多粒径碳组合的微生物燃料电池阳极制备及其性能研究

微生物燃料电池(MFC)的阳极性能差,导致其输出功率较低,实际应用受到了极大的限制。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于多粒径碳组合构筑高性能阳极的方法,以40～60目、100目的活性碳与碳黑为原材料,在不锈钢基底上,制备了三维多孔阳极(CCB),同时在其制备过程中引入碳酸氢铵,获得了孔隙率更高的阳极(CCB-N)。表征实验结果表明,CCB、CCB-N与单一活性碳阳极(C40:40～60目、C100:100目)相比,不仅提高了比表面积,还增强了导电性。在产电性能方面,装配CCB-N的MFC最大功率密度达1831.7m W/m2,比CCB、C40、C100分别提高了9.5%,24.8%和52.3%,这得益于碳酸氢铵辅助造孔,增大了阳极表面可供微生物利用的孔隙率。本研究制备的阳极有效提升了MFC性能,也为高性能阳极的构筑提供了一种新思路。     

微生物燃料电池阳极修饰的研究进展

微生物细胞与电池阳极之间的电子转移速率是影响微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能的重要因素之一.通过阳极修饰可以促进电子转移速率,进而提高MFC产电性能.综述了MFC阳极修饰的研究进展.     

生物质碳材料在微生物燃料电池阳极中的应用

本文以一次性筷子为原材料,通过简单的活化工艺和煅烧工艺制备了多孔碳材料(PCs)。本文采用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察到了所制备的材料的形貌,证明成功制备了多孔碳材料。将一次性筷子多孔碳材料置于微生物燃料电池阳极中,多孔碳(PC-800)产生的最大电流密度约为1. 6 m A/cm2,远远高于传统的商用碳布(CC)。本文介绍了一种利用成本、效益高、可持续发展的天然材料制备高性能MFCs阳极材料的可行策略。     

微生物燃料电池阳极改性修饰最新研究进展

阳极是影响微生物燃料电池性能的重要因素之一,开发简易、高效的阳极改性修饰方法对微生物燃料电池的实际应用具有关键作用。对目前微生物燃料电池阳极改性修饰的最新进展展开综述,总结了分析阳极材料的方法,并对阳极修饰方法未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

微生物燃料电池阳极材料的修饰研究进展

简要介绍了微生物燃料电池以及微生物燃料电池阳极材料,分别从碳纳米管、导电聚合物、石墨烯、金属及金属离子、中介体以及复合材料等方面介绍了目前微生物燃料电池阳极材料修饰的研究进展,最后展望了微生物燃料电池的应用前景。     

微生物燃料电池中碳材料改性阳极和碳基复合材料阳极的最新研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种利用微生物的代谢作用将化学能转化为电能的新技术,近年来受到广泛关注。文章综述了MFC阳极碳材料改性和优化的最新研究成果,介绍了碳材料改性阳极和碳基复合材料阳极的种类、理化特性、产电性能及其在MFC中的应用。     

不同碳材料阳极对海底微生物燃料电池性能影响

分别以相同投影面积的不同碳材料作阳极,以最大功率、阳极电势和内阻为评价指标,研究不同碳材料对海底微生物燃料电池(BMFCs)产电性能影响,利用塔菲尔曲线比较不同碳材料电化学活性.结果表明:碳纤维、碳毡、泡沫碳、碳棒做阳极时,稳定电位和启动时间基本相同;抗极化性能依次减弱;最大功率密度分别为45.79、22.16、16.85、6.17 mW/m2;电池内阻分别为:213、257、312、358Ω;最大交换电流密度分别为0.33、0.13、0.11、0.01 A/m2;组成电池的稳定输出功率分别为0.72、0.61、0.51、0.32 mW.阳极物质传递分析表明,BMFCs产电性能受阳极材料表面附着微生物数量和底物转移率影响.     

