扇贝裙边酱油的开发与研究

以扇贝裙边、豆粕、麸皮、小麦为原料,采用多菌种混合制曲,低盐固态发酵酿造扇贝裙边酱油.通过试验得出制曲最佳配料比为扇贝裙边200g、豆粕400g、麸皮400g、水700mL、小麦400g.发酵条件为盐度12%、曲水比11,前10d发酵温度为50℃,后20d发酵温度为45℃.扇贝裙边酱油与传统工艺酿造的酱油相比,海鲜风味浓郁,氨基酸态氮、全氮、牛磺酸、氨基多糖含量分别达到0.83/100mL、1.70g/100mL、7.82×10-5g/100mL、3.51×10-5g/100mL.     

海湾扇贝酱营养成分及品质分析

验以海湾扇贝、豆粕和大米为主要原料,经米曲霉发酵制得海湾扇贝酱。后熟结束后,以海湾扇贝酱的抗氧化性、多酚含量、游离氨基酸含量、黄酮含量和多糖含量为试验指标,对海湾扇贝酱的发酵工艺条件进行考察,同时对海湾扇贝酱的理化指标、感官指标进行了分析。结果显示,海湾扇贝酱的DPPH清除率为95.26%,多酚含量为16.11±0.004 9 mg/g,氨基酸总量达68.40 mg/g,必需氨基酸含量达22.60 mg/g,黄酮含量为1.13 mg/g,多糖含量为1.26 mg/g;海湾扇贝酱的还原糖含量0.54 g/100 g,粗脂肪含量0.81 g/100 g,蛋白质含量13.25 g/100 g。此海湾扇贝酱不但具有豆酱特有的酱香味,而且海鲜风味浓郁。试验表明,由此工艺条件发酵生产的海湾扇贝酱具有低糖、低脂肪、高蛋白和海鲜风味浓厚等特点,为海鲜调味品的发展以及生产提供了理论以及数据依据。     

扇贝酱发酵工艺研究

以扇贝裙边为原料,首先分析了扇贝裙边的营养成分,并从酱油曲精中分离纯化得到米曲霉作为菌种,然后研究了固态发酵法生产天然调味酱主要工艺。结果表明,新鲜扇贝裙边水分含量为86.06%(g/g),总氮含量为1.14%(g/g),氨基态氮含量为0.21%(g/g),最佳发酵工艺参数为扇贝裙边起始含水量40%左右,空气湿度60%~70%,加盐量8%~10%,主酵温度30℃2d,后酵温度60℃1d,再降至10℃以下后熟5~6d。制得的扇贝酱风味和体态最佳,产品中氨基态氮含量基本在0.64%(g/g)~0.69%(g/g)之间,值得的扇贝酱为淡黄色酱状物,入口细腻,香鲜浓郁,有典型的海鲜风味。     

高盐稀态发酵法制作扇贝裙边海鲜酱油的工艺研究

为了实现海产生物资源的多级利用,增加低值海产品加工副产物的附加值,该试验探索了以扇贝加工副产物扇贝裙边为主要原料的海鲜酱油的发酵制备工艺。在确定扇贝裙边取代豆粕的最佳添加比例为50%,米曲霉As3.042和黑曲霉As3.350的制曲配料为豆粕∶扇贝裙边∶粗麦粉∶水=25∶25∶33∶38（g∶g）,培养时间分别为75 h和69 h的基础上,进一步优化了高盐稀态发酵工艺的工艺条件,确定了最佳的发酵时间为160 d,最佳的米曲与黑曲复配比例为1∶2,发酵温度前30 d为15 ℃,后150 d为30 ℃,其总氮和氨基酸态氮的含量分别为1.6 g/100 mL、0.79 g/100 mL,均高于国标要求,且含有普通一级酱油所没有的牛磺酸、氨基多糖等功能性成分。     

扇贝裙边酱油发酵工艺研究

以扇贝裙边、豆粕、麸皮、小麦为原料,采用As 3.042、As3.350、UE336多菌种混合制曲,低盐固态发酵酿造扇贝裙边酱油.通过对氨基态氮、还原糖、牛磺酸、氨基多糖含量的研究以及抗氧化性、降血压的研究,确定扇贝裙边酱油适宜的发酵工艺条件为盐水浓度12%,曲水比1:2,前12 d发酵温度45℃,后18 d发酵温度40℃.     

