复合材料层合板多尺度交互渐进损伤分析

纤维增强复合材料强度的准确表征是复合材料力学性能研究的核心问题之一。该文以碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板为研究对象,基于宏观-细观多尺度分析方法,根据复合材料的物理失效模式分别给出了基体和纤维的细观失效准则,同时考虑基体失效对复合材料层合板纤维轴向力学性能的影响。提出了新的刚度退化方式,可准确表征复合材料层合板的损伤演化过程,开展了复合材料层合板四点弯模型的多尺度交互渐进损伤分析和试验验证。结果表明：基于多尺度方法的复合材料层合板宏-细观交互渐进损伤分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,新的刚度退化方式可以准确模拟层合板的失效过程。     

纤维金属层板制备成形的研究现状及发展趋势

随着航空航天和汽车等结构领域对轻量化的要求越来越高,纤维金属层板作为一种新型混杂复合材料得到广泛的关注。综述了纤维金属层板的最新研究进展,主要对纤维金属层板进行了3种不同类型的分类,并对其在飞机和汽车上的应用做了分析,介绍了纤维金属层板制备成形的国内外研究现状,以及针对纤维增强树脂体系的不同而采用的纤维金属层板的2种成形制备工艺:层压固化制备工艺(包括滚弯成形、喷丸成形)和金属塑性成形工艺(冲压成形、充液成形等),最后对纤维金属层板的特性及其在未来航空航天和汽车制造上的生产应用进行了展望。     

NSM shear strengthening technique with CFRP laminates applied in high-strength concrete beams with or without pre-cracking

The effectiveness of the near surface mounted (NSM) shear strengthening technique with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates applied in high-strength concrete beams with a certain percentage of existing steel stirrups is assessed by experimental research. In this context, the influence of the following main parameters are investigated: (i) the percentage and the inclination of the CFRP laminates; (ii) the percentage of existing steel stirrups; (iii) the existence of cracks when the reinforced concrete (RC) beams are shear strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates. The results showed that the NSM shear strengthening technique with CFRP laminates is more effective when applied to RC beams of high-strength concrete, not only in terms of increasing the load carrying capacity of the beams, but also in assuring higher mobilization of the tensile properties of the CFRP. Inclined laminates were more effective than vertical laminates and the shear resistance of the beams has increased with the percentage of laminates. Pre-cracked RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates have presented a load carrying capacity similar to that of the homologous uncracked strengthened beams.     

Analysis and design of RC structures strengthened with mechanically fastened FRP laminates: A review

The use of Mechanically Fastened Fiber Reinforced Polymer (MF-FRP) laminates is emerging as a viable alternative to adhesively bonded FRP laminates for the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) members such as beams and slabs. A recently published state-of-the-art review of the experimental research has demonstrated the viability and effectiveness of MF-FRP systems. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the analytical and numerical studies performed over the last decade with the aim of: (a) predicting the strength, the load-deformation response and the failure mode of rehabilitated RC members, and (b) accounting for the interfacial behavior between the concrete and the MF-FRP laminate. Ultimate strength models and constitutive models are critically reviewed based on their key assumptions and formulations and compares the analytical predictions with previously reported experimental results.     

Matrix cracking behaviors in carbon fiber/epoxy laminates filled with cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs)

This study investigated the damage accumulation behaviors in carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminates under tensile loading. The nanocomposite laminates used in this study were manufactured from prepregs consisting of traditional carbon fibers and epoxy resin filled with cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs). Thermo-mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminates were evaluated, and cross-ply laminates were subjected to tension tests in order to observe the damage accumulation behaviors of matrix cracks. A clear retardation of matrix crack onset and accumulation was found in composite laminates with CSCNT compared to those without CSCNT. Fracture toughness associated with matrix cracking was evaluated based on the analytical model using the experimental results. It was suggested that the dispersion of CSCNT resulted in fracture toughness improvement and residual thermal strain decrease, which is considered to cause the retardation of matrix crack formation.     

Failure prediction in glass fiber reinforced plastics laminates with drilled hole under uni-axial loading

Drilling induced damage in fiber reinforced plastic laminates results in high rate of parts rejection and also affects the in-service performance of the composite products with drilled holes. The tensile testing of composite laminates with drilled holes is necessary to render them satisfactory for application. The present research endeavor is an attempt to develop a generic finite element model in order to investigate to failure of uni-directional glass fiber reinforced plastics (UD-GFRP) composite laminates with drilled hole under uni-axial tensile testing. The results have been compared with the experimental work done earlier and are found to be in good agreement.     

Lightning Damage of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Laminates with Interlayers Modified by Nickel-Coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The numerical model of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with electrically modified interlayers subjected to lightning strike is constructed through finite element simulation, in which both intra-laminar and inter-laminar lightning damages are considered by means of coupled electrical-thermal-pyrolytic analysis method. Then the lightning damage extents including the damage volume and maximum damage depth are investigated. The results reveal that the simulated lightning damages could be qualitatively compared to the experimental counterparts of CFRP laminates with interlayers modified by nickel-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni-MWCNTs). With higher electrical conductivity of modified interlayer and more amount of modified interlayers, both damage volume and maximum damage depth are reduced. This work provides an effective guidance to the anti-lightning optimization of CFRP laminates.     

