空间自适应正则化超分辨率图像重建

超分辨率图像重建是一个病态问题,在重建过程中需要正则化处理,而正则化重建会引入正则化误差及重建过程中由于病态性而引入的噪声放大误差,且这两类误差均和图像的空间局部特性有关.提出根据图像的局部空间统计特性自适应控制超分辨率图像正则化重建算法,采用图像局部统计方差来区分图像棱边区域及平滑区域,在图像的棱边区域加强图像的约束重建,而在图像的平滑区域加强正则化.实验表明该算法能有效地减小重建误差,算法的信噪比得益优于传统的正则化重建算法及总变分模型重建算法,并且对正则化参数的选择具有一定的鲁棒性.     

高效的图像超分辨率重建参数估计算法

估计正则化参数的有效方法是计算L-曲线的最大曲率,然而在超分辨率图像重建中,计算L-曲线的曲率代价十分昂贵.提出一种基于截断Arnoldi过程的图像超分辨率重建正则化参数估计算法.该方法将超分辨率重建中的系统矩阵进行截断Arnoldi过程的分解,得出简化的Hessenberg矩阵.借助Galerkin方程可将超分辨率重建方程组转化为与Hessenberg矩阵相关的简化方程组,通过Given旋转变换来快速求该方程组的解.给出了计算L曲率的计算公式.该方法能高效得到正则化参数.     

面向人脸识别的矩阵摄动法快速特征重建

视频人脸识别是当今生物识别领域的研究热点。介绍一种新的面向人脸识别的特征重建算法。该算法在开放性视频实时监控系统中,能够快速有效地处理新图像数据库的特征重建问题。算法基于人脸识别的2DPCA方法,利用矩阵摄动和Rayleigh商理论,通过已知数据快速估算出具有很高精度的特征子空间;通过仿真实验,该算法在保证精度的情况下,能够节省大量训练时间,效果较好。     

序列图像中三维空间点的精确重建方法

提出了一种针对序列定标图像的三维空间点精确欧氏重建算法,相对于传统基于代数误差最小化的方法,该算法用几何误差作为优化的目标函数,从而保证了三维重建点在欧氏距离误差的意义下是最优的;该算法是线性的,计算效率高;此外还可以扩展到任意多幅图像的重建中。真实测试图像的实验结果以及与传统算法的比较验证了该算法的有效性和精确性。     

两约束条件正则化的ECT图像重建算法

为提高图像重建的性能,提出了一种以灰度能量最小和图像二阶光滑性为约束条件,合并单位矩阵和位置相关二阶微分算子矩阵,构建正则化矩阵的电容层析成像重建算法。新的正则化算法与目前常用的标准Tikhonov正则化算法不同在于目标函数中的正则化项约束水平随图像单元位置变化,达到在整个成像区获得光滑一致的效果。仿真结果表明,新的算法与标准算法相比较,其重建图像性能得到了改善和提高。     

多帧图像的Tikhonov正则化重建算法研究*

介绍了Tikhonov正则化超分辨率重建算法的基本原理和特点,在原有正则化空域图像复原方法的基础上,根据多帧序列图像之间的互补信息,提出一种改进的正则化空域图像复原的新方法,该算法直接将正则化函数作用于图像超分辨率重建算法的条件概率项内,提高了正则化项的校正效率,并用共轭梯度运算来改善算法的收敛性,节省了图像重建所需的时间。实验和仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,该算法不仅减轻了图像边缘纹理的模糊性,提高了图像的清晰度,而且收敛速度快。     

电容层析成像系统图像重建算法的研究

本文利用Tikhonov正则化和奇异系统理论,分析了引起电容层析成像系统逆问题不适定性的根本原因是由于敏感场矩阵小奇异值的存在。针对一般Tikhonov正则化方法将所有的奇异值都采取同一正则化参数修正带来的误差,本文将小奇异值对应的项设定正则化参数,而舍去零奇异值对应向量,既减少了误差又加快了速度。例算结果表明,用本文方法重建图像,比其它如线性反投影算法(LBP)、Landweber迭代法及一般Tikhonov正则化算法,都有一定程度的改善。     

光谱重建约束非负矩阵分解的高光谱与全色图像融合

基于光谱重建约束的非负矩阵分解,提出了一种高光谱与全色图像的有效解混方法.首先在高光谱图像的非负矩阵分解中引入光谱重建误差最小化的正则项,通过多目标寻优寻找最佳的正则项参数,以鼓励分解的光谱特征矩阵包含更真实的光谱特征;然后对全色图像进行非负矩阵分解,以获得描述图像细节的丰度矩阵;最后利用光谱特征矩阵和丰度矩阵重建得到融合结果.实验仿真结果表明,所提方法的融合结果能在较好地保留全色图像细节的同时,有效地避免光谱畸变,在视觉效果和客观评价方面均优于传统方法.     

