采用有限元法模拟挤压垫的工况,再应用位移协调公式计算组合挤压筒的内壁涨开量,对比计算结果并优化相关参数,提高固定挤压垫的设计精度.实践证明,优化后的固定挤压垫使用效果良好.     

75MN铝挤压机固定挤压垫挤压套φ胀量分析研究

本文应用有限单元法，研究目前国内设计生产的最大的铝挤压机关键部件固定挤压垫的结构特性，根据原设计方案和改进设计方案的计算结果和对已制造的36MN挤压机固定挤压垫的校核计算结果，确定出75MN铝挤压机挤压套φ胀量。现场挤压结果表明，该固定挤压垫工作状态良好，达到了预期目标，从而证明了计算的可靠性。     

固定挤压垫挤压技术

固定挤压垫挤压正迅速成为铝挤压生产中的标准工艺,大多数挤压机都可以采用此种技术.本文综述了目前使用的几种不同类型的固定挤压垫以及采用固定挤压垫挤压时需要克服的问题.     

55MN铝挤压机固定挤压垫热—结构分析

在挤压过程中,固定挤压垫承受长时间高温、高压和摩擦作用,工作条件复杂.针对55 MN铝挤压机固定挤压垫,利用有限元软件MSC.Marc建立三维有限元分析模型,将垫体、外套与紧固垫设置为可变形接触体,同时考虑温度影响,应用直接耦合法进行热—结构分析,确定了随工作载荷逐级增加,外套工作面节点径向胀量呈递增趋势,且存在快增、...     

固定挤压垫挤压技术及其有限元结构分析

本文综述了固定挤压垫挤压技术。在国内首先采用有限元进行固定挤压垫结构分析,通过计算分析提供出固定挤压垫的整套设计方法。对固定挤压垫的计算机辅助设计及其与有限元的结合进行了初步探讨。     

90MN铝型材挤压装备关键技术研究

介绍了90MN单动卧式铝挤压机的主要技术参数和结构特点,对挤压机前后梁进行了有限元数值模拟优化分析,得到了前后梁的应力应变分布;对挤压筒进行了热力耦合有限元仿真分析;介绍了液压控制系统的集成技术,介绍了电气控制系统的主要组成。实验表明前后梁应力分布合理,挤压筒受力状况良好,液压电气控制系统稳定可靠。     

基于I-DEAS的挤压机挤压梁优化设计

根据铝挤压机挤压梁的结构和受力特点,利用有限元分析软件I-DEAS建立挤压梁零件有限元模型,并进行了静力学的有限元分析计算,分析了挤压梁零件在最大负荷工作状态下的应力和应变情况,根据结果对挤压梁零件进行了优化设计。通过优化设计,挤压梁零件的最大应力值大大降低,挤压梁零件的结构更加合理。     

国内外固定挤压垫装置评述

对前苏联、美国和日本铝挤压工业开发的固定挤压垫装置进行了评述;介绍了国内研发的铝挤压用固定挤压垫装置。     

连续挤压工模具负载的计算机模拟

作为连续挤压成形零件的模具、挤压轮及堵头所受的成形力分析是其进行结构设计的关键。建立了铝合金扁线连续挤压成形的有限元模型,并应用有限元分析软件DEFORM-3D对铝合金挤压的变形过程进行了三维模拟,获得了铝扁线挤压过程中的挤压模具、挤压轮及堵头所受成形力的行程曲线,该行程曲线对挤压机模具、堵头、挤压轮的合理、优化设计提供依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。