起圈织物增强层合板层间力学性能有限元分析与实验研究

建立了一种起圈织物增强层合板的平拉单胞模型,通过有限元计算预测其平拉强度。研究起圈织物增强层合板的复合成型工艺,制作了符合要求的实验件。对该种材料的短梁剪切、平拉、双面剪切性能进行了实验研究,获得了该材料主要层间力学性能参数,并与传统复合材料层合板的力学性能进行了对比,得出了一些有益的结论,为该材料的性能分析和结构优化奠定了基础。     

FEM modeling of multilayered textile composites based on shell elements

The paper presents a shell element based unit cell approach for numerical homogenization of fiber reinforced textile laminates. The modeling strategy is set up within the framework of the Finite Element Method. Multilayer laminates comprising equal weaves are considered and the constituents, i.e. the tows as well as the unreinforced matrix pockets are discretized by shell elements only which are coupled appropriately. A study on the effective extensional laminate-shell stiffnesses is presented, the results are discussed, and are compared to approaches found in the literature. Additionally, geometrically nonlinear simulations are conducted and the results are compared with experimental tests from literature.     

Glare层板疲劳性能研究综述

Glare层板是由铝合金和玻璃纤维增强复合材料组成的一种混杂结构材料,是一种新型的航空结构材料。Glare层板具有优异的抗裂纹扩展能力,广泛地应用于飞机较为关键的疲劳结构件上。目前,国外许多研究机构对Glare层板疲劳性能开展了大量的试验研究,综合分析了国外Glare层板的研究文献,对4所研究机构(荷兰Delft理工大学、美国MIT大学、美国California大学和日本Shiga Prefecture大学)开展的Glare层板疲劳性能试验研究进行了分析与总结,简述了不同类型Glare层板抗疲劳裂纹扩展的能力,并提出了今后进一步的研究方向及工作重点。     

机织物复合材料纤维体积含量计算机图像测定

利用CCD 摄像机和专用A/ D 板采集的碳纤维织物增强的复合材料层合板截面图像检测碳纤维机织物增强复合材料的纤维体积含量。按照测定纤维体积含量的原理, 设计了几何法和阀值法的测试步骤。用Photo-shop 软件对所采集的图像进行数据处理分析, 获得了层合板的纤维体积含量值。对比分析表明, 检测结果与所采用复合材料的纤维体积含量标准值相符合。可以认为利用界面图像测定纤维体积含量的方法是可行的。      

不同孔隙率CFRP层合板静态力学性能研究

为了研究孔隙率对织物碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板静态力学性能的影响规律,分别测量了孔隙率为0.33%至1.50%的CFRP层合板的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度,并进行有限元模拟.在适用于复合材料单向板的改进Hashin失效准则基础上,建立了适用于织物纤维增强复合材料静态力学强度的失效准则.通过引入复合材料基本强度参数预测不同孔隙率CFRP层合板的力学性能,结合刚度突然退化模型,采用ABAQUS软件建立了有限元模型.试验结果表明,随着孔隙率的增加,复合材料层合板的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度均呈下降趋势.有限元模型较为准确地预测了不同孔隙率织物碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度.     

拉压加载下纤维增强铝合金层板疲劳裂纹扩展的压载荷效应与预测模型

基于增量塑性损伤理论与纤维增强金属层板疲劳裂纹扩展唯象方法, 推导出在拉-压循环加载下, 纤维增强金属层板疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型。并通过玻璃纤维增强铝合金层板在应力比R=-1,-2的疲劳裂纹扩展实验对预测模型进行验证。结果表明, 纤维增强铝合金层板疲劳裂纹扩展的压载荷效应分为两种情况: 在有效循环应力比R_C>0时, 表现为压载荷对铝合金层所承受残余拉应力的抵消作用; 当R_C<0时, 表现为压载荷抵消残余拉应力后, 对纤维增强铝合金层板金属层的塑性损伤, 对疲劳裂纹扩展存在促进作用。纤维铝合金层板疲劳裂纹扩展的压载荷效应不可忽略, 本文中得出的在拉-压循环加载下疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型与实验结果符合较好。     

纤维增强层板的杂交模型及其应用

根据修正余能原理导出的杂交应力模型,可用于纤维增强叠层各向异性板的分析.这类板的横向剪切变形效应必须予以考虑,因而层板不同层的表面法线的转角是不同的.算例表明本文导出的杂交应力模型具有较高的数值精度.      