扇贝裙边酱油高盐稀态工艺研究

实验以扇贝裙边、豆粕、小麦为原料,利用多菌种混合制曲、高盐稀态发酵方法研究开发扇贝裙边海鲜酱油.通过实验确定出最优的制曲条件为裙边:豆粕:小麦:水为50 g:70 g:60 g:70 mL,时间60 h.采用As3.042,As3.350,UE336-2多菌种混合制曲,通过高盐度18%,大盐水量100:250,先低温后常温的发酵工艺,在常温期添加耐盐鲁氏酵母菌,发酵出扇贝裙边海鲜酱油.     

扇贝面酱发酵工艺条件的研究

为开发我国的扇贝资源,提高贝类附加值,研究一种扇贝面酱的发酵工艺。以形态不规则的扇贝柱和面粉为实验材料,研究不同贝柱与面曲添加比例、不同蛋白酶添加量、不同酒醪添加量、不同食盐添加量和不同发酵温度对扇贝面酱氨基酸态氮含量和感官的影响。结果:采用三元一次正交回归实验设计,确定了扇贝面酱较优发酵工艺条件:贝柱56%、面曲28%、蛋白酶1300U/g、酒醪3%和食盐13%,混料后于40℃保温发酵12d。结论:采用米曲霉发酵不规则扇贝柱和面粉,制得一种营养丰富、配比合理、风味鲜美的扇贝面酱。     

不同单菌制曲豆酱风味物质及氨基酸分析比较

分别采用米曲霉（A spergillusoryzae）A S3.042、高大毛霉（M ucorm ucedo）、根霉（R hizopus）和黑曲霉（A spergillusniger）制曲制酱,对后发酵黄豆酱中氨基酸态氮、风味物质和游离氨基酸进行测定分析,发现在45 d氨基酸态氮含量最高,在45~65 d时氨基酸态氮含量保持稳定;判定65 d为发酵终点。测得米曲霉65 d挥发性物质是4种酱中最丰富的,测定米曲霉豆酱游离氨基酸含量为4种酱中最多,为174.17 m g/g干质量,且种类最丰富。     

响应面法优化杏鲍菇曲制曲条件

该研究以米曲霉为菌种制备杏鲍菇曲,以蛋白酶活力、CMC酶活力、β-葡萄糖苷酶活力为指标,通过单因素和响应面试验优化杏鲍菇制曲工艺条件,并比较了杏鲍菇是否制曲对杏鲍菇黄豆酱的氨基酸态氮含量和·OH清除率的影响。结果表明,杏鲍菇曲的最佳制曲条件为杏鲍菇含水量60%,拌入干燥杏鲍菇质量分数10%的面粉,接种后铺成单层,在温度30 ℃的恒温培养箱中培养5 d。在该条件下杏鲍菇曲的平均蛋白酶活力为698.7 U/g、CMC酶活力为98.4 U/g、β-葡萄糖苷酶活力为1 791.4 U/g。所得杏鲍菇曲曲层呈棕绿色、孢子分布均匀。杏鲍菇经米曲霉制曲后与黄豆曲共同发酵成杏鲍菇黄豆酱,可以显著提高酱的氨基酸态氮含量和·OH清除率,使其分别达到6.84 mg/g和75.4%。     

发芽大豆固态发酵功能红曲产Monacolin K工艺技术研究

以MonacolinK为指标,通过单因素和正交试验确定最佳的发酵参数,即基质含水量为40%的发芽大豆,经灭菌冷却后,接种红曲M1和GIM3.439共同发酵,发酵3d后,按3.0%的接种量接种已培养40h的酿酒酵母破壁液,在26℃的恒温培养箱中培养15 d。在此条件下,发酵产品中MonacolinK含量达到2.22mg/g。对产品的安全性进行评价,利用HPLC检测发酵产品中桔霉素和黄曲霉毒素B1的含量,分别为0.10mg/kg和3.4μg/kg,均在相关标准限量范围内。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press