PA66/6的制备及性能

以己二酸己二胺盐(AH Salt)、己内酰胺(CPL)为原料,通过熔融缩聚法制备系列配比的共聚酰胺66/6(PA66/6)。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪和万能材料试验机等表征其结构与性能。结果表明,经熔融缩聚法可成功制备PA66/6,其分子结构中以稳定的α晶型为主,当AH Salt与CPL比例接近1∶1时,有利于不稳定γ晶型的形成;与聚酰胺6 (PA6)或聚酰胺66 (PA66)相比,由于共聚单体的引入,PA66/6分子链规整性降低、分子内及分子间作用力减小,其熔点、结晶度、拉伸强度均有所下降,但断裂伸长率提高,并且热稳定性良好;当AH Salt与CPL质量比为40∶60时,熔点最低降至169.7℃,结晶度为16.2%,拉伸强度最低为33.9MPa,断裂伸长率提高至122.9%,表明共聚改性可有效地提高PA66/6的韧性和加工性能。     

二聚酸改性尼龙-66共聚物的结构和性能

考察了二聚酸对尼龙-66性能的影响,对共聚物进行了表征.结果表明加入二聚酸可降低尼龙-66的密度、熔点及吸水率,显著提高柔性和缺口冲击强度;但二聚酸加入量大时,增韧能力减弱.二聚酸的存在可促进共聚物的α、β晶相减少和细化,还可抑制酰胺基团的活性,有利提高尼龙-66的热降解温度和改善热稳定性.     

尼龙66单体的工业开发动向

着重介绍了由苯转化为环己烯后再制备环己醇的工艺条件以及与传统方法的技术经济比较.此外,还介绍了以非苯原料制备己二酸己二胺的开发情况和市场动向.     

尼龙6/尼龙66合金的性能研究

研究了相容剂、增韧剂对改性尼龙6／尼龙66合金性能的影响。研究结果表明，以EVA／PE－g－MAH为相容剂、以PA6和PA66为基料、以EAA及PE为得合增韧剂改性的PA6／PA66合金，其吸水率有较大降低，且综合性能较好。     

PA66/12 T共聚尼龙的研究

将PA66和PA12T熔融共聚,制备的共聚物可用作阻隔材料,研究了共聚物的制备和成膜工艺.试验表明,相比于单一尼龙,共聚物的熔点和黏度降低,更有利于成型加工,为后期进行阻隔性能测试以及其他性能的测试打下基础.     

PA6对高含量玻璃纤维增强PA66/PA6I-6T复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融共混改性技术制备了尼龙66/尼龙6/尼龙6I-6T/玻璃纤维（PA66/PA6/PA6I-6T/GF）复合材料,研究了PA6对复合材料表面状况、力学性能、热学性能等的影响。结果表明：当玻璃纤维含量60份,PA66/PA6用量比为21/5时,复合材料表面光滑,“浮纤”问题得到解决。与不含PA6的复合材料相比,当加入5份PA6时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度从210 MPa和294 MPa下降至205 MPa和291 MPa,而弯曲模量和冲击强度从15.6 GPa和8.4 kJ/m2提高至17.2 GPa和9.9 kJ/m2。加入5份PA6时,复合材料的热变形温度从208℃下降至204℃,而熔融温度从251℃下降至225℃,熔体流动性提高至原来的2.3倍,对应的样品表面光滑。研究表明：在高玻纤含量（60份）时,加入5份PA6能够改善PA66/PA6I-6T/GF复合材料的“浮纤”现象,而且不会影响复合材料的使用性能。     

尼龙66和马来酸酐LDPE接枝共聚物的力学性能

将马来酸酐和LDPE进行接枝反应后得到的共聚物，和尼龙66共混，由于LDPE－g-MAH上的酸酐基团与尼龙66上的胺基相互作用，它们有很好的相容性，随着LDPE－g-MAH加入量的增加，尼龙66的冲击韧性有很大提高。     

反应性挤出合成PA6/6T及其性能研究

为了得到同时具有优良耐热性能和易加工性能的共聚物PA6/6T,探索了双螺杆反应性挤出预聚物PA6/6T合成较高摩尔质量共聚物PA6/6T的可行性;并通过FTIR、1 H-NMR对最终产物结构进行了表征;利用DSC、TG对其热性能进行了研究;同时研究了其力学性能.结果表明:通过反应性挤出成功得到了具有较高特性黏数的共聚物PA6/6T,通过控制共聚比,可获得熔点低至295℃,拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度分别为72、100 MPa和26 kJ/m2,具有优良综合性能的PA6/6T共聚树脂.     

