共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 612 毫秒
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反应堆启动初始阶段,中子注量非常低,是一般核测量系统的测量盲区。针对测量盲区的问题,设计了一种高灵敏度宽量程的中子注量率探测器。通过计算及实验表明,该探测器具有稳定的性能,能提供一种反应堆物理启动过程中盲区中子注量率测量的方法。 相似文献
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ADS次临界反应堆的点堆中子动力学方程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)中的次临界反应堆与临界反应堆相比,中子注量率的空间分布具有严重的不均匀性,同时中子平均能量较高且中子能量变化复杂,中子价值变化大,因而传统的点堆动力学方程不能较为真实地模拟ADS次临界反应堆。本文从含多群中子多组缓发中子先驱核的动力学方程出发,给出其共轭方程。然后利用稳态扩散方程及其共轭方程的共轭关系,推导得出含有归一化功率的动力学方程表达式。进而定义多个特征算子,导出了含有源中子价值的点堆中子动力学方程,并对几种简单情况进行了初步验证,为进一步分析ADS次临界反应堆的动态过程奠定了基础。 相似文献
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利用固体径迹探测器测量反应堆不同位置燃料元件内的中子注量率,得到反应堆燃料元件内的中子注量率分布。与对应点慢化剂内中子注量率进行比较,对反应堆物理实验中一个近似假设公式ΦU(r)/ΦU≈ΦM(r)/ΦM进行了验证。给出了该公式成立的条件。 相似文献
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启明星1#次临界装置是我国为开展加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)研究而建立的国际上第1个具有快-热耦合结构的次临界反应堆实验装置。启明星1#次临界装置在确定的装载下、由不同能量的外中子源作用时,利用MCNP程序分别对装置快中子能谱区、热中子能谱区燃料元件的径向及轴向裂变率分布进行模拟计算,所使用外中子源的中子能量分别为2.5、5、14MeV。计算结果表明:在外中子源源强相同的情况下,源中子能量越高,裂变率越大;在源中子能量相同的情况下,次临界反应堆的轴向裂变率分布为中间高、两端低,径向裂变率分布在快中子能谱区先减小后增大,而热中子能谱区则是先增大后减小,然后,随着接近反射层又逐渐增大。该裂变率分布计算结果为后续实验测量和探测器布置提供了参考。 相似文献
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针对中国先进研究堆(CARR)反应堆启动过程中源量程探测器盲区的问题,设计了反应堆启动辅助中子监测装置。在反应堆启动初期,通过在反射层内垂直孔道中增加中子监测装置,可解决堆外探测盲区的问题。通过反应堆启动试验验证了设计的合理性,取得良好的试验效果。试验结果表明,在堆启动初期,堆外探测器无法探测到堆内中子的变化,本装置可实现连续中子探测,并完成与堆外探测器的量程衔接。本装置解决了探测器盲区的问题,为反应堆安全运行提供了保障。 相似文献
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SPRR-300反应堆混凝土屏蔽层内中子注量率分布研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用MCNP程序与ANISN程序结合的计算方案获取了SPRR-300反应堆混凝土屏蔽层内的中子注量率分布情况,同时采用固体核径迹探测器测量了混凝土屏蔽层外低水平中子注量率,两者吻合较好,说明了计算结果的可信性。上述结果为反应堆退役工作提供了放射性源项的计算依据。 相似文献
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压水堆核电厂启动过程中,次级中子源为堆外源量程探测器提供本底计数率,避免测量盲区,确保反应堆安全启动。但次级中子源的引入会为核电厂带来较大的经济和环境负担,同时也需承受次级中子源破损等带来的风险。为此,可使用受辐照燃料组件的自发裂变中子源进行替代,即无源启动方式。通过研究堆外源量程探测器计数率的理论计算方法,并基于运行电厂测量数据进行分析验证,为源量程探测器计数率的理论预估提供了较为完善的理论方法流程。本文结果可为无源启动源量程探测器计数率分析提供支持,同时也可用于次级中子源装载量或布置位置的优化分析等。 相似文献
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利用测热技术测量核反应堆中子通量密度 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
一种新型中子探测器被研究,其原理是利用带电离子在矿物中沉积的能量退火时会以热量的方式释放出来,通过测量释放的热量而确定中子通量密度。对新型中子探测器进行刻度,在反应堆内某位置测量的热中子通量密度为5.108×1011 cm-2•s-1,与标定的热中子通量密度(5.000×1011 cm-2•s-1)在2%内符合,说明该探测器可测量中子通量密度。本文方法制作的探测器体积小,可制作成不同形状,便于反应堆不同环境下的中子通量密度测量。选取相应中子能量反应截面较大的元素,该探测器还可测量不同中子能量的通量密度。 相似文献
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为监测核电厂首循环装料、停堆以及启动过程中的堆芯状态,国内外核电厂一般在堆芯引入2个一次中子源组件,但一次中子源均为国外进口,存在进口受限的问题。为解决此问题,研究首循环取消一次中子源组件,采用燃料组件自发裂变产生的中子作为启动用中子源。燃料组件自发裂变产生的中子强度远低于一次中子源。针对以上情况,需在堆外采用更高灵敏度的探测器进行中子注量率的监测。本文在分析各种高灵敏度探测器基本原理的基础上,给出高灵敏度中子探测器的选型建议,并对其性能进行了试验验证,试验结果表明:3He正比计数管即使在γ剂量率大于0.1 Gy/h时,设置合适的甄别电压,也可以有效甄别γ噪声,试验验证的最大γ剂量率为1.0 Gy/h。 相似文献
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Sanbing Wang 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(12):1504-1511
