Japanese research and development on metallic biomedical,dental, and healthcare materials

There is considerable demand for metallic materials for use in medical and dental devices. Metals and alloys are widely used as biomedical materials and are indispensable in the medical field. In dentistry, metal is used for restorations, orthodontic wires, and dental implants. This article describes R&D on metallic biomaterials primarily conducted by the members of the Japan Institute of Metals. For more information, contact Mitsuo Niinomi, Toyohashi University of Technology, Department of Production Systems Engineering, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho.Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan     

RP-HPLC法同时测定卡马西平、拉莫三嗪、苯巴比妥、苯妥英钠及环氧卡马西平的血清浓度

目的: 建立同时测定血清中卡马西平(CBZ)、拉莫三嗪(LTG)、苯巴比妥(PB)、苯妥英钠(PHT)及10,11-环氧卡马西平(CBZE)血清浓度的反相高效液相色谱法。方法: 0.1ml样本血清经1ml二氯甲烷∶异丙醇(95∶5)混合溶液提取,以氟西泮(FZP)为内标,流动相为乙腈:磷酸盐缓冲液(30∶70),37℃下经SymmetryRP18(150mm×3.9mm,5μm)色谱柱洗脱、分离,220nm紫外波长检测。结果: 在一定浓度范围内(CBZ:0.47~30.00mg·L^-1,LTG:0.63~40.00mg·L^-1,PB:1.25~80.00mg·L^-1,PHT:0.63~40.00mg·L^-1,CBZE:0.31~20.00mg·L^-1)各被测药物与内标的峰面积之比与浓度呈良好的线性关系,回收率均高于95%(95%~104%,n=6),日内和日间变异均小于4%(0.76%~3.97%,1.34%~3.76%,n=6)。结论: 本方法操作简便,精密度好,回收率高,经临床用于常用抗癫痫药血药浓度的监测,其结果稳定可靠,可为临床进行群体药动学研究及实施个体化给药提供真实可信的资料。     

Synthesis,theoretical characterisation and spectra of thiophene–fluorene π-conjugated derivatives

The syntheses, spectral measurements and the theoretical study of 2-((9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)methyl)thiophene (A), ((9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)methyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)thiophene (B), 1-(5-((9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)propan-1-one (C), 1- (5-((9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)pentan-1-one (D), 1,2-bis(1-(5-((9H-fluoren-9-ylidene) methyl)thiophen-2-yl)propylidene)hydrazine (E) and 1,2-bis(1-(5-((9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)pentylidene)hydrazine (F) are presented. The electron absorption and fluorescence spectra of prepared molecules are measured in polymer matrix and solution. The influence of the conformation (e.g. cis- and trans-forms in the case of E and F molecules) on electronic spectra are interpreted by ZINDO/S method. Our results indicate that the thiophene rings connected with terminal fluorene chromophores through the double bounded carbon atom seem to be suitable candidates for the subsequent preparation of the electro-optical materials.     

Dependences of Adsorbed Quantities and Separation Quantities and Separation Coefficients of Components of Binary Mixtures of Methane with Ethane,Propane, and Butane on the Composition of Mixtures,Temperatures, and Pressure

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Due to the need to develop technologies for nonregenerative adsorptive separation of ethane, propane, and butane from mixtures (1–5%)...     

顺式-碘氯[(1R,2R)-(-)-1,2-环己二胺]合铂(Ⅱ)的合成及结构表征

为了合成新型铂抗癌药物米铂的代谢产物之一顺式-碘氯[(1R,2R)-(-)-1,2-环己二胺]合铂(Ⅱ),以K2PtCl4为起始原料先后与二甲基亚砜、(1R,2R)-(-)-1,2-环己二胺、AgNO3、KI和KCl反应合成目标化合物。采用元素分析、质谱、核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和热分析方法分析其组成和结构,结果显示合成的化合物结构与标题化合物一致。     

The processing,properties, and structure of carbon fibers

This paper reviews the processing, properties, and structure of carbon fibers. Carbon fibers are derived from several precursors, with polyacrylonitrile being the predominant precursor used today. Carbon fibers have high strength (3–7 GPa), high modulus (200–500 GPa), compressive strength (1–3 GPa), shear modulus (10–15 GPa), and low density (1.75–2.00 g/cm³). Carbon fibers made from pitch can have modulus, thermal, and electrical conductivities as high as 900 GPa, 1,000 W/mK, and 10⁶ S/m, respectively. These fibers have become a dominant material in the aerospace industry and their use in the automotive and other industries is growing as their cost continues to come down. For more information, contact Satish Kumar, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, 801 Ferst Drive, NW MRDC-1, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295; (404) 894-7550; fax (404) 894-8780; e-mail satish.kumar@ptfe.gatech.edu.     

