遥测与虹吸雨量计降水数据对比分析

选取盘锦地区2013年具有代表性的5处雨量站5~9月遥测与虹吸雨量计降水资料进行对比,通过绝对误差、相对误差允许值比较两种设备降水资料的准确性,并分析误差产生原因,为遥测设备的准确性及可靠性提供重要指标。     

虹吸式雨量计与称重式雨雪量计降水资料对比分析

文章通过对壶流河水库水文站2017年汛期使用的虹吸式雨量计和称重式雨雪量计的降水量数据和误差进行统计对比分析,结果表明由于两种设备工作原理的差异,在观测记录过程中存在一定误差,但多数误差在规范的允许误差范围内,称重式雨雪量计汛期观测值较虹吸式雨量计偏小。通过汛期阶段的使用,称重式雨雪量计相较于传统的人工监测方式有这不可比拟的优势。     

固态存储雨量计与虹吸式雨量计降水资料初步对比分析

通过对JDZ05型、OTT Pluvio称重式雨量计与虹吸式自记雨量计不同时段的降水量数值和误差进行对比分析。结果表明,JDZ05翻斗式雨量计和称重式雨量计存在一定误差,但多数数据精度满足规范的要求。(1)JDZ05型、OTT Pluvio称重式雨量计汛期降水量一般均少于虹吸式;(2)两种雨量计与虹吸式雨量计日降水量的平均相对误差一般在0.1%~4%之间;(3)两种雨量计短历时降水平均相对误差符合规范要求的比例随着降水历时增长并趋于稳定,一般在63%~91%之间,称重式雨量计一般大于翻斗式雨量计;(4)翻斗式雨量计与虹吸式自记雨量计相比,日降水量偏多、偏少日数基本相当,称重式雨量计大多偏多。     

称重式与虹吸式雨量计观测雨量精度对比分析

为满足水文资料即时整编的需要,加快水文监测自动化建设步伐,准确了解自动化雨量计监测的合理性,以北京市降雨资料为研究对象,选取2016—2018年26个站点的雨量数据,分别从年降水量、降水日数、日降水量、典型降水过程4个方面,对称重式雨量计与虹吸式雨量计的观测雨量进行对比分析,分析结果表明,两者的观测序列具有较好的相关性与一致性,去除通信不佳造成称重式雨量计缺测的情况,两者的相关系数均值达0.94,平均绝对误差和均方根误差均值分别为-0.15、2.35,符合《降水量观测规范》(SL 21—2015)要求的站点达88%,因此称重式雨量计可以较好地替代虹吸式雨量计,表明自动化雨量计监测具有一定的可靠性。     

红砂坝水文站雨量计比测分析

文章对比分析红砂坝水文站2022年6月1日～8月24日,JDQS-01双翻斗式雨量计与20cmJHT01虹吸式自记雨量计实测降水资料,得出,JDQS-01双翻斗式雨量计在红砂坝水文站具有较高的实用性的结论。根据仪器设计原理,数据可直接用于雨水情信息平台,在防汛抗旱工作中,可以实时反映当地的雨情变化,可为水文信息自动化发展提供强大的助力。     

翻斗式雨量计运作过程误差分析

翻斗式雨量计是一种观测自然界降雨量的设备,它将一定的降雨量转换为开关信息输出,其不同的误差来源对雨量数据采集精度具有不同程度的影响。如何减小雨量数据采集误差,对水资源利用、洪水预报、水文资料整编等工作具有重要意义。通过对翻斗式雨量计进行误差分析,提出通过调节翻斗感量,并根据常年降雨强度统计数据,以及不同雨强下的滴定结果,将翻斗式雨量计应用到更适合的区域,从而减小翻斗式雨量计的降雨量观测误差。     

