316L不锈钢强流脉冲电子束表面钛合金化及其耐蚀性

利用强流脉冲电子束对不锈钢表面进行了快速钛合金化。将精细钛粉预涂在基体表面后采用强流脉冲电子束对其进行后处理。在电子束对表面的快速加热熔化、混合及增强扩散效应的作用下,部分钛熔入基体表层形成一层富钛层。由于钛的添加有利于形成α相,合金层由α相和γ相混合组成。在模拟体液中的动态极化测试表明,316L医用不锈钢经强流脉冲电子束表面钛合金化后,其在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能获得了显著的提高。     

Plasma nitriding of 90CrMoV8 tool steel for the enhancement of hardness and corrosion resistance

The aim of the study is to apply a plasma nitriding process to the 90CrMoV8 steel commonly employed in wood machining, and to determine its efficiency to improve both mechanical and electrochemical properties of the surface. Treatments were performed at a constant N₂:H₂ gas mixture and by varying the temperature and process duration. The structural and morphological properties of nitrided layers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDS microanalyses. Surface hardening and hardness profiles were evaluated by micro hardness measurements. To simulate the wood machining conditions, electrochemical tests were carried out with an oak wood electrolyte with the purpose of understanding the effects of the nitriding treatment on the corrosion resistance of the tool in operation.X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the presence of both γ′ (Fe₄N) and ε (Fe_2-3N) nitrides with a predominance of the ε phase. Moreover, α-Fe (110), γ′ and ε diffraction peaks were shifted to lower angles suggesting the development of compressive stresses in the post nitrided steel. As a result, it was shown that nitriding allowed a significant hardening of steel with hardness values higher than 1200 HV. The diffusion layers were always composed of an outer compound layer and a hardened bulk layer which thickness was half of the total diffusion layer one. No white layer was observed. Similarly, no traces of chromium nitrides were detected. The temperature seemed to be a parameter more influent than the process duration on the morphological properties of the nitrided layer, while it had no real influence on their crystallinity. Finally, the optimal nitriding conditions to obtain a thick and hard diffusion layer are 500 °C for 10 h.On the other hand, to verify the effect of these parameters on the corrosion resistance, potentiodynamic polarization tests were carried out in an original “wood juice” electrolyte. After corrosion, surface was then observed at the SEM scale. Electrochemical study indicated that the untreated steel behaved as a passive material. Although the very noble character of steel was somewhat mitigated and the corrosion propensity increased for nitrided steels, the passive-like nature of the modified surface was preserved. For the same optimized parameters as those deduced from the mechanical characterization (500 °C, 10 h), surface presented, in addition to a huge surface hardening, a high corrosion resistance.     

表面处理对模具钢耐蚀性能的影响

将经过氧化、软氮化及喷砂等不同表面处理的热作模具钢(H13和EX1)试样浸入铝合金液进行熔损试验。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱分析仪(EDS)对试样表面结合界面进行显微组织观察和腐蚀产物成分分析。结合差式扫描量热(DSC)分析技术,监测反应过程中的热量变化,研究这三种常用表面处理工艺对压铸模具钢耐热铝侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明：氧化处理所形成的氧化层可以有效提高模具钢的耐热铝侵蚀性能,软氮化所形成的渗氮层则减弱了模具钢的耐热铝侵蚀性能,喷砂处理后表层的形变强化层及残余压应力基本不影响模具钢的耐热铝侵蚀性能。     

Surface treatment of 0.20% C carbon steel by high-current pulsed electron beam

A high-current pulsed electron beam（HCPEB） generated on the system of Nadezhda-2 was applied to improve the microstructure and performance of 0.20% C low carbon steel. Surface layers of the samples bombarded by explosive electron beam at different pulses was observed by using electron microscopy. The physical model of the thermal-stress process and related modification mechanism as a result of HCPEB irradiation was also investigated. After HCPEB post treatments, obvious changes in microstructure and significant hardening occur in the depth of 200-250 μm from the surface after HCPEB irradiation. Rapid heating and subsequent rapid solidification induce heavy plastic deformation, which results in that the laminated structure of pearlite is substituted by dispersive rounded-like cementites in the near-surface. The effect of HCPEB treatment can reach more than 500 m depth from the surface. The original crystalline structure is changed to a different degree that grows with the numbers of bombardment, and in the surface layer amorphous states and nanocrystaline structures consisting of grains of γ-phase and cementite are found. The violent stress induced by HCPEB irradiation is the origin of the nanostructured and amorphous structure formation.     