Effect of strain,strain rate and temperature on workability of AZ80 wrought magnesium alloy

The hot deformation behavior of AZ80 wrought magnesium alloy was studied in the temperature range of 523-673 K and the strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1 using hot compression tests.Through the flow stresses behavior,the processing maps were calculated and analyzed according to the dynamic materials model.The stable,metastable and unstable regimes were clarified.The optimum processing conditions were suggested as following:the DRX regions in Domain #1-0.25,Domain #2-0.25,Domain #1-0.45,Domain #2-0.45,Domain #3-0.45,Domain #1-0.65 and Domain #1-0.85,and the DRV regions in Domain #3-0.25 and Domain #4-0.45.In each "safe" DRX domain,it is preferable to conduct hot working in the small region around efficiency peak point.The strain has a great influence on the processing maps.The whole area of the "safe" domains increases with the increase of true strain from 0.25 to 0.65,while it decreases with the increase of true strain from 0.65 to 0.85.The results of kinetic analysis reveal that the values of apparent activation energy in all the domains are higher than that for self-diffusion in pure magnesium (135kJ/mol),and the deformation mechanism in all the domains is likely to be cross-slip.     

MTHFR,GSTP1,ERCC1基因多态性与结直肠癌FOLFOX化疗方案疗效相关性研究

目的: 探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR),谷胱甘肽S转移酶P1(glutathione S-transferase pi-1,GSTP1),核苷酸切除修复交叉互补组-1(excision repair cross-complementing group 1,ERCC1)基因多态性与结直肠癌5-氟尿嘧啶/奥沙利铂/亚叶酸钙(FOLFOX)化疗方案疗效的相关性。方法: 150例晚期大肠癌患者抽取静脉血并提取DNA,用荧光定量PCR和高分辨率溶解曲线分型技术(HRM-SNP)等方法检测患者MTHFR、GSTP1、ERCC1基因型。所有患者均经FOLFOX方案治疗,以实体瘤化疗疗效评价标准(RECIST1.1) 评价疗效。运用SPSS 19.0 结合临床资料进行统计分析。结果: ⑴患者性别,年龄,结直肠癌分期(TNM),肿块部位等和FOLFOX化疗疗效均无明显相关性(P>0.05)。⑵GSTP1 Ile105Val Ile/Ile和Ile/Val+Val/Val有效率分别为19.7%、20.5%,两组基因型之间的OR值为 2.876,95%CI(1.288,6.424),P<0.05;MTHFR Ala222 Val Ala/Ala和Ala/Val+Val/Val有效率分别为 11.8%、28.3%,OR值为 2.236,95%CI(1.020,5.017),P<0.05。结论: GSTP1 Ile105Val 、MTHFR Ala222 Val单核苷酸多态性与结直肠癌对FOLFOX方案化疗疗效相关,检测GSTP1 Ile105Val、MTHFR Ala222Val单核苷酸多态性可能成为预测结直肠癌患者接受FOLFOX方案化疗疗效的指标。     

Effects of 1WT.% Ti,In, and Sn Additions on the Microstructure,Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of the As-Cast and Hot-Rolled AM60 Magnesium Alloys

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - We study the influence of 1 wt.% Ti, In and Sn additions on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the as-cast and hot-rolled AM60...     

