刺激响应荧光变色材料的结构特点及应用

综述了近年来刺激响应荧光变色材料的研究进展,主要包括机械刺激响应荧光变色材料、热刺激响应荧光变色材料、化学刺激响应荧光变色材料、光刺激响应荧光变色材料以及其他类型刺激响应荧光变色材料。并对今后刺激响应荧光变色材料的发展前景进行了分析与展望。研制开发综合性能优异且具有多重刺激响应特性的荧光变色材料以及设计合成对外界刺激相应灵敏度高且颜色变化明显的荧光变色材料将是该领域科技工作者今后努力的方向。     

机械致荧光变色材料荧光特性的结构依赖性研究进展

综述了近年来机械致荧光变色材料荧光特性的分子结构依赖性研究进展,主要包括四苯乙烯基机械致荧光变色材料、噻唑基机械致荧光变色材料、毗啶基机械致荧光变色材料、苯并咪唑基机械致荧光变色材料以及其他结构的机械致荧光变色材料.同时归纳总结了该领域今后的发展趋势,未来的研究重点将主要集中在设计开发具有对外力刺激相应灵敏度高、荧光颜...     

机械致荧光变色材料荧光特性的结构依赖性研究进展

综述了近年来机械致荧光变色材料荧光特性的分子结构依赖性研究进展,主要包括四苯乙烯基机械致荧光变色材料、噻唑基机械致荧光变色材料、吡啶基机械致荧光变色材料、苯并咪唑基机械致荧光变色材料以及其他结构的机械致荧光变色材料。同时归纳总结了该领域今后的发展趋势,未来的研究重点将主要集中在设计开发具有对外力刺激相应灵敏度高、荧光颜色变化明显且可逆性和可重复性强等优点的机械致荧光变色材料。     

可逆热致变色材料的变色机理及应用

本文介绍了热致变色材料的类别和发展趋势,着重介绍了可逆热致变色材料的变色机理及其应用。     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的力致荧光变色材料的研究进展

力致荧光变色(mechanofluorochromic,MFC)是指材料在外部机械力作用下(如研磨、挤压等)发生自身物理和化学性质变化引起发光发射波长和强度等光物理性质的改变,并且其一般可在加热、有机蒸汽熏蒸的条件下恢复到初始状态.外界压力响应变化这一特性,使得力致荧光变色材料在信息传感、数据储存等方面具有广阔的应用前...     

机械致荧光变色材料的分子结构特点及其对性能的影响

从荧光分子的结构设计及对性能的影响出发,综述了近年机械致荧光变色材料(MFC)的国内外最新进展,主要包括荧光分子骨架上引入脂肪链、荧光分子骨架上引入芳香环(或杂环)、荧光分子骨架上引入卤素原子、荧光分子骨架上引入氰基以及荧光分子结构的其他改变等。同时对该材料今后的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。研发固态下具有高荧光量子产率的智能发光体以及具有较好水溶性、成膜性和快速恢复性的MFC荧光材料将是今后该领域的主要目标。     

机械致荧光变色材料的研究进展

综述了近年机械致荧光变色材料的国内外研究进展,主要包括四苯乙烯类衍生物、含咔唑基团的化合物、三苯胺官能化的衍生物和含吩噻嗪基团类化合物等。同时对机械致荧光变色材料今后的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。研制摩擦变色明显且室温下可快速恢复的MFC化合物以及设计合成具有较好水溶性的MFC化合物将是今后该领域发展的主要方向。     

机械致荧光变色材料的分子结构特点及其对性能的影响

从荧光分子的结构设计及对性能的影响出发,综述了近年机械致荧光变色材料(MFC)的国内外最新进展,主要包括荧光分子骨架上引入脂肪链、荧光分子骨架上引入芳香环(或杂环)、荧光分子骨架上引入卤素原子、荧光分子骨架上引入氰基以及荧光分子结构的其他改变等。同时对该材料今后的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。研发固态下具有高荧光量子产率的智能发光体以及具有较好水溶性、成膜性和快速恢复性的MFC荧光材料将是今后该领域的主要目标。     

