利用APT对RPV模拟钢中界面上原子偏聚特征的研究

核反应堆压力容器(RPV)模拟钢样品经过660℃调质处理和370℃时效3000 h后,用原子探针层析法研究了晶界和相界面上原子偏聚的特征.结果表明,Ni,Mn,Si.C,P和Mo在晶界处均有不同程度的偏聚,偏聚倾向由强到弱依次为:C,P,Mo,Si,Mn和Ni.Cu在晶界处会出现贫化现象.Si在晶界上的偏聚程度与晶界的特性有关.在这几种元素中,C在晶界上偏聚的宽度最大,如以成分分布图中浓度峰的半高宽来比较,C的偏聚宽度是Mn,Ni和M0的1.5倍.在富Cu相与α-Fe的相界面处,Ni和Mn有明显的偏聚,而C,P.Mo和Si倾向偏聚在相界面的α-Fe一侧,且偏聚的程度比晶界处的低.     

Si和Mn对钢中贝氏体形态和转变动力学的影响

分析了六种Fe-C-Si、Fe-C-Mn及Fe-C-Si-Mn合金的贝氏体(α_b)形态和微观亚结构,结果表明α_b的形态与Si,Mn类拖曳作用有密切关系,由计算得出的相变体积自由能差△G_v可粗略地估算出贝氏体相变的理论孕育时间τ,与TTT曲线上实测孕育时间比较,表明Fe-C-Mn及FE—C—Si—Mn的τ值基本上不取决于△G_v。的大小,用SIMS+EDS与二次离子谱仪(SIMS)测出F-C-Si-Mn中Mn在原奥氏体晶界上偏聚,从而抑制了β_b在该处形核,本文还讨论了Si,Mn共存时对相变动力学的复合作用。     

高强耐火钢中合金元素在焊接热循环作用下的偏聚行为

焊接热循环中合金元素的偏聚行为决定了热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织的演变。采用原子探针层析成像技术测定了高强耐火钢在模拟焊接热循环后基体和晶界的合金元素浓度。定量分析了C、Mn、Cr、Mo、Nb、V、Ti等元素在原奥氏体晶界附近的浓度。根据富集因子计算结果,得出元素偏聚程度大小顺序为C Ti Mo V Nb Mn Cr,且Mn和Cr在晶界处存在共偏聚现象。950℃时,晶界偏聚能为111.22 kJ/mol。合金元素在晶界偏聚降低了奥氏体的分解温度,抑制了晶界迁移。     

2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢焊缝冲击性能和显微组织分析

进行了2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢的焊条电弧焊试验,测定其焊缝的成分和冲击吸收功,进行了金相及启裂源观察,对冲击吸收功较低的样品进行脱脆处理.结果表明,冲击吸收功较低的焊缝的Mn,Si,Mo及其杂质元素含量相对较高,Mn,Si,Mo等元素促进杂质元素在晶界上的偏聚,致使晶界性能变坏,断口以沿晶断裂为主,冲击吸收功降低,脱脆处理后,冲击韧性恢复说明焊缝存在高温回火脆性,导致高温回火脆性是由于杂质元素在晶界上的偏聚,因此研制焊条时要严格控制Mn,Si,Mo和杂质元素的含量.     

3D ATOM PROBE CHARACTERIZATION OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS PARTITIONING IN CEMENTITE OF A Nb-V MICROALLOYED STEEL

将Nb-V微合金钢在1200 ℃固溶0.5 h后淬火, 然后在450 ℃回火4 h, 结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM), 用三维原子探针(3DAP)研究渗碳体内部和渗碳体/基体界面处的元素分布和成分变化. 结果显示, 淬火样品中C原子由于自回火而出现轻微偏聚, 其它合金原子V,Nb, Si, Mn, Mo和Al等分布均匀. 450 ℃回火4 h样品中出现C原子偏聚区, 在该区域内, Mn含量较高, Mo和V轻微偏聚, Si和Al很少, 对应渗碳体析出, Si富集在渗碳体/基体界面处; 另外, 观察到C和V明显偏聚的单原子面, 周围富集Si和Mn, 对应合金碳化物析出初期形成的G.P.区, 成分主要为V4C3.     

Nb-V微合金钢中渗碳体周围元素分布的三维原子探针表征

将Nb-V微合金钢在1200℃同溶0.5 h后淬火,然后在450℃回火4 h,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM),用三维原子探针(3DAP)研究渗碳体内部和渗碳体/基体界面处的元素分布和成分变化.结果显示,淬火样品中C原子由于自回火而出现轻微偏聚,其它合金原子V,Nb,Si,Mn,Mo和Al等分布均匀.450℃回火4 h样品中出现C原子偏聚区,在该区域内,Mn含量较高,Mo和V轻微偏聚,Si和Al很少,对应渗碳体析出,Si富集在渗碳体/基体界面处;另外,观察到C和V明显偏聚的单原子面,周围富集Si和Mn,对应合金碳化物析出初期形成的G.P.区,成分主要为V4C3.     

低合金钢中Cr对磷在晶界偏聚的影响

碳与杂质在晶界呈相互排斥,而碳为更强的晶界活性元素,因此杂质在晶界的偏聚受碳在α相中固溶度的控制.合金元素的加入使碳的固溶度降低,从而促进了杂质元素的偏聚.按照这个理论,本文对Guttmann的模型作进一步推广,提出了一个定量的模型.由此计算碳钢及铬钢中磷的晶界偏聚与实验结果符合得很好。     

EFFECT OF Cr ON P GRAIN BOUNDARY SEGREGATION IN LOW ALLOYED STEELS

碳与杂质在晶界呈相互排斥,而碳为更强的晶界活性元素,因此杂质在晶界的偏聚受碳在α相中固溶度的控制.合金元素的加入使碳的固溶度降低,从而促进了杂质元素的偏聚.按照这个理论,本文对Guttmann的模型作进一步推广,提出了一个定量的模型.由此计算碳钢及铬钢中磷的晶界偏聚与实验结果符合得很好。     

超低碳钢等温过程中杂质的晶界偏聚研究

用俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）研究了超低碳钢在９００℃等温时Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｃ、Ｂ等杂质元素在晶界的偏聚问题。结果发现,等温初期Ｐ、Ｂ在晶界的含量出现峰值,保温一定时间后,晶界Ｓ含量也出现峰值,碳的晶界含量随等温时间递增。长时间等温,偏聚到晶界的组元发生相互作用和位置竞争     

新型铸态热作模具钢5Cr9MoNi2SiV的回火脆性

采用扫描电镜、金相显微镜和XRD等手段研究了5Cr9Mo Ni2Si V热作模具钢在热处理后的组织演化过程,通过俄歇电子能谱实验,分析了不同回火温度下冲击断口晶界元素的变化。结果表明:铸态钢5Cr9Mo Ni2Si V存在严重的组织偏析,主要是Cr、Mo、Mn和V等合金元素沿原奥氏体枝晶间偏聚,常规热处理工艺虽有所改善,但是无法将其消除,导致回火后组织晶界偏析依然存在,严重弱化了晶界;材料在530℃发生的回火脆性是不可逆的,属于第一类回火脆性;材料产生第一类回火脆性的机理主要是杂质元素P偏聚于晶界,降低了晶界结合力;影响P向晶界偏聚的元素主要有Cr和Mo。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.