卷烟纸的助燃剂涂布控制

卷烟纸中涂助燃剂的主要目的是为了调节卷烟纸的燃烧速度,使卷烟纸的燃烧速度与烟丝相匹配,并可以降低烟支中的有害物质.不加助燃剂的卷烟纸燃烧不均匀,烟支燃烧后的灰烬易脱落,也就是出现所谓的炸灰问题.我公司现在主要使用的助燃剂有:柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、苹果酸钾、苹果酸钠等.钾起到提高卷烟纸的燃烧速度作用,钠主要起到使卷烟纸包灰作用.而选择不同配比的钾、钠比例,就可以得到不同的燃烧和包灰效果.以上几种助燃剂都属于食品级填加剂,对人体无毒无害,同时有利于吸味的改善.     

卷烟纸助燃剂对卷烟燃烧特性及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响

为了考察卷烟纸助燃剂对卷烟燃烧特性及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响,探讨了卷烟纸助燃剂的类型、用量、含钾比例与卷烟燃烧主流烟气中CO的释放量、卷烟燃烧特性之间的相关性。结果表明,卷烟纸助燃剂用量与卷烟的阴燃温度、烟碱量、焦油量具有相关性,提高助燃剂用量能提高卷烟燃烧时的阴燃温度、加快烟支的燃烧速度,且烟碱量和焦油量随之减少;保持卷烟纸助燃剂用量不变,助燃剂中的含钾比例与烟气常规成分和卷烟燃烧温度无明显相关性;卷烟纸助燃剂的类型、用量、含钾比例与CO释放量无明显相关性,CO释放量与卷烟燃烧时低温区域面积和高温区域面积的比值R具有强烈的正相关。     

卷烟纸特性对短支卷烟主流烟气7种有害成分释放量及H值的影响

考察了不同卷烟纸透气度、定量、助燃剂含量、助燃剂钾/钠比及灰分对短支卷烟主流烟气7种有害成分释放量及卷烟危害性指数(H)值的影响。结果表明,对短支卷烟而言,卷烟纸透气度与CO、HCN、苯酚释放量呈显著的负相关关系,与巴豆醛释放量无明显相关性,其变化对HCN释放量的影响最大;卷烟纸定量与CO释放量呈显著正相关关系,与苯酚释放量呈显著负相关,其变化对苯酚释放量的影响最大;卷烟纸助燃剂含量和钾/钠比与7种有害成分释放量均呈负相关关系,其变化分别对苯并[α]芘和HCN释放量的影响最大;卷烟纸灰分与苯酚、CO、氨、苯并[α]芘、HCN均呈一定负相关关系,与巴豆醛和NNK无明显相关性,其变化对苯酚和CO释放量的影响较大;危害性指数H值与卷烟纸的透气度、助燃剂含量、助燃剂钾/钠比均呈显著的负相关关系,与卷烟纸定量及灰分呈一定的负相关关系。通过对卷烟纸特性参数的优化,有助于降低短支卷烟主流烟气7种有害成分释放量及危害指数。     

卷烟纸助燃剂含量对卷烟烟气有害物质的影响

考察了卷烟纸助燃剂(有机钾、钠盐)对卷烟主流烟气中7类(20种)有害成分的影响。采用含15、20、25、30、35 kg/t助燃剂的5种卷烟纸,在相同条件下制成卷烟,测定其主流烟气中20种有害物质的生成量;并建立了描述该影响规律的回归方程。结果表明,烟气中多数苯酚类物质、焦油与CO释放量都随助燃剂含量增大而降低;稠环芳烃总释放量在助燃剂含量为20 kg/t时达到最低值,而多数羰基化合物的释放量在助燃剂含量为20 kg/t时达到最高值,其变化规律可用二次方程模拟;NH3与HCN的生成量在卷烟纸助燃剂含量为30 kg/t时达到最低值,变化规律均可以用二次方程模拟;NNK的释放量基本无变化。     