吸水率对尼龙66力学性能的影响研究

通过实验研究了吸水率对尼龙(PA)66和改性PA66的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度等力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,弯曲强度、拉伸强度随吸水率增大而下降;缺口冲击强度随吸水率增大而提高.其中,弯曲强度随吸水率的变化最大,缺口冲击强度次之,拉伸强度变化最小.改性PA66的力学性能受吸水率的影响程度明显大于未改性的.还对吸水性改变PA66力学性能的机理进行了探讨.     

Comparison of nanocomposites based on nylon 6 and nylon 66

Nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by melt processing using a twin screw extruder. The effects of polyamide type and processing temperature on the mechanical properties and the morphology of the nanocomposites were examined. Mechanical properties, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), percentage crystallinity and isothermal thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) data are reported. A particle analysis was performed to quantitatively characterize the morphology; these results are later employed in modeling the modulus of these materials using composite theory. No significant difference was observed in the mechanical properties and morphology of PA-6 nanocomposites processed at two different temperatures. PA-6 nanocomposites had superior mechanical properties than those made from PA-66. The tensile strength of PA-66 nanocomposites deviated from linearity at high levels of MMT. WAXD and TEM results show that the PA-6 nanocomposites are better exfoliated than the PA-66 nanocomposites, which exhibit a mixture of intercalated and exfoliated structures. Mechanical properties were consistent with the morphology. DSC reveals a higher percentage of crystallinity in the PA-66 samples. Isothermal TGA shows only a 5% difference in the degradation of the organic modifier on the organoclay processed at 240 °C versus 270 °C. Particle analysis shows a higher average particle length and thickness, and a lower average particle density and aspect ratio in nanocomposites based on PA-66 versus PA-6. The Halpin-Tsai and Mori-Tanaka composite theories predict satisfactorily the behavior of the PA-6 nanocomposites, while the PA-66 nanocomposites were predicted acceptably up to a certain volume fraction where the non-linear behavior takes effect. All the results indicate that there is a lower degree of exfoliation in the nanocomposites produced with a PA-66 matrix apparently stemming from the chemical differences between PA-6 and PA-66.     

The effect of sample preparation on the mechanical properties of nylon 66

Cutting test specimens from molded plaques is commonly used in mechanical testing. The mechanical properties of these cut specimens may be affected by cutting process as it could introduce extrinsic flaws and thermal effects on cut edge surfaces. The objective of this experimental research is to determine how band saw cutting affects the flexural and impact strengths of 33% short glass fiber (GF) reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) and unreinforced PA66. The specimens for the flexural and impact tests were obtained by cutting molded plaques using different blade types, blade speeds, feed rates, and levels of polishing. Results were compared with those from uncut specimens. Surface morphologies of the specimens' cut edges (photographs and roughness) were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and PRK Perthometer, respectively. The results indicated that higher flexural and impact strengths of cut specimens of 33% GF reinforced PA66 were achieved with high blade speed, low work piece feed rate and using a high number of teeth per unit length. For unreinforced PA66, higher impact strengths were achieved at low blade speeds and work piece feed rates.     

高强锦纶6长丝的制备及其结构与性能研究

采用相对黏度2.485的半消光聚酰胺6切片为原料,通过熔融纺丝-多级拉伸工艺制备了高强锦纶6长丝,研究了多级拉伸工艺中拉伸温度及拉伸倍数对纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:受二级拉伸温度的影响,纤维中存在γ晶型向α晶型的转变,在一定范围内适当地提高纤维的各级拉伸温度,有利于纤维晶体结构更加稳定,而拉伸倍数的变化并未引起纤维晶型的转变;各级拉伸倍数较高时高强锦纶6长丝的取向度显著增加,二级拉伸温度较高时纤维取向度增加明显;拉伸倍数相对于拉伸温度对高强锦纶6长丝力学性能的影响更明显,当一级拉伸倍数为1.145、二级拉伸倍数为3.12、一级拉伸温度为55℃、二级拉伸温度为178℃时,纤维断裂强度最大,达7.23 cN/dtex。     

Interaction of nylon 6-clay surface and mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid

We synthesized nylon 6-clay hybrid materials using four types of clay minerals, montmorillonite, saponite, hectrite, and synthetic mica. The mechanical properties of their injection molded specimens were measured according to ASTM. Nylon 6-clay hybrid using montmorillonite was superior to the other hybrids in mechanical properties. This might result from the difference in the interaction between nylon molecules and silicates in the hybrids. To clarify this hypothesis, we synthesized intercalated compounds of the clay minerals with glycine as the model of the hybrids, and analyzed the interaction using ¹⁵N cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The ¹⁵N-NMR result reveals that the positive charge density on the nitrogen of the intercalated compound based on montmorillonite was largest in all the intercalated compounds. It was suggested that montmorillonite interacted strongly with nylon 6 by ionic interaction. This ionic interaction was one of the reasons why these hybrid materials had superior mechanical properties. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Interpretive nonlinear viscoelasticity: Dynamic properties of nylon 6, nylon 66, and nylon 12 fibers

