液相烧结钨合金断裂与界面偏聚的研究

磷是W-Ni-Fe系液相烧结钨合金中脆化界面的主要元素,它在各界面上的偏聚浓度是很不均匀的,以钨颗粒-粘结相界面上靠近钨颗粒一侧浓度最高。快冷可以明显抑制磷的界面偏聚,从而提高界面结合强度。氧、钾、硫可以在合金中形成零散分布的极高浓度富集区,其脆化作用不可忽视。     

元素及其化合物对钨基高密度合金性能的影响

详细分析了钴、钼、锰、铬、锡等主要合金元素及铝、钛、铈等微量元素在钨基高密度合金中的分布状况及其化合物对合金性能的影响。合金元素在合金中的作用表现为细化晶粒；强化粘结相：强化钨晶粒；改善粘结相与钨颗粒的湿润性，提高界面结合力；改变杂质元素的存在形式与分布状态。综述了磷、氮、氢、氧、硫和碳等杂质元素在合金相中的存在状况及其化合物在相界面上的分布特点。磷主要以单质或化合物的形式偏析于界面，增加合金的脆性，但其也能提高烧结的活化性能。氢也会导致脆性；氧通常会降低钨晶粒与粘结相界面的结合强度；少量的碳可降低磷的偏析，碳含量增加时，会使合金的动态拉伸强度下降。     

40Cr钢元素偏析对冲击韧性的影响

针对40Cr钢出现冲击值降低的问题,运用实践——认识——实践掌握客观规律的方法,研究了几个炉号的钢材,得出其中元素偏析是影响冲击值降低的原因。在所研究的炉号中,微量元素磷和锡在正常的热处理工艺条件下偏析于奥氏体晶界;偏析程度可因其它合金元素的偏析而加剧。磷和锡的偏析引起原奥氏体晶界相间结合力减弱,导致冲击值降低。通过正火和不完全淬火以改变磷和锡的分布,使冲击值显著提高,并保证其它机械性能满足要求。在生产过程中,不宜采用不完全淬火时,应当控制原材料的成分和冶炼工艺,使微量有害元素的含量降至一定限度以下。     

TiAl合金全片层组织的热稳定性研究

研究了Al含量、冷却速率和添加硼元素对TiAl合金全片层组织在1150℃的热稳定性的影响。研究表明：Al含量在46％～48％（原子分数,下同）范围的二元TiAl合金的Al含量越高,γ偏析程度越严重,铸造片层组织的热稳定性越差;Ti-48AI合金α单相区固溶处理后炉冷的粗片层组织的稳定性远远优于空冷的细片层组织,空冷细片层组织容易在晶界处发生不连续粗化转变,并且空冷片层晶粒内的魏氏片层（LW）与基体的界面往往与晶界一同成为片层组织发生分解的起始部位;Ti-48A1合金中添加0．8％B因晶界TiB2相的存在能有效抑制细片层组织的晶界不连续粗化,但γ相从TiB2／基体界面和晶界重新形核生长可使片层组织转变为均匀的细晶近γ组织。     

杂质对钨晶界脆性的影响

一、引言许多文献报导,杂质的存在,特别是磷、钾、碳和氧的存在,对钨的力学性能有很大的影响。这些杂质在晶界处偏析,造成晶间脆性。本研究的宗旨是探讨杂质对各种不同钨     

80W-Cu合金力学行为的拉压不对称性研究

在不同加载应变率下,对熔渗法制备的80W-Cu合金进行压缩和拉伸力学性能研究,对比分析应力状态对80W-Cu合金力学行为的影响规律。结果表明,80W-Cu合金在准静态和动态加载条件下的力学行为均具有明显的拉压不对称性,在压缩加载条件下80W-Cu合金具有良好的塑性,而在拉伸加载条件下材料的塑性极差。微观分析表明,80W-Cu合金具有高的钨-钨连接度,在拉伸加载时钨-钨界面极易发生开裂,导致材料破坏,因此塑性变形能力极差;而在压缩加载时钨骨架发生坍塌变形,塑性良好的铜在压应力的作用下发生延性流动,填充到钨-钨界面之间,从而使材料具有良好的塑性变形能力     

热作模具钢的回火脆性

含5％Cr(重量百分数)工具钢经淬火和两次回火后具有次生马氏体显微组织,本文研究了增加一次600℃回火时热处理参数对回火脆性的影响,并详细研究了断裂机制、显微组织以及析出产物的变化。控制脆性转化的决定因素是磷向原晶界、马氏体板条界以及马氏体板条与碳化物交界处的偏析。在磷向这些界面偏析的时候,同时还发生了硫和硅元素的偏析以及碳化物的析出。     

磷对Cr-Mn-Si钢冲击韧性的影响

用系列冲击试验法研究了30CrMnsiA钢在常规热处理工艺条件下,不同磷含量与冲击韧性的关系.试验结果表明,当磷含量≥0.012wt-%时,随磷含量的增加,冲击韧性明显下降.扫描电镜和Auger能谱分析发现,随磷含量增加,沿晶断裂面积及晶界上磷偏析增加.回火后缓慢冷却促进磷向晶界偏析,并使低温冲击韧性显著下降.550℃为本实验钢的高温回火脆性温度.     

EFFECT OF P ON IMPACT TOUGHNESS OF Cr-Mn-Si STEEL

用系列冲击试验法研究了30CrMnsiA钢在常规热处理工艺条件下,不同磷含量与冲击韧性的关系.试验结果表明,当磷含量≥0.012wt-%时,随磷含量的增加,冲击韧性明显下降.扫描电镜和Auger能谱分析发现,随磷含量增加,沿晶断裂面积及晶界上磷偏析增加.回火后缓慢冷却促进磷向晶界偏析,并使低温冲击韧性显著下降.550℃为本实验钢的高温回火脆性温度.     

真空热处理对95W-3.5Ni-1.5Fe高密度合金组织和性能的影响

研究了真空热处理对95W－3．5Ni－1．5Fe高密度钨合金性能的影响。经真空热处理后，不但消除了氢脆的影响，还减少了磷的晶界偏析程度，使合金强韧性得到了改善。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。