热灌装系统的现状

<正> “饮料系统专家”可能是对SIG饮料机械公司的市场供给能力的最好总结。作为SIG集团的三个分部之一,SIG饮料机械作为独特的液体包装部门,不仅有其独特的制作工厂,而且还能综合SIG整个集团的优势,提供给客户一套完整的市场解决方案,从吹瓶、加工、灌装、贴标到最后的仓储物流。随着无菌灌装的呼声有越来越大的趋势,我们不由得对传统的热灌装设备的市场状况好奇起来,为此我们专门拜访了SIG(中国)饮料机械有限公司     

月饼馅料的研制

研究了月饼馅料的生产工艺,探讨馅料细腻、松软口感的机理及所采取的必要工序,确定合理的月饼馅料生产配方及工艺流程,为工业化生产优质月饼提供有益的参考依据。     

啤特果果汁流变学特性研究

为掌握啤特果果汁的流变学特性,试验对啤特果果汁的流体类型、模量以及温度和可溶性固形物对黏度的影响进行了研究.结果表明,在25、35、45、55、65℃条件下,啤特果果汁的流变曲线方程拟合参数n值<1,属于假塑性流体,其储能模量G′大于损耗模量G″;Arrhenius方程 η=Ke-Ea/RT对温度与黏度的拟合参数R2>...     

仙人掌果籽蛋白提取及功能性质研究

以仙人掌果籽为研究对象,脱脂后采用碱提酸沉法提取其中的蛋白。通过单因素实验研究了料液比、pH、提取时间和提取温度对蛋白提取率的影响,并确定提取工艺的最适条件。此外,对仙人掌果籽蛋白的功能性质如吸水性、吸油性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性和乳化性及乳化稳定性进行了研究,并探讨了pH、Na Cl浓度、蛋白质量浓度等外在因素对其性质的影响。结果表明:碱提酸沉法的最适提取条件为料液比1∶20、pH 10、提取时间40 min、提取温度40℃,在此条件下,蛋白提取率为(68.17±0.33)%;仙人掌果籽蛋白吸水性、吸油性良好,起泡性及泡沫稳定性和乳化性及乳化稳定性受pH、Na Cl浓度和蛋白质量浓度等因素影响显著。     

Antioxidant properties of durian fruit as influenced by ripening

The antioxidant properties of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr., cv. Mon Thong) at different stages of ripening were investigated using fluorometry, UV spectroscopy, and HPLC/DAD analyses. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and flavanols in ripe durian were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in mature and overripe fruits. Free polyphenols and flavonoids were at lower levels than hydrolyzed ones. Caffeic acid and quercetin were the dominant antioxidant substances in ripe durian. In these fruits, methanol extracts contained a relatively high capacity of 74.9 ± 7.1% inhibition using β-carotene-linoleic acid assay. Ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays supported this finding. The correlation coefficients between polyphenols and antioxidant capacities of durian samples with all applied assays were about 0.98. In conclusion, the bioactivity of ripe durian was high and the total polyphenols were the main contributors to the overall antioxidant capacity.     

Purification and some properties of polyphenol oxidase of longan fruit

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was isolated from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit peel, with a 46-fold purification of PPO by ammonium sulfate, Sephadex G-200 and Phenyl Sepharose being achieved. Pyrogallol, 4-methylcatechol, and catechol were good substrates for the enzyme, and activity with chlorogenic acid, p-cresol, resorcinol, or tyrosine was not observed. The optimal pH for PPO activity was 6.5 with 4-methylcatechol. The enzyme had a remarkably temperature optimum (35°C) and was relatively stable, requiring a little more than 20 min at 50°C for 50% loss of activity. Reduced glutathione, l-cysteine, thiourea, FeSO₄ and SnCl₂ markedly inhibited PPO activity, whereas MnSO₄ and CaCl₂ enhanced PPO activity. Data obtained in this study might help to better understand longan fruit peel browning.     

The effect of fruit properties on the apricot bruises susceptibility

Some forces and impacts that occur during transporting and handling can reduce the apricot quality. Bruise damage is a major cause of fruit quality loss. Bruises occur under dynamic and static loading when stress induced in the fruit exceeds the failure stress of the fruit tissue. In this paper, two models were presented to evaluate the bruises susceptibility of apricots due to impact energy and peak contact force. Statistical prediction models of absorption energy were constructed to calculate “Ziaolmolki” apricot bruise susceptibility regarding fruit properties. The impacts were controlled by a pendulum. The regression models were made based on impact force and impact energy as the main independent variables and other parameters including fruit temperature, acoustic stiffness, colour parameter b* and radius of curvature. Pendulum was used to perform three levels of impact on apricot fruit. The main and interactions effects between variables were significant at 5 % probability level. It was demonstrated that increasing the temperature and curvature radius and lowering acoustical stiffness will reduce the bruise damage of the apricot fruit. Also, variance analysis indicated that three controlling factors, temperature, colour and impact force, significantly affected (P < 0.05) absorption energy.     