翻斗式雨量计的误差分析与改进

目前国内外水文自动测报系统使用的翻斗式雨量计存在翻斗式雨量传感器测量误差偏大问题,翻斗式雨量传感器主要存在最大起始、翻斗计量、器口尺寸等误差,在分析误差产生原因的基础上,提出相应的改进措施,主要措施有:调整翻斗感量,减小翻斗倾角,缩短2斗室转换时间,增大承雨口面积,安装阀门消减器差装置,仪器表面喷涂特氟龙,利用软件改正误差.从理论上解决了翻斗式雨量计误差偏大问题,可以在实践中推广应用     

虹吸式字迹雨量计虹吸订证方法的探讨

本文阐述了虹吸式自记雨量计虹吸误差和虹吸线倾斜所产生的原因,并依据SL21-90<降水量观测规范>的有关规定,对虹吸误差和虹吸线倾斜的订正方法进行了探讨,指出了不同订正方法的优、缺点,对实际工作起到了指导性的作用.     

运城市JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计应用分析

随着水文信息化的不断推进,运城市引用JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计代替人工测量城市降雨量。为探讨JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计的实用性和准确性,采用人工观测数据与JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计测量数据对比的方法进行分析,可为JDZ-02型翻斗式雨量计在其他城市的应用提供参考。     

陆水水库(坝上)站两种不同分辨率雨量计观测数据对比分析

为提高降水量观测成果精度,且为防汛测报工作提供有力的数据支撑,基于陆水水库(坝上)站使用的两种不同分辨率雨量计同期测得2017～2019年降水观测资料,分别从仪器的结构性能、年降水量、月降水量、日降水量、降水日数等方面进行了对比分析,研究了不同分辨率的雨量计对雨量观测结果的影响程度.分析结果表明:在雨强较大时,分辨率为...     

Geostatistical mapping of precipitation: implications for rain gauge network design.

This study examined four univariate kriging techniques; simple kriging (SK), ordinary kriging (OK), multi-Gaussian kriging (MGC), and log-normal kriging (LNK); and two multivariate kriging algorithms; kriging with external drift (KED) using elevation and slope in two different models for the estimation of daily rainfall in a 250 m x 250 m grid over a 750 km2 area in the Canadian Boreal forest. Multivariate kriging did not enhance daily rainfall predictions. SK, OK, and LNK produced statistically comparative results with OK being slightly better. MGC was the worst univariate estimator, mainly due to the high percentage of data spikes. Sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) was then implemented to produce 100 equiprobable maps of rainfall. A multi-objective approach; that is based on overlaying the map of the kriging variance, the DEM, and land use/land cover maps in a GIS framework to identify the areas of commonly favourable features; was proposed to identify potential future sampling locations.     

固态存储雨量器与普通雨量计观测资料的相关分析

本文主要通过对延边水文水资源勘测局所辖的大甸子站,松江站、汉阳屯站2006年5个月的统计数据进行误差对比分析,阐述固态存储雨量器比普通雨量计在进行数据测量时的优越之处.     

自记雨量计常见故障分析及处理方法

本文介绍了收集大气降水仪器在工作中经常发生的故障及出现的异常现象，例举了排除各种故障的方法及确定资料精度的依据，对做好降水记录工作具有一定的指导意义。     

Evaluation of high-resolution satellite precipitation products with surface rain gauge observations from Laohahe Basin in northern China

Three high-resolution satellite precipitation products, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) standard precipitation products 3B42V6 and 3B42RT and the Climate Precipitation Center's (CPC) morphing technique precipitation product (CMORPH), were evaluated against surface rain gauge observations from the Laohahe Basin in northern China. Widely used statistical validation indices and categorical statistics were adopted. The evaluations were performed at multiple time scales, ranging from daily to yearly, for the years from 2003 to 2008. The results show that all three satellite precipitation products perform very well in detecting the occurrence of precipitation events, but there are some different biases in the amount of precipitation. 3B42V6, which has a bias of 21%, fits best with the surface rain gauge observations at both daily and monthly scales, while the biases of 3B42RT and CMORPH, with values of 81% and 67%, respectively, are much higher than a normal receivable threshold. The quality of the satellite precipitation products also shows monthly and yearly variation: 3B42RT has a large positive bias in the cold season from September to April, while CMORPH has a large positive bias in the warm season from May to August, and they all attained their best values in 2006 (with 10%, 50%, and -5% biases for 3B42V6, 3B42RT, and CMORPH, respectively). Our evaluation shows that, for the Laohahe Basin, 3B42V6 has the best correspondence with the surface observations, and CMORPH performs much better than 3B42RT. The large errors of 3B42RT and CMORPH remind us of the need for new improvements to satellite precipitation retrieval algorithms or feasible bias adjusting methods.     

