基于相干包络解调的窄线宽测量算法研究

激光线宽对光学相干探测系统的探测范围、精度和噪声特性都有重要影响。为精确测量半导体激光器的线宽值,提出了通过解调短延时自外差的干涉谱来实现高精度窄激光线宽测量的新方法。搭建短延时的自外差干涉测量系统,得到半导体激光器的干涉谱,通过设计算法对干涉谱的相干包络进行解调,最终获得了严格的洛伦兹线型谱和相应的谱线宽度,通过理论分析、仿真和实验验证了该方法的可行性。该方法可以忽略因1/f频率噪声产生高斯展宽带来的影响,与传统线宽测量方法相比,该方法的测量结果更加精确。     

移频延时自外差法的DFB激光器线宽测量

为了测量分布反馈（DFB）单模半导体激光器线宽,采用一种新颖的基于马赫-曾德尔干涉结构的光纤自外差测量方案,设计了一套全光纤延时自外差法测量系统,并进行了理论分析。在此基础上搭建了延时光纤长度分别为900m,3000m和6000m的窄带线宽测量系统,对实验室一台中心波长为1550nm、标称线宽值为800kHz的DFB单模半导体激光器光源进行了测试,测得激光器线宽值分别为951.566kHz,832.471kHz和802.221kHz,并对所设计的方案进行了模拟仿真验证。结果表明,与模拟仿真结果作对比,延时光纤长度为6000m时的窄带线宽测量系统最优,其误差在3%之内,证明了所用自外差干涉原理的合理性和准确性。全光纤移频延时自外差法对测量DFB激光器线宽具有优越性和重要的实用价值。     

窄线宽低噪声可调谐非平面环形激光器

针对空间相干光通信和探测等应用,对非平面环形激光器的线宽、噪声和调谐特性进行了系统的实验研究。单频输出功率达到752mW,光光效率42%,斜率效率54%。采用延时自外差拍频法测试了激光线宽,其随泵浦功率的增加而增大,输出功率小于200 mW 时,线宽小于1 kHz,在最高输出功率下线宽为2.3 kHz。激光强度噪声主要由弛豫振荡引起,相对强度噪声（RIN）随着泵浦功率的提高而降低。在1.78W 泵浦功率下,RIN 达到-93 dB/Hz。采用温度和压电两种方式进行了激光调谐。温度调谐范围达到62 GHz。压电调谐范围达到130MHz,响应带宽100 kHz。     

窄线宽激光器线宽测量方法

回顾了窄线宽激光器线宽测量的各种方法和发展过程,介绍了利用光外差法测量窄线宽激光器线宽的基本原理,描述了双光束外差法和延时自外差法的不同测试机理。针对延时零拍自外差法容易引起的系统误差,说明了光源调制和光路调制移频非零拍自外差法不同改进方案的优缺点。综述了窄线宽激光器测量线宽的新方法。对窄线宽激光器线宽测量方法进行了较全面的梳理,从发展过程看双光束外差法和延时自外差法有着各自的测量优势。     

光源线宽和脉宽对激光测风雷达测量精度的影响

激光线宽和脉冲宽度是激光测风雷达测量精度重要的影响因素。本文分析了风速测量精度的影响因素,理论推导了激光线宽与信噪比关系,以及脉宽引起的功率谱展宽。数值分析表明,线宽增加引起的信噪比下降和脉冲宽度引起的谱线展宽都会导致风速测量精度下降。脉冲累计发数在10000的条件下,相干测风激光雷达系统脉冲宽度和信噪比分别为100 ns、-35 dB或激光线宽小于45 kHz,时,风速测量精度优于0.5 m/s。减小线宽和增加脉冲宽度,可以增加风速测量精度。在相同信噪比条件下,较宽的脉冲宽度的风速测量精度更高。     

频谱仪快速测定窄线宽激光器线宽

针对传统光谱仪和F-P 干涉仪分辨率不能满足窄线宽激光器线宽的测量要求, 基于延时自外差法搭建测试平台.设置频谱分析仪分辨率参数抑制噪声实验, 通过使用20 km 延时光纤、80 MHz声光移频器和50:50 光纤耦合器, 通过光电探测器实现光电转换并利用频谱分析仪分析测试信号.对频谱分析仪分辨带宽RBW 和视觉带宽VBW 以及扫频范围(Scan Range)进行优化设置, 在不降低测试灵敏度的情况下, 将重叠信号分辨开, 使其不会过多滤掉高频成分而失真并对线宽功率谱峰值进行洛伦兹曲线拟合.最后得到了1 550 nm 波长可调谐光纤激光器(1 520~1 570 nm)的线宽值约为161 kHz, 为频谱仪的参数优化设置及窄线宽激光器线宽标定提供了相关参考.     