This paper describes the design and analysis of advanced space nuclear reactor (ASNR) whose design combines the advantages of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) and space nuclear reactor (SNR). As opposed to current SNRs designs, ASNR is a subcritical system driven by 232U–Be neutron source to generate thermal power continuously. Most movable control systems in the SNR design are removed. The detailed neutronic calculations by MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended), including keff, flux, burn-up, loss-ratio of neutron source and immersion reactivity, show that ASNR has higher criticality safety and more compact structure to bear the risk of immersion accident compared with the past SNRs, and the new system can provide more thermal power than RTG. Furthermore, the neutron source efficiency is optimized to improve the utilization of 232U–Be neutron source with the improvement of criticality safety. Compared with the past designs of space nuclear power, ASNR could provide enough thermal power and avoid the occurrence of serious immersion accident in the case of total control system failure. ASNR has potential for future deep space missions. 相似文献
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Koichi Okada Atsushi Fushimi Shun Sekimoto Tsutomu Ohtsuki 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2020,57(5):514-522
ABSTRACTMonitoring only neutron flux in a nuclear reactor core has an advantage of offering reactor power monitoring accuracy. We started the development of a new nuclear instrumentation based on the measurement of prompt gamma rays emitted from metals placed at the neutron flux monitoring positions. The thermal neutron flux at the position of each placed metal piece can be monitored by measuring the prompt gamma rays as the count rate of each energy. The gamma-ray energy range was limited from 6 to 10 MeV to mitigate the interference of environmental gamma rays. Four metals, Ti, V, Ni, and Cu, were chosen as candidates in consideration of their neutron emission rates and self-absorption. In an experiment with a high-purity germanium semiconductor detector, we considered the identification of individual peak energies in an assumed situation where prompt gamma rays were emitted from the four different metals at the same time. Energy resolutions of the peak with the largest energy gap from the nearest energy peak of the other candidate metals were smaller than the gap. Thus, we confirmed that at least one peak for each candidate metal was able to be separated from the peaks derived from other candidate metals. 相似文献
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Two types of monitoring systems suitable for automatic nuclear reactor control are discussed. In the first system, the detector monitors some given point, such as a preset constant neutron flux. This system is suitable for combining the functions of the period meter and indicator, the power level and criticality of the reactor indicators, and for reactor safety control.In the second system, the reactor power follows detector displacement. Such a system can combine the automatic control functions for criticality, period, and power level of the reactor.If a scheme incorporating monitoring systems of both types is devised, then two variations of complex automation of reactor control may be developed. The first variation is easier to adapt to existing installations. The second variation is more sophisticated, and is suitable, probably, for new installations.The advantages of the proposed schemes are that they consist of simple standard elements, that they make possible servo control, and that they ensure constant operating conditions for the detector and apparatus. 相似文献