新型冠状病毒抗体水平检测方法的比较

目的 分析新型冠状病毒抗体水平不同检测方法间的相关性和一致性.方法 将重组新型冠状病毒疫苗免疫Wistar大鼠,采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清特异性IgG抗体水平,假病毒中和试验和野病毒中和试验检测大鼠血清中和抗体水平.对不同方法的检测结果进行相关性(Spearman秩相关)和一致性(kappa检验)分析.结果 3种方法...     

新型冠状病毒预防性疫苗非临床研究评价的考虑

<正>随着新型冠状病毒(简称新冠)肺炎疫情在全球多点暴发快速蔓延,世界公共卫生安全面临严峻挑战,为应对来势汹汹的疫情,国内外疫苗研发企业迅速启动了新冠疫苗研发。目前在研的新冠疫苗类型多样,包括病毒灭活疫苗、基因工程重组疫苗、病毒载体类疫苗、核酸类疫苗(DNA疫苗和m RNA疫苗)等。从新冠疫情的致死率和导致感染者病情的严重程度,以及目前疫情控制手段和疾病转归情况,推动疫苗研发迫在眉睫。     

新型冠状病毒预防性疫苗非临床研究中的常见问题

<正>新型冠状病毒疫情暴发后,国内外企业迅速启动疫苗研发,据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,目前全球在研新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)超过120个,且类型多样。国内现有5条技术路线的新冠疫苗在同步快速推进,包括病毒灭活疫苗、核酸疫苗(DNA疫苗和m RNA疫苗)、重组蛋白疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗和减毒流感病毒载体疫苗,已有重组新型冠状病毒疫苗(腺病毒载体)及4家灭活疫苗进入临床试验阶段。     

新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗研发及应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19)是由重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的呼吸道传染病.COVID-19在全球范围的大流行造成了严重的公共卫生危机...     

新型冠状病毒S蛋白抗体的制备及初步应用

目的 制备新型冠状病毒S蛋白抗体,初步建立检测新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗抗原含量的方法.方法 使用新型冠状病毒重组S蛋白分别免疫羊和兔,获得抗血清.采用间接ELISA法和微量中和试验检测抗血清效价,免疫印迹试验检测抗体特异性.采用蛋白G纯化树脂分别对羊和兔抗血清进行亲和层析纯化,获得抗体.以纯化后的羊抗体作为包被抗体,兔抗体...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎康复者恢复期血浆采集和质量特征

目的 探讨血液单采浆技术在新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19)康复者恢复期血浆采集工作中的应用及安全性,并分析COVID-19康复者恢复期血浆的质量特征.方法 捐献者知情后,登记捐献血浆者性别、年龄、出院或解除医学隔离日期等基本情况,体检后使用血液分离机单采浆技术采集C...     

COVID-19患者恢复期血浆在COVID-19治疗中的应用

2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行给全球的公共卫生提出巨大挑战,目前暂无特异性抗病毒药物,COVID-19康复者提取的恢复期血浆(convalescent plasma,CP)被认为是治疗重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavi...     

抗-HCV多表位抗体在检测HCV抗原中的应用

目的应用丙型肝炎病毒多表位抗体,探索从血浆或血清样品中检测丙型肝炎病毒抗原(HCAg)的可能性,为献血员筛选及临床早期诊断提供检测方法。方法利用原核系统表达的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)7个高度保守区基因的多表位复合抗原免疫动物,制备抗-HCV多克隆抗体,采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测血浆或血清中的HCAg,并与RT-PCR法进行比较。结果制备的抗-HCV多表位复合抗原多克隆抗体,在用ELISA法检测HCAg中表现出较高的特异性及灵敏性,Cutoff值为0·239,批内CV值为5·60%~6·65%,批间CV值为7·80%。与RT-PCR比较,相关系数为0·816,灵敏度为88·89%,特异度为96·30%,一致性为95·24%,调整一致性为90·82%,阳性预测值为80·00%,阴性预测值为98·11%。HCAg检出率与美国ORTHO公司HCV-C抗原检测试剂盒差异无显著意义(P=0·06)。结论用HCV多表位复合抗原制备的多克隆抗体,采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测HCAg,具有灵敏、特异、快速的优点,有望开发成为HCAg诊断试剂盒。     

α-唾液淀粉酶胶体金免疫渗滤法的建立及其在中药酶学作用研究中的应用

目的 建立α-唾液淀粉酶(salivary alpha-amylase,sAA)胶体金免疫渗滤法,制备胶体金免疫渗滤试纸,并将该试纸用于中药白术及葛根的酶学作用研究.方法 采用胶体金标记技术,筛选最佳标记pH值和抗体标记量,制备金标抗体复合物,再利用纸基免疫渗滤技术,设计单因素试验,优化包被液种类、包被条件、封闭液种类...     