双光束干涉型光纤传感器灵敏度与精度受光源谱分布特性的影响分析

基于对双光束干涉型光纤传感器原理的分析,针对洛仑兹、高斯、矩形3种典型光源谱分布,通过对谱分布线宽与光电管接收端功率谱密度之间关系的定量分析,讨论了3种典型光源谱分布特性对传感器灵敏度的影响.假设光场为稳态、遍历随机过程,定量分析了光源谱线宽与接收端相位改变量之间的关系,对比了3种光源谱特性对于传感器精度的影响.结果表...     

基于延时自零差光相干接收机的激光器相位噪声测试系统

在相干光通信系统中,激光器相位噪声是影响接收机灵敏度的重要因素。针对相干光通信中的激光光源相位噪声测试提出并研究了表征激光器相位噪声的3个关键指标,分别是电场的功率谱密度、相位误差方差和FM噪声谱线,建立了基于延时自零差相干接收技术的窄线宽激光器相位噪声测试系统,实现了系统仿真,并对一窄线宽激光器进行了相位噪声测试,相比传统的自外差线宽测量技术,此方法在满足测试分辨率要求的同时能够更全面表征激光器相位噪声特性。     

光纤延时自外差法测量DFB型LD温度调谐的瞬态特性

以马赫-曾德干涉仪(MZI)原理为基础搭建了臂长差为3km的光纤延时自外差(FOSHI)测量系统,测量了1 582nm分布反馈型(DFB)二极管激光器(LDs)在温度调谐下输出的瞬态特性,包括LDs输出波长及线宽。结果表明,DFB LDs输出光波长随调谐温度呈线性关系,通过对光电流功率谱密度函数的洛伦兹线型拟合得到LDs的线宽为3.24MHz,与3MHz理论值相近。     

1645 nm单纵模NPRO激光器短期频率稳定度的测量

利用光纤延时自外差法对单块非平面Er∶YAG环形振荡器(NPRO)输出单纵模激光的短期频率稳定度进行了测量。激光器输出波长为1645 nm。测量了延时时间分别为0.25 μs,0.75 μs,1.25 μs,1.75 μs,2.25 μs,2.75 μs,5.25 μs,7.25 μs,9.75 μs,108.5 μs,166 μs 的输出激光的自外差拍频信号。设置频谱仪的span为20 kHz,扫描时间为10 s,Res BW为51 Hz,VBW为1 Hz,测量拍频信号的3 dB带宽。在延时时间0.25~9.75 μs范围内,通过线性拟合在不同延时下的3 dB带宽,得到单纵模NPRO激光器的短期频率稳定度为201 Hz/μs。光纤延时长度为21.7 km和33.2 km时,测量的3 dB带宽约为14 kHz。     

Excess phase noise in self-heterodyne detection

The interpretation of self-heterodyne spectra is difficult if, apart from spontaneous emission, additional noise sources are presented. Measurements on an external-cavity semiconductor laser show how, for a relatively long delay, the high-frequency (Lorentzian) wings of the self-heterodyne spectrum are a sensitive measure for the quantum-limited (Schawlow-Townes) laser linewidth. The quantum-limited laser linewidth is shown to be inversely proportional to the output power. Values below 5 kHz are routinely measured. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) laser linewidth is larger than this due to excess low-frequency fluctuations, which are shown to result from the presence of side modes     

1/f frequency noise effects on self-heterodyne linewidthmeasurements

The effects of a 1/f frequency noise on self-heterodyne detection are described, and the results are applied to the problem of laser diode linewidth measurement. The self-heterodyne autocorrelation function and power spectrum are evaluated for both the white and the 1/ f components of the frequency noise. From numerical analysis, the power spectrum resulting from the 1/f frequency noise is shown to be approximately Gaussian, and an empirical expression is given for its linewidth. These results are applied to the problem of self-heterodyne linewidth measurements for coherent optical communications, and the amount of broadening due to 1/f frequency noise is predicted     