导电聚合物修饰微生物燃料电池阳极的研究进展

阳极作为微生物燃料电池的重要组成部分,其性能直接影响微生物燃料电池的产电效率。主要综述了聚苯胺、聚吡咯等导电聚合物及其复合物修饰微生物燃料电池阳极材料的最新研究进展,对修饰材料的特点与性能进行了分析,最后对导电聚合物修饰微生物燃料电池阳极进行了展望。     

自支撑活化三维分级多孔碳阳极的制备及其在MFCs的应用

微生物燃料电池是一种可以从污水中直接回收能量的新型装置。然而,还有很多问题限制了它的广泛应用,其最大的困难在于输出功率密度低。阳极材料对于提高其功率密度和能量转换效率非常重要。本文基于生物质原料,利用化学试剂活化结合热处理,制备得到了一系列具有分级孔结构的自支撑活化三维碳基阳极。这种自支撑三维阳极具有优异的导电性、良好的电化学活性、出色的传质扩散以及优良的微生物相容性。其中,6mol/L KOH溶液处理得到的三维阳极具有最优的电化学活性和最佳功率输出,其最大功率密度高达121.45W/m³,是处理前的1.8倍。此研究为构筑高效功能三维碳基MFCs电极材料提供新思路和新方法。     

微生物燃料电池阳极材料的研究概况

综述了不同种类阳极材料(碳基材料、金属基材料、改性材料、天然材料和新型材料)在微生物燃料电池中的研究进展,对阳极材料在微生物燃料电池中作用机理进行了总结。探究了不同阳极材料所产生的输出功率、功率密度、电压、电流密度以及对污染物的降解效果,分析了提升产能的原因。对微生物燃料电池阳极材料的不足之处进行了阐述,对其未来发展提出了展望。     

软模板法用壳聚糖制备富氮多孔碳材料

以壳聚糖溶液为原料、三嵌段两亲共聚物F127为软模板,采用一步法合成多孔碳氮材料,考察了复配溶液pH值及碳化温度等条件对材料孔结构、比表面积和吸附CO2的影响. 结果表明,材料以介孔为主,比表面积最高达457 cm2/g,氮含量最高达7.60%,表面氮元素含量最高达8.45%,以吡啶类活泼价态形式存在,材料对CO2的吸附量最高达80.8 mg/g,吸附效率达0.274 mg/cm3.     

Modified Carbon Anode by MWCNTs/PANI Used in Marine Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell and its Electrochemical Performance

Improving the performance of anode is a crucial step for increasing power output of marine sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). A multi‐walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (MWCNTs/PANI) modified anode was prepared by the way of electrochemical deposition and its electrochemical performance is investigated in this paper. Result shows that the wettability of carbon felt becomes better and the number of bacteria (9.52 × 10¹² m⁻²) on anode biofilm is increased respectively, which is 9 times higher than that of the unmodified. The anti‐polarization ability of the modified anode increases significantly and its kinetic activity of electron transfer increases 4 times. Its exchange current density is 3.62 × 10⁻⁵ A cm⁻². The maximum power density of the modified SMFC reaches 527.0 mW m⁻², which is 4 times higher than that of the unmodified one. Finally, a novel molecular synergistic mechanisms for the enhanced SMFC is also presented, based on the higher bacteria number, the capacitive performance of PANI, the hydrogen bond interaction and higher conductivity of MWCNTs. This excellent electrochemical performance makes the MWCNTs/PANI composite be a potential choice for higher output SMFC.     

凝胶-化学交联法制备聚乙烯醇多孔载体材料

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,采用凝胶-化学交联法制备聚乙烯醇多孔载体材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和比表面及孔径分布仪等方法对PVA多孔载体材料进行表征。考察了温度、凝胶化时间、戊二醛交联时间、戊二醛浓度以及DMAC加入量等因素对多孔载体材料性能影响。通过重复试验对实验结果进行验证,得到PVA多孔载体材料的平均孔隙率为68.294%、平均交联度为92.331%、平均直径为0.299 cm,采用比表面积及孔径分布仪测得其Langmuir比表面积为83.740 m2/g,并且在此条件下得到多孔载体材料的各特性稳定性好、重复率高。     

二硫化钼纳米片用于修饰微生物燃料电池阳极的研究

利用简单的一步水热法制备了MoS2纳米片并用于修饰不锈钢纤维毡阳极(MoS2-SSFF),与未修饰不锈钢纤维毡阳极(SSFF)和多壁碳纳米管修饰阳极(CNT-SSFF)进行了对比研究。装配MFC运行的测试结果表明,MoS2-SSFF/MFC的功率密度为714 m W/m2,略高于CNT-SSFF/MFC的功率密度693 m W/m2,远高于未修饰SSFF/MFC的功率密度197 m W/m2。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到MoS2纳米片呈簇状附着于MoS2-SSFF电极表面,显著增加了电极的比表面积。MoS2纳米片修饰改善了SSFF阳极的生物相容性,修饰电极在循环伏安测试(CV)中表现出良好的氧化还原性能。水热法制备的MoS2纳米片用于修饰阳极是一种高效、经济、简单的阳极修饰方法。     

