冷轧平整机轧制力预报模型精度的探讨

以宝钢冷轧平整机组为例，简要分析了轧制力计算模型的基本形式和影响轧制力预报精度的因素，并提出改善和提高平整机轧制力预报精度的措施。     

六辊冷连轧机弯辊力设定模型

 基于影响函数法建立六辊冷轧机辊系弹性变形计算模型,从理论上深入分析了主要因素如单位宽度轧制力、中间辊横移位置等对最佳弯辊力的影响,从而建立了合理的弯辊力设定模型。根据中间辊弯辊力与工作辊弯辊力之间存在的关系,建立了更为简化的中间辊弯辊力设定模型,降低了模型现场调试和维护的难度。现场应用效果表明,弯辊力设定值与实测值之间偏差在±20%以外的仅占总数的5.25%,这说明模型具有较高的设定精度。     

Deformation Inhomogeneity and Texture Development brought about in Steel Strip by Multi‐Step Cold Rolling

Predicting the microstructure obtained in cold‐rolled strips is of major importance with regard to optimizing the production of deep‐drawing steels with high and defined mechanical and technological properties. By using the hydrodynamic rolling theory of A. Kneschke, it has been possible to determine the effects of the most important rolling parameters and also of the rolling strategy on the velocity field and on the in‐homogeneous distribution of deformation over the strip thickness. Rolling on experimental laboratory facilities has provided the opportunity to observe the texture evolution. The tests were carried out on two deep‐drawing steel grades IF and ULC. The initial thickness of the strip samples was 3.0 mm. The textures were determined at 3 locations over the strip thickness by means of pole figure measurements according to the X‐ray diffraction method.     

Development of Simulation Software for the Analysis of Multi‐stage Hot Rolling of Strip and Wire Rod

The most important aim of the present work is the development and verification of modularly built software to analyse hot rolling processes. The main focus is on product lines of strip, bar, and wire rod rolling. A consistent program system is created which is capable of analysing material flow and temperature development in order to describe the austenite development during forming and pause times as well as the processes of phase transformation. Besides conclusions on essential points of mechanical properties, further information about residual stress condition and surface quality is partly achieved. Suitable interfaces still have to be developed for further processing of the data obtained. The emphasis of the first project phase has been on optimizing the calculation speed, viz. realizing calculations times close to the real process times.     

Mathematical Modelling for Microstructure Evolution and Development of Ultra Fine Grained Plain Carbon Steel in a Tandem Hot Strip Mill

Society demands high strength and environmental conscious steel and our solution is ultra fine grained steel without any rare earth alloy. We developed mathematical modelling for microstructure evolution and characterized rolling condition for ultra fine grained plain carbon steel in the tandem hot strip mill. We constructed a new tandem hot strip mill rolled at heavy reduction and low temperature in the last 3 stands in the finishing train. We produced ultra fine grained plain carbon strip with grain size of 3 microns. This steel has 30% improved strength and better formability compared to the conventional schedule rolling steel.     

Prediction of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Steel Strip: Part I ‐ Description of Models

A metallurgical through‐process model is presented which describes the microstructural evolution and predicts the final mechanical properties of low carbon steel during hot strip rolling. Process models concern the thermal and deformation phenomena, which take into account the strain, strain rate and temperature distribution along the length of the strip. And the metallurgical models cover five modules, which are (i) austenitization of cast slab in reheating furnace, (ii) recrystallization of austenite in hot rolling, (iii) phase transformation of austenite‐ferrite in laminar cooling on the run‐out‐table, (iv) grain growth after coiling, and (v) final structure‐mechanical properties of products. Temperature is the main parameter and has dominant influence on the microstrutural evolution and the mechanical properties. The related temperature variation in hot strip rolling concerns air cooling, scaling, water cooling, heat transmission by roll contact, heat generation by deformation and friction. These complex factors are incorporated into the thermal models to simulate the temperature distribution along the length of the strip from the reheating furnace exit to the down‐coiler. A self‐learning algorithm is employed to improve the calculation accuracy and the computational temperatures are compared with the measured ones at typical locations. In the structure‐property relationships, two key process parameters (e.g., finishing exit temperature (FT7) and coiling temperature (CT)) are introduced in the model to consider the influence of morphology of microstructure on mechanical properties.     

Application of a Model for Liquid Inclusion Separation at a Steel‐Slag Interface for Laboratory and Industrial Situations

A mathematical model based on the equations of particle motion was used to predict inclusion behavior observed at steel‐slag interface in an in‐situ Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope. The results show that the model can be used to explain some phenomena observed in the experiments. In addition, a parameter study was done in order to illustrate how the model can be used to study the effect of physical properties on the inclusion behavior at the slag‐steel interface for some typical industrial ladle metallurgy conditions. Furthermore, to study the effect of steel temperature, sulfur and oxygen content in the steel, slag and inclusion density as well as initial inclusion velocity on the inclusions behavior at the slag‐steel interface. The results show that the temperature and initial velocity was of less importance and that the oxygen content in the steel had a larger influence on the inclusion behavior than the sulfur content in the steel.