Nonlinear response of nylon 6, nylon 66, and nylon 12 fibers to sinusoidal straining under relatively large strain amplitude is analyzed in terms of the changes in properties during the straining, i.e., the change in modulus, change in internal friction and change in structure which involves energy release or absorption in straining. Modulus generally increases with strain but it decreases with increase of strain amplitude, the effect of strain amplitude being largest with nylon 6 and smallest with nylon 66. Mechanical loss increase with the increase of strain amplitudes in nonlinear manner, and the magnitude of change is largest with nylon 66 and smallest with nylon 6. During the extension phase, structural change occurring in nylon 6 is predominantly an increase in order or orientation while that with nylon 66 is crack opening or cavitation. Various aspects of the experiments and analysis of the data are described in detail.     

Vibration welding of nylon 6 to nylon 66

Vibration welding of dissimilar nylons is a promising technique for assembling complex components made of different polymers. The effects of pressure and meltdown on the tensile strength of nylon 6 (PA 6) to nylon 66 (PA 66) vibration welds were determined in this study using an experimental design and three weld geometries. Weld strengths were generally improved by increasing meltdown and decreasing weld pressure. The weld strength was also shown to vary with the position of the lower melting material for T‐welds. Using differential scanning calorimentry and fracture surface analyses, it is concluded that for all geometries, higher weld strengths can be achieved when both materials are melted. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:760–771, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

锦纶66与锦纶6帘线的性能对比

对锦纶66与锦纶6帘线的性能进行对比。与锦纶6帘线相比，锦纶66帘线具有良好的基本耐热性能、尺寸稳定性及耐高温性能，在受热状态下的断裂强力保持率较高；用其生产轮胎时可提高硫化温度，缩短硫化时间，提高生产效率，而轮胎使用寿命长，安全性和耐久性较优。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of dimer acid based nylon 636/Nylon 66 copolymers

Dimer acid (DA)‐based nylon 636/nylon 66 copolymers were synthesized by in situ polymerization. The effects of incorporating nylon 66 on the mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of intrinsic viscosity determination, attenuated total reflection (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical testing. The results show that the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymers ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 dL/g, depending on the content of nylon 66. The incorporation of nylon 66 into DA‐based nylon 636 had no significant effect on the values of the glass‐transition temperature, melting temperature, temperature at 50% weight loss, or temperature at the maximum rate of decomposition, but the crystallization temperature, crystallinity degree, and extrapolated onset temperature increased. ATR–FTIR spectroscopy and XRD demonstrated that with increasing nylon 66 mass, the content of α‐ and β‐crystal forms would increase accordingly. The mechanical test data revealed that with increasing nylon 66 concentration, the tensile strength of the copolymers increased, and the flexural strength and flexural modulus first increased and then decreased. However, the notched Izod impact strength decreased. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39845.     

Effect of photodegradation on dynamic mechanical properties of nylon 6

Changes in the dynamic mechanical properties of nylon 6 (α-form) under ultraviolet light irradiation were investigated. On irradiation with spectrally dispersed ultraviolet light in the wavelength range of 219–415nm, the dynamic modulus E′ and the density of nylon 6 were increased below about 300nm. It was found that the increment in E′ and the density were the result of crosslinking. When E′ was measured with time elapsed during irradiation by light of 253.7 nm, E′ initially decreased with time, increased at a longer time, and then reached a limiting value asymptotically. From the result of the change in E′ with time, it was assumed that the scission and crosslinking reactions occur simultaneously during ultraviolet light irradiation. Thus, the change in E′ with elapsed time was exppressed by the equation E′_t = E′₀ exp (?k₁t) + E′_∞[1 ? exp (?k₂t)], where E′_t is the dynamic modulus at time t, E′₀ is the E′ at t = ₀, E′_∞ is the limiting value of E′, and k₁ and k₂ are the rate constants. The apparent activation energies for k₁ and k₂ were 3.23 and 2.50 kcal/mole, respectively, and the former value agreed with the activation energy for the scission of the amide groups. The effects of the photodegradation on the temperature dispersion of nylon 6 were also investigated. On irradiation with light at 253.7 nm, the α-relaxation which appeared at about 90°C was broadened and the intensity of the γ-relaxation at ?95°C in the tan δ-versus-temperature curve was lowered. The β-relaxation which appeared at ?45°C for the wet nylon 6 decreased its intensity.