上栗县“2014.5.25特大暴雨”与 “2008.5.28特大暴雨”影响对比分析

上栗县2008~2014年相隔6年发生两次历史罕见的特大暴雨,2014年特大暴雨比2008年特大暴雨小58.4mm,而栗水河洪峰水位反而高0.23m,受灾群众之多和受灾程度之重也远超出上次。本文通过实地沿河调查、测量洪痕、降雨洪水分析计算对两次特大暴雨进行影响对比分析。     

Geostatistical analysis of spatial variability of rainfall and optimal design of a rain gauge network

Kriging is a geostatistical estimation technique for regionalized variables that exhibit an autocorrelation structure. Such a structure can be described by a semivariogram of the observed data. The punctual-kriging estimate at any point is a weighted average of the data, where the weights are determined by using the semivariogram and an assumed drift, or lack of drift, in the data. The kriging algorithm, based on unbiased and minimum-variance estimates, involves a linear system of equations to calculate the weights. Kriging is applied in an attempt to describe the spatial variability of rainfall data over a geographical region in northern Greece. Monthly rainfall data of January and June 1987 have been taken from 20 measurement stations throughout the above area. The rainfall data are used to compute semivariograms for each month. The resulting semivariograms are anisotropic and fitted by linear and spherical models. Kriging estimates of rainfall and standard deviation were made at 90 locations covering the study area in a rectangular grid and the results used to plot contour maps of rainfall and contour maps of kriging standard deviation. Verification of the kriging estimates of rainfall are made by removing known data points and kriging an estimate at the same location. This verification is known as the jacknifing technique. Kriging errors, a by-product of the calculations, can then be used to give confidence intervals of the resulting estimates. The acceptable results of the verification procedure demonstrated that geostatistics can be used to describe the spatial variability of rainfall. Finally, it is shown how the property of kriging variance depends on the structure and the geometric configuration of the data points and the point to be estimated can also be used for the optimal design of the rain gauge network in an area.     

辽源水文站年径流长短系列代表性分析

我们在做水文水利计算的时候,常常需要计算样本系列的统计参数。样本的选取直接关系到计算成果的准确性。所以三性检查是我们开展计算分析的第一步。本文着重分析辽源水文站年径流资料长短系列代表性。     

普通雨量器降水量观测误差的分析

文章分析了普通雨量器降水量观测过程中引起降水量误差的原因,并依据《降水量观测规范》的有关规定,提出了控制普通雨量器降水量观测误差的具体方法。     

翻斗式雨量计翻斗旋转时间特性分析

在翻斗式雨量计的研究中,由于翻斗旋转速度较快,造成翻斗旋转时间的测量一直以来都是一个难点。利用图像处理中的帧间差分法,结合Matlab软件编程,提出了一种新的翻斗旋转时间测量方法。在此基础上,将该方法应用于4种常用的翻斗式雨量计,在不同的雨强尺度下分别进行试验研究,分析翻斗旋转的时间特性。结果表明:（1）试验中使用的4种单层翻斗式雨量计的翻斗旋转时间在小雨强下不稳定,波动较大;在大雨强下较为稳定,波动较小。（2）JDZ02和CQS·JD02的翻斗旋转时间随雨强的增大而减小,呈较好的线性关系,R2分别为0.99和0.86;JDZ05和CQS·JD05的线性关系不明显,R2均小于0.6。（3）引入数字图像处理中的帧间差分法可以有效获取翻斗旋转的时间特性,并加深对翻斗雨量计的认识。