Phase transformation behaviors and shape memory effects of TiNiFeAl shape memory alloys

Measurements of electrical resistivity, X-ray diffraction, and tensile test at room temperature and ?196°C were performed to investigate the effects of Al addition substituting Ni on the phase transformation behaviors, the mechanical properties, and the shape memory effects of Ti50Ni47Fe2Al1 and Ti50Ni46.5Fe2.5Al1 alloys. It is found that 1at% Al addition dramatically decreases the martensitic start transformation temperature and expands the transformation temperature range of R-phase for TiNiFeAl alloys. The results of tensile test indicate that 1at% Al improves the yield strength of Ti50Ni47Fe2Al1 and Ti50Ni46.5Fe2.5Al1 alloys by 40% and 64%, but de- creases the plasticity to 11% and 12% from 26% and 27% respectively. Moreover, excellent shape memory effect of 6.6% and 7.5% were found in Ti50Ni47Fe2Al1 and Ti50Ni46.5Fe2.5Al1 alloys, which results from the stress-induced martensite transformation from the R-phase.     

Electronic structure of Ag-Cu alloys

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Damping performance of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys in engineering structures

The stress strain curves of two CuZnAI shape memory alloys which have the martensltic transformation temperatures of 50℃ and-10℃ respectively, were measured by using electronic material tester after treated by different heat-treatment conditions. The results show that the area enclosed by hysteresis loop of the CuZnAI shape memory alloy in martensltic state is much larger than that of the alloy in austenltic state with super-elasticity at room temperature. Therefore, the former has better vibration attenuation effect. After being oil-quenched, waterquenched, and step-quenched, the CuZnAI alloy takes on more stable shape memory effect, better super-plasticlty and superelasticity (pseudoelasticity). A CuZnAI shape memory alloy damper was designed, produced and installedto a 2-layer frame structure. In addition, the vibration experiments were made by dynamic data collecting analysis meter. The velocity of vibration attenuation of frame structure with CuZnAI shape memory alloy damper is much faster than that without it. And with the help of CuZnAI shape memory alloy damper, the attenuation period reduces to 1/10 of the original.     

Thermodynamic prediction of M_s in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys associated with fcc(γ)→hcp(ε) martensitic transformation

By means of X-ray diffraction profile analysis of three different composition Fe-Mn-Si alloys, the relationship between stacking fault probability P_(sf) with the concentrations of constituents in alloys, 1/P_(sf)=540.05 23.70×Mn wt％-138.74×Si wt％, was determined. According to the nucleation mechanism by stacking fault in this alloy,the equation between critical driving force ΔG_c and P_(sf), ΔG_c=67.487 0.1775/P_(sf)(J/mol), was made. Therefore,the relationship between critical driving force and compositions was established. Associated with the thermodynamic calculation, the M_s of fcc(γ)→hcp(ε) martensitic transformation in any suitable composition Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys can be predicted and results seem reasonable as compared with some experimental data.     

Critical driving force for martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→hcp(ε) in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys

By the application of Chou's new geometry model and the available data from binary Fe-Mn, Fe-Si and Mn-Si systems, as well as SGTE DATA for lattice stability parameters of three elements from Dinsdale, the Gibbs free energy as a function of temperature of the fcc(γ) and hep(ε) phases in the Fe-Mn-Si system is reevaluated. The relationship between the Neel temperature of the γ phase and concentration of constituents in mole fraction, is fitted and verified by the experimental results. The critical driving force for the martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→ hep (ε), △ G_C~(γ→ε), defined as the free energy difference between γ and ε phases at M_s of various alloys can also be obtained with a known M_s. It is found that the driving force varies with the composition of alloys, e. g. △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 100.99 J/mol in Fe-27.0Mn-6.0Si and △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 122.11 J/mol in Fe-26.9Mn-3.37Si. The compositional dependence of critical driving force accorded with the expression formulated by Hsu of the     

C-Mn segregation and its effect on phase transformation and deformation in Fe-Mn-C alloys

C-Mn segregation and its effect on phase transformation and plastic deformation in Fe-Mn-C alloys were studied through the calculation of valence electron structure, the microregion composition detection and TEM in-situ dynamic tensile deformation test The experimental results show that in Fe-8Mn-1.2C alloyed austenite, nA of units with C Mn involved is 3 98 times that of units without C involved and 1.4 times that of units with C involved; aCD of units with C-Mn involved is 2 21 times that of units with C involved. In Fe-Mn-C alloyed austenites, there exists microsegrcgation of C-Mn, forming the randomly distributed Fe-Mn-C atomic cluster segregation zone linked with the -C-Mn-C-Mn- strong bond network, which will effectively slow down the motion of atoms and retard the initiation of the slip system and the movement of dislocation, and thus will severely influence the phase transformation and deformation of the alloy     

Valence electron structure of cementite phase and its interface and the tempering phenomenon

Tempering is an important phenomenon in ferrous alloys. Most steels, especially alloying steels, are used after quenching and tempering. To design the composition of quenching and tempering steels, control the tempering process more effectively, improve the properties after tempering and realize the potentials of steels, the essence of tempering process and the properties of tempering products have to be understood. In this paper, the phase structure factors and interface conjunction factors of common alloying elements in cementite and its interface are calculated out. The relationships between these valence electron structure parameters and (i) the phenomena of martensite decomposition, (ii) transformation, gathering and growth of the carbides and (iii) the mechanical properties of tempering products are built up. The nature of the effect of alloying elements on tempering process and properties of tempering products is uncovered on the level of valence electron structure. One new theoretical foundation     

Phase composition, transition and structure stability of functionally graded cemented carbide with dual phase structure

The phase composition, phase transition and phase structure transformation of the wire-cut section of functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide with dual phase structure were investigated by XRD phase analysis. It is shown that the composition of η phase in the core zone is Co3W3C （M6C type）. The structure of cobalt based solid solution binder phase is fcc type. At the cooling stage of the sintering process, the phase transition of η phase, i.e. M6C→M12C and the martensitic phase transition of the cobalt based solid solution binder phase, i.e. fcc→hcp are suppressed, which facilitates the strengthening of the alloy. Because the instantaneous temperature of the discharge channel is as high as 10 000 ℃ during the wire cutting process, the processed surface is oxidized. Nevertheless, the oxide layer thickness is in micro grade. In the oxide film, η phase is decomposed into W2C and CoO, and cobalt based solid solution binder is selectively oxidized, while WC remains stable due to the existence of carbon containing liquid organic cutting medium.     