Narrow spectral linewidth characteristics of monolithic integrated-passive-cavity InGaAsP/InP semiconductor lasers

The spectral linewidth of 1.3 ?m monolithic integrated-passive-cavity (IPC) semiconductor laser is measured by a delayed self-heterodyne technique. It is found that the line-width is narrowed when longitudinal submode is suppressed. The narrowest linewidth obtained so far is 900 kHz at 6 mW output power.     

Dependence of semiconductor laser linewidth on measurement time: evidence of predominance of 1/f noise

Linewidths of 1.3 ?m InGaAsP lasers were measured by using delayed self-heterodyne set-ups with two different delay-line lengths, i.e. with two equivalent measurement times. It has been found that in high-power operation the linewidth increases as the measurement time becomes longer, and that this dependence is explained well by a calculation assuming that the 1/f noise in the FM noise spectrum is the predominant cause of the spectral broadening. The significance of this fact in coherent optical communications is discussed.     

Improved optical heterodyne methods for measuring frequency responses of photodetectors

An improved optical self-heterodyne method utilizing a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tunable laser and an optical fiber ring interferometer is presented in this paper. The interference efficiency can be increased by 7 dB compared with the scheme using the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The unsteady process that the beating frequency experiences in each tuning period is investigated. According to the measurement results, the wavelength and optical power of the tunable laser will be steady when the square-wave frequency is lower than 300 kHz. It has been shown that when a square-wave voltage is applied to the phase section of the tunable laser, the laser linewidths vary in a wide range, and are much larger than that under dc voltage tuning. The errors caused by the variations in the linewidth of the beat signal and optical power can be eliminated using the proposed calibration procedures, and the measurement accuracy can, therefore, be significantly improved. Experiments show that the frequency responses obtained using our method agree well with the data provided by the manufacturer, and the improved optical self-heterodyne method is as accurate as the intensity noise technique.     

基于光纤光栅法布里-珀罗腔的高效窄线宽光纤激光器

报道了采用双光纤光栅(FBG)法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔选模的线形腔结构窄线宽光纤激光器。激光器以高掺杂Er~(3 )光纤为增益介质,利用全光纤型法拉第旋转器(FR)抑制空间烧孔效应,通过两个短光纤光栅法布里-珀罗腔选模,产生了稳定的1534．83 nm单频激光输出。激光器采用两支976 nm单模激光二极管(LD)抽运,两端输出。激光器阈值抽运光功率为12 mW,在总抽运光功率为145 mW时总输出信号光功率为39．5 mW,单端最高输出信号光功率为22 mW。光-光转换效率为27％,斜率效率为29．7％。随着抽运功率的增加,激光器输出功率趋于饱和。采用延迟自外差方法精确测量光纤激光器线宽,实验中使用了15 km单模光纤延迟线,由于测量精度的限制,得到激光器的线宽小于7kHz。这种光纤激光器具有输出功率高、线宽窄、信噪比高的特点,可用于高精度的光纤传感系统。     

High efficient and narrow linewidth fiber laser based on fiber grating Fabry-Perot cavity

A high Er3+-doped narrow linewidth fiber laser based on fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity was demonstrated. The spatial hole burning effect was restrained by a fiber Faraday rotator. Two short fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavities as narrow bandwidth filters discriminated and selected laser longitudinal modes efficiently. A stable single-frequency 1534.83 nm laser was acquired. Pumped by two 976 nm laser diodes and two-ended output, the fiber laser exhibited a 12 mW threshold. Total 39.5 mW output power and one end 22 mW output power were obtained at the maximum 145 mW pump power. Optical-optical efficiency was 27% and slope efficiency was 29.7%. The output power seemed to be saturated when pump power increased. The 3 dB linewidth of the laser was less than 7.5 kHz, measured by the delayed self-heterodyne method with 15 km monomode fiber. The high power narrow linewidth fiber laser can be used in high resolution fiber sensor systems.