一种自适应正则化的图像超分辨率算法

提出一种自适应正则化的图像超分辨率重建算法. 首先, 利用局部残差均值自适应地计算各低分辨率图像通道的权值参数矩阵, 可有效地利用各通道对应区域间的交叉信息; 其次, 利用正则项局部误差均值自适应地计算平衡正则项和保真项的正则化参数矩阵, 能较好地保持图像边缘纹理等信息.实验结果表明本文算法不但具有较高峰值信噪比(Peak signal to noise ratio, PSNR) 和结构相似度(Structural similarity, SSIM), 而且在边缘、纹理等细节区域具有更好的重建效果.     

基于双正则化的图像超分辨率盲重建

图像超分辨率重建是利用数字信号处理技术由一系列低分辨率观测图像得到高分辨率图像。大多数重建算法假设成像系统的模糊特性也即点扩散函数(PSF)已知,然而实际的应用环境下PSF事先不知道或部分知道。为此,将未知PSF模型化,提出基于双正则化的图像超分辨率盲重建算法,并且正则化作用的强度随重建图像局部光滑程度的变化而自适应地改变,以便能保护图像细节同时抑制平滑区域的噪声。求解过程中采用交替最小化方法估计PSF参数和高分辨率图像,并随着迭代次数的增加逐步提高每次寻优的精度以节省计算开销。实验结果表明,该算法能够比较准确地估计出PSF参数并取得较好的图像重建效果。     

A Self-Stabilizing Neural Algorithm for Total Least Squares Filtering

A neural approach for solving the total least square (TLS) problem is presented in the paper. It is based on a linear neuron with a self-stabilizing neural algorithm, capable of resolving the TLS problem present in the parameter estimation of an adaptive FIR filters for system identification, where noisy errors affect not only the observation vector but also the data matrix. The learning rule is analyzed mathematically and the condition to guarantee the stability of algorithm is educed. The computer simulations are given to illustrate that the neural approach is self-stabilizing and considerably outperforms the existing TLS methods when a larger learning factor is used or the signal-noise-rate is lower.     

Spatial Global Sensitivity Analysis of High Resolution classified topographic data use in 2D urban flood modelling

This paper presents a spatial Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) approach in a 2D shallow water equations based High Resolution (HR) flood model. The aim of a spatial GSA is to produce sensitivity maps which are based on Sobol index estimations. Such an approach allows to rank the effects of uncertain HR topographic data input parameters on flood model output. The influence of the three following parameters has been studied: the measurement error, the level of details of above-ground elements representation and the spatial discretization resolution. To introduce uncertainty, a Probability Density Function and discrete spatial approach have been applied to generate 2,000 DEMs. Based on a 2D urban flood river event modelling, the produced sensitivity maps highlight the major influence of modeller choices compared to HR measurement errors when HR topographic data are used. The spatial variability of the ranking is enhnaced.     

A sparse direction-of-arrival estimation algorithm for MIMO radar in the presence of gain-phase errors

In this paper, the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with gain-phase errors is addressed, by using a sparse DOA estimation algorithm with fourth-order cumulants (FOC) based error matrix estimation. Useful cumulants are designed and extracted to estimate the gain and the phase errors in the transmit array and the receive array, thus a reliable error matrix is obtained. Then the proposed algorithm reduces the gain-phase error matrix to a low dimensional one. Finally, with the updated gain-phase error matrix, the FOC-based reweighted sparse representation framework is introduced to achieve accurate DOA estimation. Thanks to the fourth-order cumulants based gain-phase error matrix estimation, and the reweighted sparse representation framework, the proposed algorithm performs well for both white and colored Gaussian noises, and provides higher angular resolution and better angle estimation performance than reduced-dimension MUSIC (RD-MUSIC), adaptive sparse representation (adaptive-SR) and ESPRIT-based algorithms. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.     

Locally affine patch mapping and global refinement for image super-resolution

This paper deals with the super-resolution (SR) problem based on a single low-resolution (LR) image. Inspired by the local tangent space alignment algorithm in [16] for nonlinear dimensionality reduction of manifolds, we propose a novel patch-learning method using locally affine patch mapping (LAPM) to solve the SR problem. This approach maps the patch manifold of low-resolution image to the patch manifold of the corresponding high-resolution (HR) image. This patch mapping is learned by a training set of pairs of LR/HR images, utilizing the affine equivalence between the local low-dimensional coordinates of the two manifolds. The latent HR image of the input (an LR image) is estimated by the HR patches which are generated by the proposed patch mapping on the LR patches of the input. We also give a simple analysis of the reconstruction errors of the algorithm LAPM. Furthermore we propose a global refinement technique to improve the estimated HR image. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency of our proposed methods by comparing these methods with other existing algorithms.     