Modeling the dislocation properties and mechanical behavior of Ir,Rh, and their refractory alloys

While interest is growing in iridiumand rhodium-based refractory alloys as new materials for ultra-high-temperature applications, very little is known about the fundamental factors controlling their mechanical properties. Experimental difficulties with in-situ investigations of these alloys emphasize the need for theoretical modeling as an important tool for accelerated progress in this field. This article presents results of an investigation of the brittle/ductile behavior and dislocation properties in iridium, rhodium, and their L1₂ intermetallic alloys based on first-principles total energy calculations. For more information, contact Oleg Y. Kontsevoi, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Room F251, Evanston, IL 60208-3112; (847) 491-8637; fax (847) 491-5082; e-mail ok@mars.phys.northwestern.edu.     

双电解质溶液HCl-H2O-MCln(M=Ni， Cu， Na， Fe)中水活度系数的计算

将水溶液中电解质处理成它们的分子形式而不是它们的离子形式，并基于两电解质之间的相互作用能相对于它们与水的相互作用能可以忽略这一假设前提，提出了简化的正规溶液模型，以计算双电解质溶液体系ＨＣｌＨ２ＯＭＣｌｎ（Ｍ＝Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｎａ，Ｆｅ）中水的活度系数。模型中所包含的两个参数为组元对的相互作用能，由实验数据估算了所讨论体系中涉及的５个组元对的相互作用能。不同双电解质体系得到的ＨＣｌＨ２Ｏ组元对的相互作用能极为吻合，表明所提出的模型是合理的。     

超轻双相镁锂合金的超塑性、显微组织演变与变形机理

采用熔铸、大变形轧制(加工率大于92%)和硝酸盐浴退火方法制备Mg-7.83%Li 合金与Mg-8.42%Li合金细晶板材,研究合金的超塑性、显微组织、空洞与断裂形貌和变形机制.计算α相(5.7%Li)和β相(11%Li)的扩散系数和Gibbs自由能,讨论573 K时超塑性晶粒长大的原因.结果表明:Mg-7.83Li和Mg-8.42Li合金分别获得850%和920%的最大超塑性;Mg-7.83Li合金在573 K时发生了显著的超塑性晶粒长大;在573 K和1.67×10~(-3) s~(-1)条件下制备的Mg-8.42Li合金中的空洞较少,且在变形区中随机而孤立地分布.断裂形貌观察发现Mg-8.42Li合金在573 K和5×10~(-4) s~(-1)条件下发生穿晶断裂;Mg-7.83Li合金在573 K和1.67×10~(-3) s~(-1)条件下发生沿晶界韧窝断裂.归一化实验数据与考虑位错数量的变形机制图对比表明合金超塑性变形机制为晶格扩散控制的位错调节的晶界滑移.     

Synthesis,characterization, and dc conductivity of hydrogen-bonding dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (DBTTF) based salts

The synthesis, characterization, and dc conductivity of organic conductors, 1-[2-(1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-benzodithiol-5-yl]ethylammonium tetrafluoroborate ([DBTTFCH(Me)NH₃⁺]BF₄^?) and 1-[2-(1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-benzodithiol-5-yl]ethylammonium bromide ([DBTTFCH(Me)NH₃⁺]Br^?) salts are presented. These salts are prepared by mixing the corresponding primary amine and Brønsted acid in a one-to-one ratio without electrochemical oxidation. The change in the electronic state of insulating DBTTFCH(Me)NH₂ into conductive [DBTTFCH(Me)NH₃⁺]X^? (X = BF₄ and Br) salts and the carrier generation upon salt formation were confirmed by diffuse reflectance (UV–vis) and ESR spectra. The concentration of localized radicals is estimated to be 1 radical/3.3 units and 1 radical/1.8 units for BF₄ and Br salts, respectively. The possible carrier generation mechanism is proposed by ¹H NMR and ESI-TOF-MS spectroscopic analyses. The dc conductivity and the activation energy are σ_rt = 2.3 × 10^?3 S/cm with 0.24 eV for the BF₄ salt, and σ_rt = 1.3 × 10^?3 S/cm with 0.21 eV for the Br salt.     

The Water-Soluble Peripheral Substituted Phthalocyanines as Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in 0.1 N HCl: Gravimetric,Electrochemical, SEM-EDS,and Quantum Chemical Calculations

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Corrosion inhibition effects of water-soluble peripheral substituted cobalt, copper and zinc metallophthalocyanines (CoPc (1), CuPc (2) and...     

Deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and hot workability of Mg-3.7Gd-2.9Y-0.7Zn-0.7Zr alloy

The deformation behavior of Mg-3.7Gd-2.9Y-0.7Zn-0.7Zr magnesium alloy has been investigated by thermal compression test conducted on a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator in the temperature range of 375-475 °C and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^-1. It indicates that the addition of RE, the introduction of LPSO phases and the segregation of Zr element near the grain boundaries contributed to the high activate energy (Q = 354.08 kJ/mol) of the present Mg alloy. The long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase could not only strengthen the alloy and contribute to the nucleation of dynamic recrystallization, but also re-precipitate in the recrystallization grains. The processing map based on MDMM and Murty’s instability criterion was more precise than the one based on DMM and Prasad’s instability criterion. The processing map exhibited two workable regions with sufficient dynamic recrystallization: 415-435 °C, 0.001-0.006 s^-1 and 435-475 °C, 0.01-1 s^-1. The flow instability was prone to occur at low temperature and high strain rate associated with the appearance of bands of flow localization and cracking.     

超细晶工业纯钛的变形、应变速率敏感性和激活体积

在温度为250~450 ℃、应变速率为1×10-4-1 s-1的条件下,对超细晶工业纯钛进行变速率压缩实验,计算超细晶工业纯钛的应变速率敏感性因子和激活体积,并研究超细晶工业纯钛的变形行为。研究结果表明：超细晶工业纯钛在稳态变形阶段存在流变软化效应,这是受变形过程中大角度晶界和位错活动所控制的。超细晶工业纯钛的应变速率敏感性因子和激活体积在数值上都相对较低,应变速率敏感性随着变形温度的升高而增加,但激活体积独立于变形温度。应变速率敏感性和激活体积的数值表明晶粒内部位错之间的交互作用几乎不发生,而位错与晶界之间的交互作用显著影响超细晶工业纯钛的塑性变形。     

Synthesis,characterization, and NLO properties of novel chromophores based on dipicolinate

Three novel chromophores, trans-dimethyl 4-(4′-methoxystyryl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (5), trans-dimethyl 4-(4′-nitrostyryl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (6), trans-dimethyl 4-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)vinyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (7) were synthesized and characterized. Their absorption, photoluminescence as well as two-photon absorption properties were studied. These compounds have strong linear absorption bands around 322–340 nm. From femtoscond nonlinear transmission measurements, compounds 5 and 7 have effective two-photon cross sections (σ) at 800 nm.     

Selective synthesis and characterization of metallic cobalt, cobalt/platinum, and platinum microspheres

Metallic cobalt microspheres have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method in the presence of poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), and the diameters of these spheres are in the range of 1-2 μm. Bimetallic Co/Pt microspheres and hollow noble metal Pt microspheres have also been selectively synthesized by adjusting the amount of reactants of replacement reaction in which corresponding noble metal compound and metallic cobalt microspheres are used as starting materials. The study on catalytic activities of the as-prepared metallic microspheres on hydrolysis of ammonia-borane for hydrogen generation reveals that Co/Pt (molar ratio 5:1) bimetallic microspheres are far more active than the hollow noble metal Pt microspheres.     

挤压Mg-Li-Zn-Ce-Y-Zr合金的热变形行为

在温度T=250~450℃,应变速率为0.001~10s-1的条件下,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对挤压Mg-7.8%Li-4.6%Zn-0.96%Ce-0.85%Y-0.30Zr合金进行高温热压缩试验,分析流变应力曲线特点。合金的流变应力曲线表现出动态再结晶特征,动态再结晶是热变形过程中的主要软化机制。流变应力峰值随温度的降低和应变速率的增大而升高。稀土相化合物和α相促进β相的动态再结晶,使α相再结晶减缓。在热变形过程中动态再结晶迅速,流变应力曲线表现为临界应变较小,加工硬化迅速被动态软化所掩盖。     

Magnetic Properties,Magnetocaloric Effect,and Critical Behavior of Gd – Co – Ge Amorphous Ribbons

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The effect of structural disordering on the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of amorphous (Gd4Co3)1–xGex (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) alloys is...