螺旋线行波管欧拉非线性注波互作用理论

如何获得螺旋线行波管的欧拉非线性解析解是研究其非线性特性产生物理机制的关键.本文采用逐次逼近法,详细推导了螺旋线行波管的欧拉非线性注波互作用解析解,获得了电场与电子相位的解析关系,并将逐次逼近解析解与拉格朗日理论以及传统的欧拉理论进行对比.仿真中采用了一支C波段和一支Ku波段的螺旋线行波管(均匀螺距分布),仿真结果表明...     

引起行波管增益幅度相位波动的一种原因

无内反射的理想行波管小信号和大信号互作用理论不能解释行波管的增益和相移随频率快速波动的现象,但这种现象在行波管中不同程度地存在,并严重影响行波管的总体性能,特别是影响行波管幅度和相位的一致性.本文通过对具有高频不连续性的行波管进行建模分析,用表征不连续性的反射系数的幅度给出了行波管增益和相移峰-峰值的量级,对控制相位一致性行波管的不连续性提供了依据.     

基于BP神经网络的功放自适应预失真

提出用神经网络的方法来实现功放的自适应预失真模型。它利用BP神经网络的函数逼近能力，来学习功放预失真器的MM/AM、AM/PM特性函数，以抵消由于功放非线性引起的信号失真和交扰；同时，也通过自适应地调整幅度和相位两个神经网络的权、阈值，来跟踪放大器的特性变化。仿真结果证实了基于神经网络的预失真模型的有效性和低复杂性。     

Ku波段150W空间行波管的设计和研制

本文介绍了中科院电子所Ku波段150 W连续波空间行波管的设计、模拟和测试结果。该行波管采用双阳极电子枪、螺旋线跳渐变慢波结构、非轴对称四级降压收集极、辐冷型散热器。动态通过率在98.5%以上,在12.25~12.75 GHz范围内输出功率大于154 W,效率大于62%,增益大于51.8 dB,饱和点非线性相移小于46.65°,AM/PM变换系数小于4.31°/dB。环境试验结果表明行波管结构设计符合卫星力学环境条件,热设计符合空间环境试验条件。     

四次谐波多级级联二阶非线性效应非线性相移解析研究

给出了四次谐波产生的多级级联二阶非线性耦合方程基波相移的解析表达式,该方法实现了利用两个相位失配因子对基波相移的控制。对由该效应产生基波相移与传统级联二阶非线性产生的基波非线性相移进行了对比。     

基于矢网的行波管AM/PM转换系数的测试

分别用传统测试方法和用矢网测量S参数法测试了行波管的调幅调相转换系数,对两次测试结果进行了比较,并重点对矢网测试的误差进行了分析和讨论,确定了用矢网测量行波管AM/PM参量的方法.实际测试结果表明通过调整状态设置参量,用矢网测试行波管AM/PM参量的方法是高效可行的.     

模拟信号在SOA中的交叉相位调制特性研究

为了研究模拟光信号在半导体光放大器中的交叉相位调制特性,以正弦波和三角波两种模拟光信号为例,采用数值计算的方法,详细分析了交叉相位调制过程中模拟信号的增益、非线性相移差和啁啾。结果表明,当信号光和控制光之间采用帧同步方式时,信号光脉冲各点的增益及增益差出现波动,非线性相移差将围绕理想值π出现不同程度的偏离;采用比特同步方式可使信号光脉冲各点非线性相移差均衡,此时所需的控制光脉冲和信号光脉冲波形类似。     

WCDMA系统中基于查找表的预失真技术的研究

在无线通信系统中,高功率放大器因其非线性,导致AM／PM效应使得微分相位、微分增益和互调失真变坏。高质量的通信系统设计应尽可能减小功率放大器的AM／PM效应。因此,针对宽带码分多址（WCDMA）功放非线性失真问题,采用一种基于查找表（LUT）的自适应预失真方法,改善功放的非线性失真。仿真表明．该方法能有效补偿放大器产生的AM—AM、AM-PM失真,并将功放的邻道功率泄漏比（ACPR）改善到30dB左右。     

双槽型耦合腔行波管非线性注波互作用计算方法

建立了双槽型耦合腔行波管三维频域非线性注波互作用模型,推导出参与注波互作用电磁场及粒子运动方程组。根据模型与方程组编写非线性互作用计算程序,模拟注波互作用过程,得到输出功率、增益等性能参数。计算结果与X波段双槽型耦合腔行波管实测数据比较,以验证计算方法的准确性,并对互作用过程中的非线性现象进行分析,希望能够辅助行波管的设计。     