基于电学特性进行果实品质无损检测的可行性研究

本文介绍了用日置LCR仪测定果实宏观电学特性, 与同步测定的生理指标进行比较研究, 从中探索标志果实成熟度、品质、感染病害、机械损伤的敏感电学参数及测试频率、温度的影响, 为基于电学特性进行果蔬品质无损检测的可行性提供实验证据。     

橡胶果破壳力学特性试验与分析

为研究橡胶果在不同条件下静态压缩破壳力的变化规律,对橡胶果分别进行X、Y、Z 3个加载方向的剪切力、锥刺力、挤压力的静态压缩试验;运用有限元法建立橡胶果的力学模型,研究橡胶果在压缩载荷作用下应力应变情况及损伤规律。试验结果表明:橡胶果在剪切力、锥刺力、挤压力下的破壳力大小关系为F_(挤压力)F_(剪切力)F_(锥刺力);橡胶果较佳的加载方向为Y方向;试验中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类橡胶果的挤压破壳力分别为0.548 0,0.564 5,0.715 1 kN,破壳力随着橡胶果尺寸的增加而增加;有限元分析出最佳加载方向为Y方向,与试验结果一致。     

制备工艺对果渣膳食纤维水合性质的影响

以桃渣和苹果渣为原料,研究湿法粉碎和干燥方式(热风干燥、微波干燥和真空干燥)对果渣膳食纤维的表观黏度和水合性质的影响。结果表明:料水比对果渣纤维溶液的黏度影响较大,黏度随着料水比的增大而显著增大;粉碎后,果渣的水合能力显著提高,粉碎时间对水合能力影响较显著,而料水比对果渣纤维的水合能力影响不明显(P>0.05);两种果渣的最合适粉碎时间为5min,A渣和B渣的最佳料水比分别为1:4和1:2。果渣纤维的真空干燥的效果优于微波干燥和热风干燥。     

Changes in optical and mechanical properties during osmodehydrofreezing of kiwi fruit

The influence of osmotic dehydration and freezing–thawing on optical (colour and translucency) and mechanical properties of kiwi slices were analysed. Osmotic treatments were carried out in sucrose solutions up till the soluble solids in kiwi fruit reached 30 °Brix, both at atmospheric pressure (OD) and by applying a vacuum pulse (PVOD). Analyses were carried out on fresh and dehydrated samples before and after frozen storage (at −18 °C for 1 and 30 days). Reflexion spectra (400–700 nm) were measured to obtain the Kubelka–Munk coefficients and CIE-L*a*b* colour co-ordinates. Mechanical properties were analysed through the compression test. A transparency gain was observed in PVOD treated samples and in frozen–thawed samples, which implied a reduction in product clarity and chrome. Colour hue did not change notably, due to either osmotic treatments or freezing. Samples treated with 45 °Brix osmotic solution at atmospheric pressure were the best preserved in mechanical properties after freezing–thawing.     

诃子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

测定了黑诃子、金诃子和毛诃子的粗脂肪含量及相应油脂的酸值、皂化值和脂肪酸组成,结果发现毛诃子的含油率最高,为3.50%。三种诃子油的酸值为7.95、6.27、9.07 mg KOH/g;皂化值为267.0、222.8、261.1 mg KOH/g;均含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和三十碳酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量超过60%,主要为油酸和亚油酸,具有降低血脂的作用,使诃子油成为一种极具开发价值的保健油脂。     

Flow behaviors of fruit and stem extracts from Korean cactus (Opuntia humifusa)

Water extracts from the fruit and stem of Korean cactus (Opuntia humifusa, OH) showed a prototypical pseudo-plastic behavior. The pseudo-plasticity was increased with increasing concentration and decreasing temperature. The extract from the stems showed higher shear stress, consistency, and yield stress than that from fruits. The flows were examined at different concentrations, temperatures, pH, and salt content. The activation energies from fruits and stems increased from 4.127×10³ to 1.584×10³ J/kg·mol and from 16.162×10³ to 10.014×10³ J/kg·mol, respectively, as concentration increased. The concentration-dependant constant K1 from fruits and stems decreased from 0.233 to 0.185 mPa·s and from 30.476 to 66.198mPa·s, respectively, as temperature increased. The viscosity from fruits and stems increased as pH increased, while decreased as Ca²⁺ concentration increased. The unusual flow behaviors of stems and fruits might play a major role in developing food products using OH extracts.     

The effects of varying sugar content and fruit concentration on the physical properties of vanilla and fruit ice-cream-type frozen yogurts

In this study, the physical properties of samples of ice cream produced from yogurt with varying levels of sugar (18, 20 or 22%) and fruit (strawberry) concentration (15, 20 or 25%) were investigated. The results of the physical analysis indicate that as the amount of sugar and fruit increases, there is an increase in the first dripping time period, viscosity values and the overrun. However, complete melting times decreased in parallel with the increase in sugar content and fruit concentration. It was observed that an increase in the amount of sugar in vanilla frozen yogurt softened the structure. In strawberry ice-cream-type frozen yogurt, the structure hardened in parallel with the increase in fruit concentration. In addition, the results show that frozen yogurts with high sugar (V3) and fruit (St3) concentrations are the type most preferred by the panellists. The results of the sensory analysis suggest that frozen yogurt can be an alternative to other dairy products such as yogurt and ice cream.     

Some properties of an acidic protein-bound polysaccharide from the fruit of pumpkin

To contribute toward our understanding of therapy mechanism of pumpkin protein-bound polysaccharides, homogeneity and weight-average molecular weight of an acidic polysaccharide from the fruit of pumpkin (APBPP) was determined by HPLC. The amino acid and monosaccharide composition of APBPP were tested. In the acid hydrolysates of APBPP, analysis by HPLC showed the presence of mannose and arabinose in molar ratios of 1:2. Eighteen amino acids were identified to be components of the polymer. Alanine was the main amino acid (0.13%), followed by glutamic acid (0.113%) and serine (0.088%). But the relationship between the contents of amino acids and hypoglycemic activity of APBPP is not clear.