基于模运算标签分类的RFID标签防碰撞识别方法

为了解决射频识别(RFID)系统中的多标签防碰撞问题,在分析帧时隙ALOHA算法的基础上,提出一种基于模运算标签分类的RFID标签防碰撞识别方法。引入一种检测信息碰撞的时隙选择信息,对标签所选取时隙的碰撞情况进行分析并估计标签数量;然后对标签EPC编码进行逐级的取模运算,将同余的标签归为一组。各个标签经过K次取模运算后,分为2k组,每组只有发生少量碰撞位的标签。再将标签按照分组对应的时隙发送,碰撞标签采用二叉树后退式算法处理。本方法极大的提高了标签的识别效率,适用于射频识别系统中阅读器对于大量电子标签的快速识别。     

Bi-slotted tree based anti-collision protocols for fast tag identification in RFID systems

This paper is intended to present bi-slotted tree based RFID tag anti-collision protocols, bi-slotted query tree algorithm (BSQTA) and bi-slotted collision tracking tree algorithm (BSCTTA). Diminishing prefix overhead and iteration overhead is a significant issue to minimize the anti-collision cost. For fast tag identification, BSQTA and BSCTTA use time divided responses depending on whether the collided bit is `0' or `1' at each tag ID. According to the simulation results, BSQTA and BSCTTA require less time consumption for tag identification than the other tree based RFID tag anti-collision protocols     

Enhanced binary search with cut-through operation for anti-collision in RFID systems

RFID systems allow contactless identification of objects using radio frequency. When there is more than one transponder within the interrogation area of a reader, all the transponders may send data (or tags) at the same time which may lead to mutual interference. This event causes data loss and is referred to as a collision. In this letter, we propose an enhanced binary search with cut-through operation to minimize the anti-collision cost. The analytic results show that the proposed scheme achieves low delay in the collision resolution with low power consumption.     

基于RFID技术的自适应分组标签防碰撞算法研究

RFID技术具有安全可靠、可远距离识别等特点,被广泛应用于智能识别与机器人技术中。传统的类标签算法普遍存在不足,文中基于RFID技术研究了自适应分组的标签防碰撞算法。自适应分组的标签防碰撞算法在一定程度上改善了多目标标签的情形,提高了系统的识别速度,且利用了阅读器与标签中的信息通道。仿真结果表明,自适应分组标签防碰撞算法可以大幅减少能量损耗,提高识别精度,弥补了传统算法的不足。     

Framed slotted ALOHA with grouping tactic and binary selection for anti-collision in RFID systems

9%-16.3% compared to other ALOHA-based tag anti-collision algorithms when the number of tags is 1 000.     

Improved RFID anti-collision algorithm

In this paper, we propose an improved anti-collision technique based on the binary search algorithm. The improvement is achieved thanks to the manner of the requests’ building. This latter reduces considerably the responding tag's numbers and therefore, decreases the probability of bit's collision. Further, the algorithm provides a noticeable advantage for the length of transmitted binary data compared against basic binary search and dynamic binary search algorithms. Besides, it provides same performance in terms of average request's number making the identification process faster, and the expose time of information is then reduced.     

RFID防碰撞算法的研究

随着物联网技术的高速发展,作为其关键技术之一的RFID显得愈为重要。标签碰撞的应用在RFID系统中是不可避免的,因此RFID防碰撞算法是RFID系统中一个重要问题,直接决定了RFID系统可以识别多个标签的能力。目前防碰撞算法在时域上主要可以分为非确定性算法（ALOHA算法）和确定性算法（树形算法）两大类。本文分析了现存的两大类算法中主流的防碰撞算法,总结出两大类算法的优点以及存在的问题。通过MATLAB仿真进一步证明此结论,并总结未来研究中需要继续关注的问题与方向。     

Secure and efficient lightweight RFID authentication protocol based on fast tag indexing

During the radio‐frequency identification authentication process, it is of great significance to quickly find out the target tag from all tags stored in the database, because it affects the authentication performance to a great extent. Most of the existing schemes use the Hash or pseudorandom number generator operation to locate the target tag, but if the number of tags is extremely large, vast Hash or pseudorandom number generator operations may take much time and lower the authentication efficiency. To locate the target tag quickly, the RAP and LADP protocols adopt the simple value comparison method, and the back‐end server can easily find the target tag by directly comparing the received index‐pseudonym value with those stored in the database. This method does improve the authentication performance, but it results that these schemes suffer from the tag tracking attack. Motivated by these concerns, we propose a novel tag indexing method called the two‐layer tag indexing mechanism, and at the same time, we give a lightweight radio‐frequency identification authentication protocol based on it. Analyses show that our scheme can effectively resist the tag tracking attack and is almost as efficient as the RAP and LADP protocols in indexing tags. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differential RCS of RFID tag

The differential radar cross-section (RCS) of an RFID tag is an important parameter which determines the power of the modulated backscattered tag signal. The vector differential RCS of an RFID tag as seen by the reader is analysed and, for the first time, compared with experimental results in UHF band     

A capture-aware access control method for enhanced RFID anti-collision performance

This letter presents a novel anti-collision algorithm for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems that drastically improve throughput performance via an intelligent access control for capture inducement. In order to induce the capture, our protocol attempts to divide tags into multiple groups depending on received signal strength, and allow only a selected pair of groups to join the contention process, in which the outcome of contention is more likely to lead to capture due to a significant difference in their signal strengths. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the existing approaches in terms of throughput.     

