聚丙烯洗涤脱灰工艺研究

脱除聚丙烯树脂中的残留灰分以提升纯度,对于进一步拓展其在电子器件、医疗用品和食品包装等行业的应用具有重要意义。设计“正己烷+异丙醇”复合体系洗涤脱除聚丙烯树脂中的灰分,以降低Ti、Mg和Al等催化剂残留元素含量,从而得到高纯度的聚丙烯。系统研究了洗涤剂种类、洗涤温度、洗涤剂配比、洗涤时间及洗涤剂用量等工艺条件对灰分脱除效果的影响,并探究了洗涤脱灰处理后聚丙烯树脂的性能变化。实验结果表明,利用“正己烷+异丙醇”复合洗涤剂洗涤聚丙烯粉料,总灰分含量降至30.81μg·g^-1,灰分脱除率达到79.99%,聚丙烯纯度得到显著提升。同时,洗涤脱灰处理提高了聚丙烯的等规度。     

聚丙烯灰分检测研究进展

对目前聚丙烯灰分含量的检测方法进行了综述,系统介绍了称重法、电感耦合等离子质谱法、电感耦合等离子光谱法、原子吸收法和荧光光谱法等在聚丙烯灰分测试中的应用,并详细分析了各测试方法的优缺点,为建立更加成熟、简便、准确的测试方法提供理论基础。称重法在检测聚丙烯灰分含量中得到最广泛的应用;电感耦合等离子质谱法、电感耦合等离子光谱法、原子吸收法和荧光光谱法等对痕量元素分析结果较为准确,但在灰分检测中的应用尚未成熟。     

降低聚丙烯粉料灰分的措施探讨

分析了影响聚丙烯粉料灰分的因素，介绍了CS-1型高效催化剂体系聚丙烯灰分理论值计算公式，论述了从完善丙烯精制手段、提高丙烯质量、降低催化剂加料量、提高单釜产量诸方面入手，降低聚丙烯粉料灰分。提高产品质量的几项措施。     

间歇法生产超低灰分聚丙烯的精益措施

间歇法聚丙烯工艺具有“流程短、设备简单、操作灵活、见效快”的特点,可以在该装置上进行超低灰分聚丙烯的开发。分析了超低灰分聚丙烯生产过程中灰分产生的来源,并针对来源从原辅料选择、加注量控制、生产过程、后处理、包装等一系列工序进行精益措施的优化,本着“三乙基铝欠量、外给电子体适量、催化剂够量”的原则加入三剂,同时从反应机理出发,控制聚丙烯在釜内变化的每一个阶段,不断完善与精益管理生产过程,降低灰分的产生。     

聚丙烯洗涤塔在硫酸生产中的应用

简述了硫酸厂洗涤塔的一般防腐蚀措施基础，重点介绍聚丙烯作为硫酸厂填料洗涤塔的材质应用。     

聚丙烯填料洗涤塔的设计与使用

聚丙烯填料洗涤塔的设计与使用凌义松，谢耀松（巨化集团公司硫酸厂３２４００４）１前言我厂净化工序采用水洗流程（文氏管一旋风除沫器一洗涤塔一电除雾器），其中洗涤塔为填料塔，钢制壳体，内衬石棉板、３ｍｍ厚软铅板和整砌耐酸砖。该塔１９６２年投入使用，１９６４...     

聚丙烯灰分的来源及控制手段

本文对环管聚丙烯装置PP产品的灰分来源进行定性的分析,并在此基础上推导出定量的计算方法,从而为控制好聚丙烯产品的灰分含量,提高出厂产品优级品率提供了有实际意义的指导。     

间歇式生产中纤维级聚丙烯灰分的优化控制

间歇式聚丙烯生产中,灰分主要来自生产聚丙烯时所含催化剂和活化剂,另外还有混入的少量机械杂质等各种因素的影响,难以控制达到纤维级聚丙烯树脂的要求,对这些因素进行实验,采用优化控制方法,使灰分达到纤维级聚丙烯树脂的要求.     

聚丙烯灰分的产生原因及控制手段

本文对环管式聚丙烯工艺产品的灰分来源进行定性分析,通过定量计算,提出控制聚丙烯产品灰分的手段,对提高聚丙烯产品质量提供了指导意见。     

钛硅分子筛混合溶剂洗涤再生的研究

研究了失活钛硅分子筛采用过氧化氢和甲醇溶剂混合洗涤的再生过程。通过正交实验，系统考察了再生温度、再生时间、过氧化氢与甲醇质量比和混合溶剂量四个因素对再生过程的影响，得到了再生的最佳工艺条件。在此条件下，反应30 min，环氧丙烷选择性为98.55%，环氧丙烷收率为26.35%，H₂O₂转化率为32.4%。     

Removal of boron from coal fly ash by washing with HCl solution

Boron as an environmentally regulated substance is well known to condense in the coal fly ash generated from coal combustion plants. Since boron in the coal fly ash tends to elute into the soil easily, a technology for its stabilization or removal from fly ash is required. An acid washing process is proposed and studied as one of the candidate technologies for the removal of boron from coal fly ash. A laboratory-scale investigation is conducted on the dissolution behavior of boron in the coal fly ash in a diluted HCl solution. The dissolution of boron and alkaline species is considerably fast and exhibits a behavior different from that of aluminum and silicon, which are major components of the ash. From the kinetic model, it is expected that boron in the ash may mainly be in the form of alkaline or alkaline earth borates that are deposited on the surface of relatively large ash particles of alumino-silicate or may be precipitated as fine particles during coal combustion. This acid washing process is extended to a bench-scale plant and boron is successfully removed from the coal fly ash until its content is less than the regulation limit.     