机械致荧光变色材料的研究进展

综述了近年机械致荧光变色材料的国内外研究进展,主要包括四苯乙烯类衍生物、含咔唑基团的化合物、三苯胺官能化的衍生物和含吩噻嗪基团类化合物等。同时对机械致荧光变色材料今后的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。研制摩擦变色明显且室温下可快速恢复的MFC化合物以及设计合成具有较好水溶性的MFC化合物将是今后该领域发展的主要方向。     

Visibility of durable fluorescent materials for signing applications

Increasing visual complexity in the roadway environment is making the task of driving a greater challenge for the motorist. Recent advances make it possible to produce fluorescent retroreflective materials suitable for long-term outdoor signing applications. This article presents the results of a field study investigating the relative advantage of fluorescent colors over standard colors for detection, color recognition, and conspicuity against a complex dark background. These fluorescent retroreflective materials are detected with higher frequency, and recognized with greater accuracy at further distances than the corresponding standard highway colors. They also have greater attention-getting properties (more conspicuous) during daylight than the corresponding standard highway colors. The luminance contrast ratio of the sample to the camouflage background appears to correlate with the visibility/conspicuity results obtained in this study, particularly within a given color series. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Thermal response characteristics of fire blanket materials

The thermal response characteristics of over 50 relatively thin (0.15–3.7 mm) fire blanket materials from four different fiber groups (aramid, fiberglass, amorphous silica, and pre‐oxidized carbon) and their composites have been investigated. A plain or coated fabric sample was subjected to a predominantly convective or radiant heat flux (up to 84 kW/m²) using a Meker burner and a cone heater, respectively. In addition to conventional thermal protective performance ratings for protective clothing, two transient thermal response times (for the fabric back‐side temperature to reach 300 °C and for the through‐the‐fabric heat flux to reach 13 kW/m²) and a steady‐state heat‐blocking efficiency (HBE) were introduced for both convective and radiant heat sources. For most woven fabrics, the HBE values were approximately 70 ± 10% for both convection and radiation and only mildly increased with the fabric thickness or the incident heat flux. Nonwoven (felt) fabrics with low thermal conductivity exhibited significantly better insulation (up to 87%) against convective heat. Highly reflective aluminized materials exhibited exceptionally high HBE values (up to 98%) for radiation, whereas carbon and charred aramid fabrics showed lower HBEs (down to 50%) because of efficient radiation absorption. A relatively thin fire blanket operating at high temperatures can efficiently block heat from a convective source by radiative emission (enhanced by its T⁴‐dependence and high surface emissivity) coupled with thermal insulation and from a radiant heat source by surface reflection while the aluminum surface layer remains. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New zirconia-based materials for dental applications. Structural,morphological and histological evaluation

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of co-doping with aluminum or iron on structure, thermal behavior, morphology and biocompatibility of Y-TZP (yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals). Powders with stoichiometries Zr_0.88Y_0.12O_2-δ and Zr_0.85Y_0.12M_0.03O_2-δ (M = Fe, Al) have been synthesized using a Pechini method. Powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dilatometry. They were further shaped into pellets and sintered at 1300 °C for 10 h. The sinters were investigated by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS). Sintered discs were inserted in oral mucosa of laboratory rats for six weeks. The local tissular reaction was evaluated by optical microscopy and histological study. Tested discs were investigated by SEM-EDXS and Raman spectroscopy. Small additions of aluminum and iron led to an improvement in powder sintering behavior of tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals, while the morphology of the sinters is strongly affected. Biocompatibility tests shown that the tested samples tend to be surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. No major adverse reaction was evidenced for the discs inserted into the oral mucosa of lab rats. While single-doped zirconia with 6 mol % yttria is stable, additions of aluminum or iron led to formation of monoclinic secondary phase in the testing conditions. The lack of major adverse reactions in the surrounding tissues make these materials promising candidates for their use in dental prosthetics.     