MenA PS-EA偶联物的制备及其在多糖抗体检测中的应用

目的制备MenA PS-EA偶联物及以MenA PS-EA为包被抗原的A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌多糖IgG抗体的ELISA检测试剂。方法培养A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌,提取多糖(MenA PS),与卵清蛋白(EA)以还原氨基法偶联,Sepharose CL-4B纯化。制备以MenA PS-EA为包被抗原的A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌多糖IgG抗体的ELISA检测试剂,考察试剂的精密性和稳定性,并与血清杀菌力试验(SBA)比较。结果纯化的MenA PS-EA经高效液相色谱检测,纯度为81.50%;以MenA PS-EA为包被抗原的ELISA检测试剂精密性和稳定性良好;将该试剂与SBA法比较,其敏感性为96.91%,特异性为90.00%,一致性为95.83%。两种检测方法之间差异无显著意义。结论以纯化MenA PS-EA作为包被抗原建立的A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌多糖特异性IgG抗体ELISA检测试剂可用于检测多糖IgG抗体,为进一步研究及开发细菌多糖类抗体诊断试剂提供参考。     

MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of the Virus Cycle and Pathogenesis in the SARS-CoV-2 Disease

In the last few years, microRNA-mediated regulation has been shown to be important in viral infections. In fact, viral microRNAs can alter cell physiology and act on the immune system; moreover, cellular microRNAs can regulate the virus cycle, influencing positively or negatively viral replication. Accordingly, microRNAs can represent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of infectious processes and a promising approach for designing targeted therapies. In the past 18 months, the COVID-19 infection from SARS-CoV-2 has engaged many researchers in the search for diagnostic and prognostic markers and the development of therapies. Although some research suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 genome can produce microRNAs and that host microRNAs may be involved in the cellular response to the virus, to date, not enough evidence has been provided. In this paper, using a focused bioinformatic approach exploring the SARS-CoV-2 genome, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 is able to produce microRNAs sharing a strong sequence homology with the human ones and also that human microRNAs may target viral RNA regulating the virus life cycle inside human cells. Interestingly, all viral miRNA sequences and some human miRNA target sites are conserved in more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Even if experimental evidence will be needed, in silico analysis represents a valuable source of information useful to understand the sophisticated molecular mechanisms of disease and to sustain biomedical applications.     

Electrochemical Biosensor for the Determination of Specific Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

In this article, we report the development of an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (rS). A gold disc electrode was electrochemically modified to form the nanocrystalline gold structure on the surface. Then, it was further altered by a self-assembling monolayer based on a mixture of two alkane thiols: 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (6-MCOH) (SAM_mix). After activating carboxyl groups using a N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide mixture, the rS protein was covalently immobilized on the top of the SAM_mix. This electrode was used to design an electrochemical sensor suitable for determining antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 rS protein (anti-rS). We assessed the association between the immobilized rS protein and the anti-rS antibody present in the blood serum of a SARS-CoV-2 infected person using three electrochemical methods: cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and potential pulsed amperometry. The results demonstrated that differential pulse voltammetry and potential pulsed amperometry measurements displayed similar sensitivity. In contrast, the measurements performed by cyclic voltammetry suggest that this method is the most sensitive out of the three methods applied in this research.     

Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders

An aptamer is a short sequence of synthetic oligonucleotides which bind to their cognate target, specifically while maintaining similar or higher sensitivity compared to an antibody. The in-vitro selection of an aptamer, applying a conjoining approach of chemistry and molecular biology, is referred as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX). These initial products of SELEX are further modified chemically in an attempt to make them stable in biofluid, avoiding nuclease digestion and renal clearance. While the modification is incorporated, enough care should be taken to maintain its sensitivity and specificity. These modifications and several improvisations have widened the window frame of aptamer applications that are currently not only restricted to in-vitro systems, but have also been used in molecular imaging for disease pathology and treatment. In the food industry, it has been used as sensor for detection of different diseases and fungal infections. In this review, we have discussed a brief history of its journey, along with applications where its role as a therapeutic plus diagnostic (theranostic) tool has been demonstrated. We have also highlighted the potential aptamer-mediated strategies for molecular targeting of COVID-19. Finally, the review focused on its future prospective in immunotherapy, as well as in identification of novel biomarkers in stem cells and also in single cell proteomics (scProteomics) to study intra or inter-tumor heterogeneity at the protein level. Small size, chemical synthesis, low batch variation, cost effectiveness, long shelf life and low immunogenicity provide advantages to the aptamer over the antibody. These physical and chemical properties of aptamers render them as a strong biomedical tool for theranostic purposes over the existing ones. The significance of aptamers in human health was the key finding of this review.