频率相关自由阻尼层复合材料加筋板动力分析

采用子空间迭代法和精细积分对敷设粘弹性阻尼层的含损伤复合材料加筋板结构进行了频率和动力响应分析。分析中对层合板和层合梁采用了Adams应变能法与Raleigh阻尼模型相结合的阻尼矩阵构造方法;对表面粘弹性阻尼材料则考虑了材料性质和耗散系数对激振频率与温度的依赖性,建立了频率相关粘弹性材料阻尼矩阵的计算方法。通过有限元分析,分别研究了敷设自由阻尼层无损伤和含分层损伤复合材料加筋板的自振频率和模态特征,并根据幅频曲线讨论了阻尼材料模量、耗散系数和阻尼层厚度等因素对结构响应的影响,提出的计算方法对通过合理选择阻尼层材料与几何参数来有效地控制加筋板结构的振动特性,具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of resin system on the mechanical properties and water absorption of kenaf fibre reinforced laminates

The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical and water absorption properties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibre reinforced laminates made of three different resin systems. The use of different resin systems is considered so that potentially complex and expensive fibre treatments are avoided. The resin systems used include a polyester, a vinyl ester and an epoxy. Laminates of 15%, 22.5% and 30% fibre volume fraction were manufactured by resin transfer moulding. The laminates were tested for strength and modulus under tensile and flexural loading. Additionally, tests were carried out on laminates to determine the impact energy, impact strength and water absorption. The results revealed that properties were affected in markedly different ways by the resin system and the fibre volume fraction. Polyester laminates showed good modulus and impact properties, epoxy laminates displayed good strength values and vinyl ester laminates exhibited good water absorption characteristics. Scanning electron microscope studies show that epoxy laminates fail by fibre fracture, polyester laminates by fibre pull-out and vinyl ester laminates by a combination of the two. A comparison between kenaf and glass laminates revealed that the specific tensile and flexural moduli of both laminates are comparable at the volume fraction of 15%. However, glass laminates have much better specific properties than the kenaf laminates at high fibre volume fractions for all three resins used.     

玻璃纤维-碳纤维混杂增强PCBT复合材料层合板的制备及低速冲击性能

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)预浸料,利用真空袋辅助热压工艺制备了玻璃纤维机织布-碳纤维机织布/聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(GF-CF/PCBT)混杂复合材料层合板。利用双悬臂梁(DCB)和三点端部开口弯曲(3ENF)试验对连续纤维增强PCBT复合材料层合板的层间强度做出评估。同时,利用低速冲击试验结合Abaqus/Explicit有限元仿真重点考察了混杂纤维增强PCBT复合材料层合板的低速冲击性能。试验结果表明:尽管CF/PCBT复合材料层合板具有优异的层间性能,当冲击能量为114.3J时,由于CF自身的脆性,CF/PCBT复合材料层合板被完全穿透,而GF-CF/PCBT混杂复合材料层合板只在表面形成凹痕。与纯CF增强PCBT复合材料层合板相比,铺层形式为[CF/GF/CF]25的GF-CF/PCBT混杂复合材料层合板的抗冲击损伤能力提高2倍。仿真得到的云图显示,冲击引起的应力在CF中的分布区域要明显大于在GF中的分布区域。     

天然纤维增强复合材料吸声性能研究

采用热压成型法制备天然纤维增强复合材料层合板和蜂窝夹芯结构,利用双传声器阻抗管进行吸声性能测试,并与合成纤维增强复合材料层合板和蜂窝夹芯结构进行对比。结果表明:与合成纤维增强复合材料层合板相比,天然纤维增强复合材料层合板虽然具有更优异的吸声性能,但是仍不能满足吸声材料的要求,需通过材料设计进一步提高这种材料的吸声性能。而天然纤维增强蜂窝夹芯结构具有优异的吸声性能,吸声系数峰值高达0.4,可以被用作吸声材料。     

Experimental study on mechanical behavior of laminates at low temperature

A series of tensile tests were conducted to research the mechanical behavior of the glass fiber and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates at low temperature (77 K). The specimens of laminates contained various stacking sequences (angle-ply) and notch geometry (central and edge notch). The curves of loading vs displacement of cross-head were recorded and the curves of stress-strain were got. The strengths of the various laminates were given too. Using a microscope-CCD imaging system, the growth of damage area was imaged. The concept of the energy dissipation density of laminates was presented and the data of the energy dissipation density for some laminates were got. The results showed that the strength and the energy dissipation density of laminates at 77 K are higher than those at 296 K.     

Thermoplastische Hybridlaminate mit variabler Metallkomponente

Hybrid laminates combine the positive properties of the metal and fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) components. Advantages of the FRP, like formability, recyclability as well as suitability for mass production, provide an outstanding advantage over thermosetting matrices. For the production of the hybrid laminates, at first continuous fibers and thermoplastic films are pre‐consolidated to fibre‐reinforced unidirectional tapes. Subsequently, these are pressed together with the metal component in a loadcapable optimized arrangement. Thereby the interface between the FRP and the metal foils is of crucial importance. This paper focuses on hybrid laminates with carbon‐fiber reinforced polyamide (CF‐PA6) functioning as core layers and glass‐fiber reinforced polyamide (GF‐PA6) as intermediate layers between the centre and metal component. Laminates in 2/1 and 3/2 structure with two respectively three metal layers and one respectively two FRP layers are examined. For the metal foil, the aluminium alloy EN AW‐6082 and the titanium alloy Ti3Al2.5V (Grade 9) are used. The production of these laminates, development and adjustment of the interface and the evaluation of mechanical properties are investigated in this article.