Structural characteristics and optical properties of a series of solvatochromic fluorescent dyes displaying long-wavelength emission

A series of novel, fluorescent, solvatochromic dyes (KSD-series) carrying a 4-dimethylaminophenyl moiety as π-electron donor and an acetyl moiety as π-electron acceptor, conjugated with a five-membered aromatic monoheterocyclic π-linker, were synthesized. In the cases of dyes having a pyrrole, (KSD-1) furan (KSD-2) and thiophene (KSD-3) heterocycle as π-linker, respectively, the plot of Stokes shifts in different solvents as a function of E_T(30) solvent polarity value showed good linear correlation. The fluorescence of KSD-4, a π-conjugation extended derivative of KSD-3, varied from blue (491 nm) in toluene to orange (616 nm) in DMSO; KSD-4C, a carboxyl group modified derivative, displayed longer wavelength emission (619 nm) and larger Stokes shift (229 nm, 9486 cm^?1) than conventional dyes in methanol solution.     

Colorimetry of fluorescent materials: visual evaluation of fluorescent whites

This paper documents studies of the Subcommittee for Problem 18, Colorimetry of Fluorescent Materials, of the Inter-Society Color Council. Visual judgments were made of the relative whiteness of fluorescent white papers, plastics, and textiles. The data were analyzed statistically and were found to support the validity of the Grum, Witzel, and Stensby whiteness formula.     

Colorimetry of durable fluorescent retroreflective materials

The development of durable daylight fluorescent retroreflective sheetings has led us to investigate some of the factors that influence color measurement of these materials. the colorimetry of retroreflective materials is particularly sensitive to measurement geometry. the added aspect of fluorescence increases the spectral uncertainties, making appearance measurements even more difficult. the visual properties used to describe fluorescent retroreflective materials should include chromaticity, lightness, peak spectral radiance factor, nighttime color, and color stability on exposure. A number of test methods exist for these measurements; however, practical experience in applying these methods to fluorescent materials shows significant variation in the resulting measured values. Colorimetric measurements on commercial instruments using 45/0 (0/45) geometry, a simulated D65 illuminant, and the CIE 2° standard observer yield results that are inadequate for precise quality control of durable fluorescent retroreflective materials. the uncertainty can be reduced by the use of transfer standards, provided that the standard is similar to the sample in both hue and fluorescent emission. Ultimately, the wide availability of commercial 2-monochromator spectrocolorimeters will be required. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Problems in measurement of fluorescent materials

Fluorescent materials become increasingly important for signalling and warning purposes. Measurement facilities, however, are still very poor. This article reviews the radiometric aspects of fluorescent materials and the measurement of their radiometric and colorimetric characteristics. the precision of colorimeters and one-monochromator instruments can be improved by applying luminescent reflectance standards, calibrated with a two-monochromator system. Problems of radiation feedback with sphere geometry and a way to solve this problem with a two-monochromator system are discussed.     

无机抗菌材料及其抗菌机理

在功能材料领域,以抗茵杀菌为主要特征的新型材料,尤其是具有无毒、抗菌功效持久等特点的无机抗菌 材料日益受到人们的关注。主要介绍了无机抗菌材料抗菌机理、抗菌特点以及该类材料的应用领域与前景,提出 了抗菌材料今后的研究和发展方向。     

环氧树脂/棕榈酰氯改性玉米秸秆复合材料力学性能研究

以棕榈酰氯改性的玉米秸秆作为填料,将环氧树脂（EP）作为基体树脂,制备环氧树脂/改性玉米秸秆生物质复合材料。利用红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对改性前后的秸秆进行结构表征,采用电子万能试验机对复合材料进行力学性能分析,利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的微观形貌进行分析。结果表明,红外谱图中在1 754 cm^-1处有新的C=O特征伸缩振动峰出现;X射线光电子能谱图中C1（C=C、C—C）、C2（C—O）含量分别从47.85 %和40.24 %下降到41.30 %和30.64 %,C3（C=O）、C4（C—O—C）含量分别从9.12 %和2.79 %增加到20.56 %和7.20 %,说明改性后玉米秸秆疏水性增强,与EP的相容性得到改善;随着玉米秸秆含量的增加,EP复合材料的拉伸性能与纯EP比增加了100.3 %和157.77 %;弯曲强度呈现出先增加后下降的趋势;未改性秸秆添加量达到10 %时,冲击强度最大比纯EP提高了16.8 %,而改性后秸秆的含量达到15 %时,比纯EP提高了70.53 %。