卷烟纸中助燃剂含量的电导率法测定及其影响因素

卷烟纸中助燃剂含量的传统检测方法有两种:元素法(钾钠离子法或酸根法)、滴定法。这两种方法都有检测时间长的弊端,不利于生产控制。恒丰纸业在2015年开始应用自主创新的检测方法--电导率法。本文介绍用电导率法检测卷烟纸中助燃剂含量的方法及影响因素,并重点阐述检测过程中的一些注意事项。     

卷烟纸及烟丝钾钠比差异对卷烟主流烟气影响

为考察添加于不同主体柠檬酸盐助燃剂的钾钠比对卷烟主流烟气有害物质释放量影响的差异,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对卷烟纸及烟丝中助燃剂钾钠盐实际含量进行测定,并研究比对卷烟纸及烟丝钾钠比对卷烟主流烟气的影响。结果发现,主流烟气烟碱量、焦油量及CO量均与卷烟纸钾钠比呈高度相关的幂函数关系,而与烟丝钾钠比相关性较弱。因此通过改变钾钠比对卷烟有害物质释放量进行调控时,应优先选择卷烟纸作为添加主体。     

卷烟纸参数对短支卷烟主流烟气常规成分释放量及感官质量的影响

为考察卷烟纸参数对短支卷烟主流烟气常规指标及感官质量的影响,制备了不同卷烟纸透气度、定量、助燃剂用量、助燃剂钾/钠比及碳酸钙含量的短支卷烟,并进行了主流烟气常规成分释放量测定及感官质量评价.结果表明:①随着卷烟纸透气度的增加,常规成分释放量均呈降低趋势,感官质量呈下降趋势.②随着卷烟纸定量的增加,焦油和烟碱释放量降低,...     

影响卷烟纸阴燃速率的因素

研究了卷烟纸的助燃剂品种、PN值(即采用KMnO4测定的卷烟纸中的有机酸含量)、填料品种及用量、浆料种类和透气度等因素对卷烟纸阴燃速率的影响。结果表明,在卷烟纸中添加相同用量的助燃剂,使用有机酸碱金属钠盐型助燃剂卷烟纸的阴燃速率比添加有机酸碱金属钾盐的大。当卷烟纸的PN值小于80时,随着PN值的增加其阴燃速率值变小;但当PN值大于80时,其阴燃速率下降不明显。不同的填料和浆种对卷烟纸的阴燃速率略有影响。卷烟纸中CaCO3用量增大,阴燃速率减小;随着卷烟纸透气度的增加,阴燃速率减小。     

卷烟纸相关因素对卷烟包灰性影响分析

为进一步改进卷烟燃烧后的包灰质量,采用数码相机拍照、利用图像分析软件对选取部分卷烟纸样品的各相关因素进行包灰效果分析。结果表明:卷烟纸定量、罗纹方式、助燃剂种类与含量及钾/钠比等相关因素对卷烟的包灰质量有较大影响。     

辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量及其危害性指数的影响

为研究辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分(CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,苯酚和巴豆醛)释放量及其危害性指数的影响,考察了卷烟纸助燃剂含量、卷烟纸助燃剂类型、卷烟纸亚麻配比、卷烟纸定量、卷烟纸透气度、滤棒吸阻和滤嘴(不同透气度接装纸和成型纸组合制备)通风率对这7种有害成分及其危害性指数的单因素影响规律,建立了基于卷烟纸定量、卷烟纸透气度、成型纸透气度、接装纸透气度和滤棒吸阻的有害成分释放量预测模型,并对预测模型分别进行了外部验证。结果表明:①随着卷烟纸助燃剂含量、卷烟纸透气度、卷烟纸定量、滤棒吸阻和滤棒通风率的增大,大多数有害成分释放量及危害性指数呈下降趋势;随着卷烟纸亚麻配比和助燃剂钠钾比的增大,有害成分释放量及其危害性指数呈上升趋势。②辅材模型具有良好的预测能力,10个验证样品的7种烟气有害成分释放量预测值与测定值相对偏差均低于15%。③增加卷烟纸定量、滤棒吸阻或降低接装纸透气度,可降低单位焦油中HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,苯酚和巴豆醛的释放量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press