RFID系统中标签天线的设计

本文根据微带天线的基本理论,设计出了一款用于标签的微带对称振子天线.该天线的中心频率为915MHz,回波损耗为-25.596dB;但是该天线阻抗带宽较窄,在VSWR<2的条件下,带宽为20.375%.     

Dual-band HF-UHF RFID tag antenna

A dual-band HF and UHF RFID tag antenna with two feeding points is presented, fabricated and measured. A convenient HF resonance is obtained with an HF ASIC chip as well as good impedance matching with UHF ASIC chip in the European RFID UHF band. Tuning techniques of the design parameters are proposed, and tag performance in both frequency bands is evaluated.     

Indirect coupling method for RFID tag antenna design

Proposed is an indirect coupling method for designing an RFID tag antenna, which can not only achieve broadband operation, but can also conveniently implement a complex conjugate impedance match between an antenna and an RFID chip. An equivalent circuit model of the proposed coupling method is presented to characterise the performance of the antenna. An example is included to demonstrate the coupling method for an antenna with half-power bandwidth of approximately 16% (840-985 MHz), and which covers the entire UHF RFID frequency band. Estimated and simulated results are shown to be in good agreement with measured ones.     

一种RFID标签天线视觉检测方法与实现

在此提出了一种RFID电子标签天线瑕疵逐片高速检测方法。该方法对工业相机拍摄的RFID天线图像进行模板图像与目标图像的对齐,利用图像差分输出两者的残余图像,通过对残余图像进行连通域分析实现对天线图像的高精度瑕疵检测。本检测方法的精度可达2×2 pixels,并已成功应用到RFID天线检测设备上,天线瑕疵尺寸检测精度可达0.2 mm×0.2 mm。     

Tree-based backoff protocol for fast RFID tag identification

This paper proposes a tree-based backoff (TBB) protocol that reduces the number of iterations implemented in the procedure of tag collision arbitration in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. This is achieved by employing the following mechanisms: one is send the request command iteratively to all tags in the interrogation zone until a single tag is identified. The other is backward to the parent node instead of root node to obtain the request parameters and send the request command again until all tags are identified. Compared with the traditional tree-based protocol, on average, simulated results show that the TBB protocol reduces the number of the iterations by 72.3% and the identification delay by 58.6% and achieves the goal of fast tag identification.     

Application of ICA-based anti-collision algorithm in RFID system

Data collision problem exists in radio frequency identification (RFID) system when tabs are present in the interrogation zone of a single reader at the same time. Though different anti-collision methods have been proposed, it still needs further study on how to improve the identification ability especially in the interference circumstance. This paper presents a new method based on independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm. Coded division multiple access (CDMA) technology is adopted at the transmitter and the maximum signal to noise ratio is applied at the receiver of the RFID system. The proposed method has been verified by computer simulation which shows that the system can separate different users’ source data correctly based on ICA algorithm and has better performance compared with the traditional CDMA technology.     

A compact low-power UHF RFID tag

In this paper, the design of an ultra-low-power UHF RFID tag is introduced. The system architecture and the communication protocols are chosen to operate with the minimum requirements possible from the RFID tag. By moving most of system functionality to the RFID reader side, the circuit requirements of the RFID tag circuits are relaxed. Supply voltages for both analog and digital parts are chosen carefully for minimum power consumption. The RFID tag is designed in standard digital 0.13 μm CMOS technology. Simulations results of the main blocks are shown. The power consumption of the chip is only 1 μW, and the chip area is only 0.14 mm×0.23 mm.     

射频识别系统的防冲突算法改进与实现

在射频识别系统中.须采取有效的防冲突算法解决多个标签与阅读器数据交换时引起的数据冲突问题.在对ALOHA算法和二进制算搜索法进行分析的基础上提出一种新的防冲突算法.该算法采取动态互补的二进制树形搜索法,充分利用已得到的冲突信息.有效减小了判决过程中数据的传输量.提高了标签的识别效率.仿真结果表明,改进后的算法可有效解决标签间的冲突.     

RFID超薄抗金属标签天线设计

设计了一款UHF频段RFID超薄抗金属电子标签天线,该天线采用Koch分形结构实现小型化。天线采用FPC材料作为标签天线的介质基板,厚度仅为0.25 mm。其良好的柔韧性使其能用于有共形要求的场合。仿真和测试表明,提出的天线具有较宽的带宽(900~930 MHz)、相对高的增益(约–10.7 d B)、较高的天线效率及较大的阅读距离(约3 m),可应用于物联网中对金属物体的管理。