Porous Carbon as Anode Catalyst Support to Improve Borohydride Utilization in a Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell

Our study explores the use of porous carbon as anode catalyst support to improve borohydride utilization in a direct borohydride fuel cell. Pt catalysts supported by carbon aerogel (CA) and macroporous carbon (MPC) are synthesized by template method. The pores in porous carbon materials catch hydrogen bubbles to regulate the contact of anolyte with catalytic sites, and this leads to the depression of hydrogen evolution during BH₄⁻ electrooxidation. However, the hydrogen bubbles in the pores simultaneously deteriorate charge carrier transport and thus increase anode polarization. The CA‐supported Pt catalyst improves the coulombic efficiency of BH₄⁻ electrooxidation. However, the MPC‐supported Pt catalyst performed better than the CA‐supported Pt catalyst. MPC also has a good pore distribution, which improves the coulombic efficiency of BH₄⁻ electrooxidation without decreasing anode performance.     

High Performance Activated Carbon/Carbon Cloth Cathodes for Microbial Fuel Cells

Replacing precious metal catalysts by inexpensive activated carbon (AC) is a breakthrough in microbial fuel cell (MFC) cathode fabrication. In this study, AC powders made from bamboo, peat, coal, coconut, and hardwood sources are evaluated in terms of their electrochemical performance with carbon cloth as the base material. These ACs are characterized in terms of their conductivity, surface chemistry, surface area, and pore size distribution. The bamboo‐based AC demonstrates the highest potential for use as a catalyst for carbon cloth based cathode, reaching 10.6 A m⁻² at 0V vs. Ag/AgCl and a loading of 25 mg cm⁻². The maximum power density reached 3.3 W m⁻² in CEA–MFCs. The high performance of the bamboo‐based AC cathode was possible due to the good conductivity and suitable surface chemistry of the bamboo AC and the high surface area of the base material. The hydrostatic pressure tolerance of the AC carbon cloth cathode is greater than 1.8 m, allowing for a more versatile cathode, suitable for use in many different reactor configurations.     

Waterproof Breathable Membrane Used as Gas Diffusion Layer in Activated Carbon Air Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells

One of the main limiting factors for scaling up microbial fuel cells (MFCs) technology is to develop low‐cost and high‐efficiency cathode. A new and simplified approach was developed by using a commercial waterproof breathable membrane (WBM) as gas diffusion layer (GDL) material as substitution for conventional polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) GDL. Air‐cathode with the WBM pasted (AC‐P) onto the stainless steel mesh (SSM) achieved a maximum power density of 611 ± 10 mWm⁻², which was similar to that using a PTFE GDL by rolling method (645 ± 12 mWm⁻², AC‐R). Physical and electrochemical techniques were employed to investigate the morphology and electrochemical characteristics of the cathode. The result demonstrated that AC‐P had a higher current density and internal resistance than AC‐R. Besides, the WBM had a higher porosity and uniform texture. The study showed that the WBM was a kind of good GDL material for easy preparation, low cost and stable performance of cathode construction.     

Amphiphilic Biopolyester‐Carbon Nanotube Anode Enhances Electrochemical Activities of Microbial Fuel Cell

Hydrophobic bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates were rendered amphiphilic by grafting with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, followed by compositing with carbon nanotubes. The polymer graft composite as an anode material encouraged superior biofilm surface growth; thus enhancing electrochemical activities in microbial fuel cells and resulting in higher current and power densities. The internal resistance of the cell was greatly reduced due to improved electron transfer from the biofilm to the anode.     

以固态碳为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池与其他燃料电池一样具有能量转化效率高、环境污染少等优点。相比于其他燃料电池,固体氧化物燃料电池在较高的操作温度下工作,可以使用气态、液态甚至固态的燃料。文章综述以固态碳为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池研究进展,主要介绍其反应机理与电池构型,并分析其操作特点,探讨以固态碳为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池的发展方向。