体能量密度对SLM成形316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响

为了探究不同体能量密度对SLM成形316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响,采用正交试验法制备不同激光功率、扫描间距和扫描速度下的SLM 316L不锈钢成形件,利用扫描电镜和电化学试验对其微观组织和自腐蚀电位进行观察和测量。结果表明,体能量密度过大或过小时,成形件表面的气孔和孔洞等缺陷较多,自腐蚀电位减小,耐腐蚀性变差。体能量密度为44.64 J/mm^-3时,SLM 316L不锈钢成形件的自腐蚀电位最高,组织表面的气孔等缺陷相对较少,耐腐蚀性最好。激光功率、扫描间距和扫描速度对SLM 316L不锈钢成形件的耐腐蚀性影响的次序为:激光功率＞扫描间距和扫描速度,最佳的工艺参数组合为激光功率250 W,扫描间距0.14 mm,扫描速度800 mm/s。     

Influence of microstructure on the corrosion resistance of hyperduplex stainless steel

Hyperduplex UNS S32707 is a newly developed austenitic–ferritic stainless steel. The steel contains about 27%Cr, 7%Ni, 4.5%Mo, and 0.4%N, which results in a pitting resistance equivalent factor (PRE) equal to 49. In this study, the pitting corrosion resistance of this new grade of stainless steel was investigated by varying the microstructure using different thermal processes. The critical pitting temperature measurement and cyclic polarization tests confirm the high corrosion resistance of the hyperduplex steel in the solution treated condition. However, deleterious phases form easily during thermal processing and cause a drastic decrease in the corrosion resistance.     

Effect of aluminum on the corrosion resistance of low‐alloy steel in 10 wt% sulfuric acid solution

The aqueous corrosion behavior of low‐alloy steel with aluminum contents was examined in a 10 wt% H₂SO₄ (pH 0.13) solution using electrochemical techniques and surface analyses. The corrosion resistance of the new alloy steel was evaluated in terms of electrochemical parameters, such as passive current density, film, and charge transfer resistances. The results showed that a high Al content in the steel imparted better passivation behavior resulting in a lower corrosion rate. It related to the enrichment of iron carbonate and hydrocarbon by the dissolution of the carbide phase.     

回火对强流脉冲电子束辐照M50钢重熔层耐蚀性能的影响

利用强流脉冲电子束技术对M50钢进行了辐照处理,并对重熔层在550、600和675 ℃条件下进行了回火处理。采用XRD、SEM和电化学综合测试系统等手段分析了不同处理方式对重熔层组织和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,M50钢经过强流脉冲电子束辐照后表层的碳化物溶解,马氏体转变被抑制,耐腐蚀性能上升。经过回火处理后,重熔层内残留奥氏体分解,耐蚀性能逐渐降低。     

Studies on waterline corrosion processes and corrosion product characteristics of carbon steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

The waterline corrosion behaviors of carbon steel partially immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated using the wire beam electrode technique, and the effects of corrosion products on the processes of waterline corrosion were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the initial stage and development stage of waterline corrosion were mainly controlled by the concentration and diffusion of dissolved oxygen, respectively, and the deceleration stage of waterline corrosion was mainly affected by corrosion products. The main component of the yellow corrosion products was γ-FeOOH, and γ-FeOOH that exhibited a high reduction reactivity could be involved in the cathodic reaction. The black corrosion products were mainly composed of Fe₃O₄ with strong thermodynamic stability and the processes of dissolved oxygen diffusion and ion transports were obviously affected due to the continuous accumulation of Fe₃O₄ on the surface of the electrodes. Polarity reversals were observed on the single electrodes below the waterline, but the reasons for the phenomena were different from each other.     

深冷处理对440C马氏体不锈钢组织和耐蚀性的影响

研究了深冷处理对440C马氏体不锈钢组织和耐蚀性的影响。研究表明,液氮深冷处理后440C不锈钢硬度可提高2.3 HRC,残留奥氏体含量降低了11.7%,72 h中性盐雾试验表面无明显点蚀。440C不锈钢淬火后室温停留2 h以上残留奥氏体含量明显增加,硬度值、耐蚀性下降。实际生产中,淬火与液氮深冷处理时间间隔应不超过2 h。     

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Fe-Al intermetallic coating on 45 steel synthesized by double glow plasma surface alloying technology

A binary Fe-Al alloyed layer was synthesized on 45 steel by means of double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The corrosion-resisting layer prepared is composed of a sedimentary layer and a diffusion layer, with a total thickness of about 180 μm. The aluminum content of the alloyed layer shows gradual change from surface to the inside of substrate. The ideal profile is beneficial to the metallurgical bonding of the surface alloying layer with substrate materials. The microstructure of both layers consists of the Fe-Al intermetallic compound, which is FeAl with B2 structure in the sedimentary layer and Fe3Al with incompletely ordered DO3 structure in the diffusion layer. The protective film exhibits high micro-hardness. In comparison with the substrate of 45 steel, the corrosion resistance of the aluminized sample is much higher in 2.0% Na2S and 0.05 mol/L Na2SO4 + 0.5 mol/L NaCl mixed solutions.     

Surface modification of die casting mold steel by a composite technique of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation

The hot dipping process of pure aluminum on H13 steel substrates followed by plasma electrolytic oxidation（PEO） was studied to form alumina ceramic coatings for protective purpose.H13 steel bars were first dipped in pure aluminum melts,and then,a reactive iron-aluminum intermetallic layer grew at the interface between the melt and the steel substrate.The reactive layer was mainly composed of intermetallic Fe-Al（Fe₂Al₅）;the thickness of aluminum layer and Fe-Al intermetallic layer were mainly influenced by dipping time（1.5～12.0 min） and dipping temperature（710～760 ℃）.After PEO process,uniform Al₂O₃ ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of aluminized steel.The element distribution,phase composition and morphology of the aluminized layer,and the ceramic coatings were characterized by SEM/EDS and XRD.The distribution of hardness across the composite coating is demonstrated,and the maximum value reaches 1864 HV.The thermal shock resistance of the coated sample is also well improved.     