粉煤灰处理生活洗衣废水的研究

分析了粉煤灰粒度、投加量、吸附时间、吸附温度及pH值等因素对吸附效果的影响,确定处理生活洗衣废水的最佳条件。     

Removal of gossypol from cottonseed by solvent extraction procedures

Summary The relative efficiencies of organic, polar solvents and of solvent-water pairs for use in the extraction of gossypol and related compounds from cottonseed flakes were determined in a specially devised glass laboratory extractor. Of the solvents tested a butanone-water pair containing 10% of water by volume was the most effective, and chlorine-substituted hydrocarbons were the least effective. Under equilibrium conditions maximum extraction of gossypol was obtained with a butanone solvent containing 2.5% of water by weight. The rate of extraction of gossypol from cottonseed meal with butanone-water pairs increased with increase in the amount of water in the system and with increase in temperature of the extraction system. The greater amounts of water in the extraction system resulted in swelling and packing of the flakes and in a decrease in extraction efficiency. Flakes extracted at 26°C. contained 0.08% free gossypol and those extracted at 71°, 0.054%. This decrease may be due, in part, to the reaction of gossypol with the protein to form bound gossypol. Report of a study carried on under the Research and Marketing Act of 1946. This paper is No. 9 in the series on “Processing of Cottonseed” from the Southern Regional Research Laboratory. References to other papers in this series are: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.24, 97–108 (1947); J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.24, 276–283 (1947); J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.24. 362–369 (1947); J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.26, 28–34 (1949); Oil Mill Gaz.54 (2), 12–15 (1949); Cotton Gin and Oil Mill Press51 (9), 18–20 (1950); Official Proc. Natl. Cottonseed Products Asso,55, 32–34, 36 (1951); and J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. (in press), “The Effect of Screw Press and Hydraulic Press Processing Conditions on Pigment Glands of Cottonseed”, by D. M. Batson. F. H. Thurber, and A. M. Altschul. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Removal of victoria blue from aqueous solution by fly ash

The use of fly ash for the removal of victoria blue (C126, 44045) from aqueous solution at different concentrations and pH has been investigated. The process follows first order adsorption rate expression and the rate constant was found to be 1.70 × 10^?2 min^?1 at a victoria blue concentration of 1.0 × 10^?4 M and 25°C. The uptake of victoria blue by fly ash is diffusion controlled and the value of mass transfer coefficient is 1.25 × 10^?5 cm sec^?1. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir model of adsorption. Maximum removal was noted at pH 8.0. Low desorption of dye from adsorbent surface indicates that the process may not be essentially a reversible one.     

Removal of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from scrap tires by solvent extraction

This study analyzes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds released from scrap tires by GC/MS and introduces a simple extraction process at ambient conditions to remove PAHs from scrap tires. The PAH species released from scrap tires included seven PAH compounds with high molecular weight and 4- and 5-aromatic rings and total-PAH content of 159 mg/L. When scrap tires were extracted using hot water (180 °C) for 3 h, the overall removal efficiency was 53%, indicating that PAHs were not adequately removed by this method. However, using organic solvents, the overall PAH removal efficiency improved to 82% for propionic acid and 70% for acetic acid, because the mass transfer of PAHs within scrap tires increases with decreasing dielectric constant. The PAH removal efficiency was dependent on solvent type and temperature.     

Removal of mineral material from solvent-refined coal by solvent extractions

Solvent refined coal (SRC), a coal extract which is highly polyaromatic in character and relatively high in N, O and S content, is derived from the direct liquefaction of coal. SRC contains mineral matter in the form of soluble organometallic compounds which can not be removed by filtration. These soluble species can be detrimental to the hydrocracking catalyst used in the upgrading of the SRC to high-value liquid fuels. These species, however, can be separated from the SRC by extraction with benzene or tetralin as solvents so that the mineral matter is mainly concentrated in the solvent-insoluble fraction, the other fraction are then readily hydrocracked, as demonstrated in this work.     

Removal of cyclopropenoid fatty acids from cottonseed meals by solvent extraction

Direct solvent-extraction procedures were explored for their effectiveness in removing the residual levels of cyclopropenoid fatty acids from commercial cottonseed meals. Of the seven solvent systems screened, a simple stepwise extraction with an acetone/hexane/water azeotrope was found suitable for the removal of up to 88% of the original CPA content of the meal.     

粉煤灰合成人造沸石除磷效果的研究

以粉煤灰为原料,在微波场下水热合成人造沸石,可缩短结晶时间.将这种人造沸石应用于污水处理实验,处理城市景观用水,控制水体富营养化的氮、磷指标.氨氮的去除机理主要为离子交换,而磷的去除机理的研究目前尚缺乏相关资料.合成沸石中含磷量较低时,不影响在污水处理中的应用.     

Removal of iron from industrial lean methyldiethanolamine solvent by adsorption on sepiolite

Sepiolite clay was used as an adsorbent for the removal of iron ions from industrial methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solvent. The raw sepiolite clay was modified by different chemical and thermal treatments, and was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET-specific surface area analysis. Treating sepiolite with nitric acid significantly improved the adsorption capacity of iron ions from lean MDEA. The experimental equilibrium data were represented by Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of iron ions on sepiolite was spontaneous and endothermic process. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed pseudo-second order model.     

Removal of impurities from liquid solutions by vacuum desorption with solvent evaporation

Mass transfer with solvent evaporation in the vapor-liquid two-phase film evaporators used for the removal of undesirable impurities from liquid solutions at low pressure is studied. The average concentrations of solution components in the falling liquid film are determined. The most efficient operating conditions for impurity removal, in which the resistance to mass transfer is concentrated in the liquid phase, are found. Original Russian Text ? V.N. Babak, T.B. Babak, L.P. Kholpanov, 2008, published in Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, 2008, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 654–670.