Minimizing staircase errors in the orthogonal layered manufacturing system

The factors that generally affect the slicing error in layered manufacturing (LM) processes are first analyzed, and issues pertaining to the current methods to deal with the slicing error are discussed in this paper. A method based on a recently developed and implemented orthogonal LM system to reduce the overall slicing error is presented. In this method, the flat region is separated from the stereolithography (STL) model and different processing methods are applied to the different areas in the part geometry. In addition, the mathematical model for calculating the slicing error is derived and an approach based on a genetic algorithm has been developed to optimize the build orientation in terms of minimizing the slicing error. Case studies are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method. Note to Practitioner-The staircase effect has been the major concern for industry to widely adopt rapid prototyping technologies. It will not only worsen the surface quality but also create errors on the parts built. This paper introduces a novel approach to minimizing staircase errors based on a multidirectional deposition approach. A mathematical method combined with a generic algorithm is used to minimize the slicing errors. From the case study given, the approach has been proven to be effective in minimizing staircase errors and thus improving the rapid prototyping (RP) built part quality.     

基于无极卡尔曼滤波算法的雅可比矩阵估计

在基于图像的机器人视觉伺服中,采用在线估计图像雅可比的方法,不需事先知道系统的精确模型,可以避免复杂的系统标定过程。为了有效改善图像雅可比矩阵的在线估计精度,进而提高机器人的跟踪精度,针对机器人跟踪运动目标的应用背景,提出了利用无极卡尔曼滤波算法在线估计总雅可比矩阵。在二自由度的机器人视觉伺服仿真平台上,分别用卡尔曼滤波器（KF）、粒子滤波器（PF）和无极卡尔曼滤波器（UKF）三种算法进行总雅可比矩阵的在线估计。实验结果证明,使用UKF算法的跟踪精度优于其他两种算法,时间耗费仅次于KF算法。     

光学头部姿态跟踪的多传感器数据融合研究

精确的头部姿态跟踪是室内增强现实系统实现高精度注册的关键技术之一. 本文介绍了使用传感器数据融合原理实现高精度的光学头部姿态跟踪的新方法. 该方法使用多传感器数据融合中的扩展卡尔曼滤波器和融合滤波器, 将两个互补的单摄像机Inside-out跟踪和双摄像机Outside-in跟踪的头部姿态进行数据融合, 以减小光学跟踪传感器的姿态误差. 设计了一个典型实验装置验证所提出的算法, 实验结果显示, 在静态测试下的姿态输出误差与使用误差协方差传播法则计算得到的结果是一致的; 在动态跟踪条件下, 与单个Inside-out或Outside-in跟踪相比, 所提出的光学头部姿态数据融合算法能够使跟踪器获得精度更高、更稳定的位置和方向信息.     

A novel adaptive V-BLAST algorithm based on subspace tracking and Hermitian matrix perturbation theorem

A novel vertical Bell laboratories layered space-time(V-BLAST)system with adaptive successive interference cancellation(SIC)detector based on subspace tracking(SST)and Hermitian matrix perturbation theorem is proposed in this paper,and the corresponding optimal symbol detection order operation is obtained.Moreover,asymptotic limit theorems for the detectors are established.The final simulation results verify that the symbol error probability(SEP)performance,the immunity to channel estimation errors and the algorithm convergence rate are superior to that of the conventional V-BLAST detection algorithm when channel estimation errors exist.     

Non-linear measurement feedback H8-control of time-periodic systems with application to tracking control of robot manipulators

In this paper, we propose a practical and effective approach to compute the worst-case norm of finite-dimensional convolution systems. System inputs are modelled to have bounded magnitude and rate limit. The computation of the worst-case norm is formulated as a fixed-terminal-time optimal control problem. Applying Pontryagin's maximum principle with the generalized Karush–Kuhn–Tucker theorem, we obtain necessary conditions which are subsequently exploited to characterize the worst-case input. Furthermore, we develop a novel algorithm called successive pang interval search (SPIS) to construct the worst-case input for general finite-dimensional convolution systems. The algorithm is guaranteed to converge and give an accurate solution within a prescribed error bound. To verify the accuracy of the algorithm, we derive bounds on computational errors including the truncation error and the discretization error. Then, the bounds on the errors yielded by our algorithm are compared with those of a comparative discrete-time method. This suggests that SPIS is deemed to be more accurate, analytically. Numerical results based on second-order linear systems show that both approaches give the worst-case norms with comparable errors, but SPIS requires much less computation time than the discrete-time method.     

Real-Time Implementation of GPS Aided Low-Cost Strapdown Inertial Navigation System

This work details the study, development, and experimental implementation of GPS aided strapdown inertial navigation system (INS) using commercial off-the-shelf low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU). The data provided by the inertial navigation mechanization is fused with GPS measurements using loosely-coupled linear Kalman filter implemented with the aid of MPC555 microcontroller. The accuracy of the estimation when utilizing a low-cost inertial navigation system (INS) is limited by the accuracy of the sensors used and the mathematical modeling of INS and the aiding sensors’ errors. Therefore, the IMU data is fused with the GPS data to increase the accuracy of the integrated GPS/IMU system. The equations required for the local geographic frame mechanization are derived. The direction cosine matrix approach is selected to compute orientation angles and the unified mathematical framework is chosen for position/velocity algorithm computations. This selection resulted in significant reduction in mechanization errors. It is shown that the constructed GPS/IMU system is successfully implemented with an accurate and reliable performance.