1.7%C超高碳钢高频感应淬火工艺及组织特征

研究了含1.7%C超高碳钢高频感应淬火后的组织特征.试验表明,该钢经淬火与高温回火预处理后再进行高频感应淬火后的组织中存在大量的板条马氏体,且板条马氏体数量随感应循环次数的增加而增多,讨论了该钢感应加热淬火后的组织特征.     

不同工艺下马氏体不锈钢组织演变及其对表面光洁度和耐蚀性的影响

通过金相、SEM和TEM观察,表面粗糙度测试和电化学实验方法,对经过不同温度淬火和回火的国产Cr13型马氏体不锈钢的微观组织演变及其对材料硬度,表面光洁度和耐蚀性能的影响进行了分析研究.结果表明,马氏体是基体中的主要相,当回火温度为650℃时,铁素体变成基体中的主要相,随着回火温度的提高,不锈钢基体组织发生了由回火马氏体到回火索氏体的演变.回火后,材料的硬度降低,当回火温度达到650℃,材料硬度降至22 HRC,其表面光洁度大幅度降低.同时,回火材料的耐点蚀性能低于淬火态材料,且随着回火温度的提高,马氏体不锈钢的点蚀电位降低,并在500℃时达到最差.     

机械合金化及热压烧结制备Fe-Cr-Mn基超细晶奥氏体不锈钢研究

采用高能研磨诱导的机械合金化方法制备了Fe-Cr-Mn基不锈钢合金粉末;对机械合金化粉末分别进行了退火和热压烧结,分析了退火过程中的相变规律,并对热压烧结获得的奥氏体不锈钢进行了组织和耐蚀性能研究.结果表明:机械合金化获得的不锈钢合金粉由亚稳态的纳米晶铁素体构成;退火/热压烧结处理后,铁素体逐渐转变为热力学上更加稳定的...     

2209和2507双相不锈钢堆焊层组织结构及耐蚀性对比

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪等,对2209和2507双相不锈钢FCAW堆焊层焊态、退火态的组织结构和耐蚀性进行对比研究。结果表明：两种堆焊层焊态时均主要由铁素体α和魏氏体状奥氏体γ组成,在α晶内及α/γ界面处存在少量细条状的二次奥氏体γ2,在α/γ、α/α界面处还存在极少量的点状σ相;两种堆焊层经690℃×8h退火后,σ相和γ2均明显增多。两种堆焊层焊态的耐蚀性均合格,且2507型堆焊层的耐蚀性优于2209型堆焊层;而两种堆焊层退火态的耐蚀性均急剧下降、严重不合格,这主要是由于退火过程中堆焊层内析出大量σ相和γ2所致。     

热处理工艺对新型系泊链钢组织与耐蚀性能的影响

采用920℃水冷淬火后再经560～650℃保温3 h的回火工艺,研究了不同回火工艺对新型系泊链钢组织、耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,该新型系泊链钢随回火温度从560℃升高到650℃,碳化物析出类型由低温的M3C型向高温的M7C3和M23C6型转变;形态由低温细小棒状和片状逐渐向高温颗粒较大椭圆状和球状转变;耐蚀性能逐渐变好,应力腐蚀敏感性也逐渐减小。耐蚀性能的变化主要是由回火组织中相界、晶界及碳化物的数量和形态的变化所引起的。     

离子渗氮对304L不锈钢组织及高温耐磨性能的影响

以焚烧炉用热电偶304L不锈钢套管为研究对象,开展了不同温度的离子渗氮试验研究。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等分析了304L不锈钢离子渗氮前后的微观结构与力学性能,并研究了其在400 ℃的耐磨损性能。结果表明,304L不锈钢离子渗氮后,可形成硬度1300 HV以上的表面硬化层。随着渗氮温度的提高,表面硬度有所提升,同时硬化层厚度显著增加。离子渗氮可提高304L不锈钢的磨损性能及耐高温氧化性能。     

强流脉冲电子束表面改性AZ31镁合金的耐磨耐蚀性能

选用强流脉冲电子束对AZ31镁合金进行表面改性处理,分析了改性后的AZ31镁合金表面显微结构,测量处理前后AZ31镁合金的耐磨性能和耐蚀性能。结果表明,脉冲电子束处理后AZ31合金表面出现了典型的熔坑形貌,同时熔坑周围有应力波作用产生的褶痕。由电子束快速凝固作用所产生的表层晶粒细化和固溶强化显著提高了AZ31合金的耐磨性。此外,电子束表面改性导致表层镁、铝元素含量及分布形式发生变化。样品表层铝元素的升高是改善其腐蚀性能的主要原因。