Electronic structure and properties of pure cobalt

According to one-atom theory of pure metals,the electronic structure of hcp α-Co has been determined to be [Ar](3dn)0.46(3dm)1.86(3dc)5045(3se)0.03(4sf)1.30.The potential curve,cohesiw energy,lattice parameter,magnetism,elasticity and temperature dependences of specific heat and linear thermal expansion coefficient of the hcp α-Co are calculated.The theoretical values of these properties are compared with those obtained from experiments and calculated by LSDA and GGA methods.Three possible states ψβ(dn→dc),ψβ(dm→dc) and ψβ(sf→dc) for fcc β-Co are designed.The conversion of hcp α-Co→fcc β-Co occurs due to the increase of covalent electrons in state t2g Because the differences in the states,bond parameters and properties between hcp α-Co and fcc β-Co are very small,the two forms normally coexist at room temperature.     

Interface conjunction factors of the second phase particles in alloys and their effects

The second phase in multi-phase alloys has connection with many important phenomena such as aging strengthening, dispersion strengthening, secondary hardening, crystal refinement. In this paper, the interface conjunction factors of the interface between MC(M = V, Nb, Ti) and austenite and martensite are calculate out. The relationship between these factors and the characteristics are analyzed . The reason for the second phases being fine and dispersing and their strengthening and toughening effect on the alloy is explained using the relationship. Based on the relationship, the valence electron structure of the interface between the second phase particles and the matrix can be optimized by changing the alloying elements, which make it possible to design the composition of alloys from the valence electron structure of the second phase particles.     

Fe－Mn－Si形状记忆合金研究进展

对近年来Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金形状记忆效应的影响因素及工程应用的研究结果进行了评述，并对Ｍｎ、Ｓｉ元素，母相强化及热－机械训练对记忆效应的影响进行了讨论     

Influence of stresses on martensitic transformation in ferromagnetic shape memory Ni_(50)Mn_(19)Fe_6Ga_(25) ribbons

~~Influence of stresses on martensitic transformation in ferromagnetic shape memory Ni_(50)Mn_(19)Fe_6Ga_(25) ribbons1. Ullakko, K., Huang, J. K., O'Handley, R. C. et al., Large magnetic-field-induced strains in Ni2MnGa single crystals, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1996, 69(13): 1966-1968. 2. James, R. D., Wuttig, M., Magnetostriciton of martensite, Philos. Mag., 1998, A 77: 1273-1275. 3. Wu, G. H., Yu, C. H., Meng, L. Q. et al., Giant magnetic-field-induced strains in H…     

Reverse Transformation Behavior of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys Prestrained in the Parent Phase

1 IntroductionShape memory alloys (SMAs) prestrained at a tem-perature belowAs(the reverse martensitic transformationstartingtemperature) can generate a large stress or me-chanical energy when constrainedly heated at aboveAf(the reverse martensitic transformation finishing tempera-ture) ,therefore they are regarded as one of the most im-portant actuatorsinsmart composites[1-4].The relationshipbetweenthe prestrain level and the reversible martensitictransformationof TiNi SMAs has beenstudie…     

Influence of flange location on axial deformation stability of double-hat structure

A new structural configuration with better impact stability for increasing energy absorbing efficiency is found.Based on finite element analysis,deformation modes of double-hat structure under axial impact loading are categorized to find the main reasons that affect deformation stability.It is revealed that,in a double-hat structure,the location of the flanges is highly related to the deformation mode and energy absorbing efficiency.Moving the flanges away from their traditional mid-location may result in more regular and stable deformation mode and achieve higher energy absorbing efficiency.The flange offset value needs to be controlled within a certain range,otherwise,the double-hat structure would tend to deform like a top-hat structure and the energy absorbing efficiency could be compromised.These findings and analyses lead to a new structural design configuration-asymmetric flange locations-for enhancing the deformation mode stability in double-hat structures.     

单晶镍基合金体刃位错的电子结构

建立了单晶镍基合金基体γ相刃位错集团模型，在紧束缚框架下用recursion方法计算位错中心区域原子的局域态密度、格位能、电荷转移、结构能及原子间键级积分，讨论了溶质原子对位错运动的影响。     

SINGLE CRYSTAL GROWTH OF Cu BASED SHAPE MEMORYALLOYANDITSTHERMODYNAMICANALYSIS

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Electronic structures and physical properties of pure aluminum metal

By one-atom theory, the electronic structure of pure Al metal with f.c.c, structure has been determined to be [Ne](3s_c)~(1.8790)(3p_c)~(0.4982)(3s_f 3p_f)~(0.6228). According to this electronic structure, the potential curve, lattice constant, cohesive energy, elastisity, and the temperature dependence of the linear thermal expansion coefficients have been calculated. The electronic structures and characteristic properties of Al metals with b. c. c., h.c.p. structures and liquid have been studied. It is argued that the pure Al metal with f. c.c. structure can exist naturally, but with b. c. c.and h. c.p. structures cannot.##属性不符