DVB—S简介（十一）

从图中可以看出,发射端的基带成形滤波器,接收端的匹配成形滤波器使信道的通频带具有带限特性;而发射设备中的高功放(HPA)和卫星转发器上的行波管放大器(TWTA)都是非线性器件,即其输入输出特性曲线是非线性的,且具有调幅调相(AM/PM)转换特性,也就是说当输入的射频载波幅度发生变化时,会引起输出载波相位变化,从而引起互调噪声,使比特误码率恶化,并改变发射信号的射频频谱形状。C波段卫星信道的自由空间部分的参数特性基本上是恒定的,没有起伏衰落现象,     

Nonlinear space charge wave theory of distortion in a Klystron

We present a new view of nonlinear distortion in a klystron based on an analytically solvable nonlinear Eulerian model. The nonlinear contributions to the analytic solutions for the beam modulations are "nonlinear space charge waves" in the sense that they are produced by the nonlinear mixing of the linear space charge waves. For a single-frequency input, amplitude and phase distortion are shown to be results of "self-intermodulation" at the drive frequency, or mixing of harmonic distortions with the fundamental. The self-intermodulation contributions add out of phase with the linear space charge waves to produce gain compression and phase distortion. By comparing the results to a conventional large-signal Lagrangian model we find this physical picture is accurate for drive levels up to 1.2 dB of gain compression. For a two-frequency input we predict the third-order intermodulation distortion generation and suppression with the nonlinear space charge wave theory.     

Nonlinear Eulerian Analysis of Harmonic Generation in Traveling-Wave Tubes

A third-order nonlinear Eulerian hydrodynamic formulation was developed for the analysis of harmonic generation in helix traveling-wave tubes. The analysis was simple and computationally fast compared to Lagrangian analysis, and contrary to the existing belief, the theory could as well demonstrate the saturation behavior of the device. The performance of the theory was also found to be in close agreement with that of the Lagrangian analysis. The theory is expected to be useful as a first-hand design and simulation tool for microwave and millimetric wave traveling-wave tubes.     

Influence of Reflections of the Output Port on Beam-wave Interaction in Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier

Based on the nonlinear self-consistent theory of gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA), the influence of the reflections of the output port with the taper on the beam-wave interaction in the gyro-TWA is studied. The simulation results show that the reflections have great effects on the TE₀₁ mode gyro-TWA operating at the fundamental. The influence of the taper angle and the interaction length on the beam-wave interaction and the power profile is discussed and the corresponding physical mechanism is analyzed. The saturated output power keeps same approximately with the increase of the taper angle in the presence of reflection while the saturated gain decreases obviously.     

Analysis of nonlinear beam-wave interaction of gyro-peniotron at harmonics

An analysis of the nonlinear beam-wave interaction of the gyro-peniotron at high harmonic is presented in this paper. It bases on a ballistic large-signal theory of the gyropeniotron assuming a given RF field distribution in the resonator. The proposed method is applicable to arbitrary harmonic numbers and to arbitrary TE modes. Analytical results of its operational characteristics are given using computer simulations. E. g. an efficiency of 45% for the third harmonic has been calculated. The results show that the gyro-peniotron could be potentially a high efficiency, high power millimeter-wave device at a low magnetic field.     

Accurate parametric modeling of folded waveguide circuits for millimeter-wave traveling wave tubes

In this paper, results of different models are compared for calculating effective, cold-circuit (beam-free) phase velocities and interaction impedances of folded waveguide (FW) slow wave circuits for use in millimeter-wave traveling wave tubes (TWT). These parameters are needed for one-dimensional (1-D) parametric model simulations of FW traveling wave tubes (FWTWTs). The models investigated include approximate analytic expressions, equivalent circuit, three-dimensional (3-D) finite difference, and 3-D finite element. The phase velocity predictions are compared with experimental measurements of a representative FW circuit. The various model results are incorporated into the CHRISTINE1D code to obtain predictions of small signal gain in a 40-55 GHz FWTWT. Comparing simulated and measured frequency-dependent gain provides a sensitive, confirming assessment of the accuracy of the simulation tools. It is determined that the use of parametric 1-D TWT models for accurate, full band predictions of small signal gain in FWTWTs requires knowledge of phase velocity and impedance functions that are accurate to <0.5% and <10%, respectively. Saturated gain predictions, being approximately half as sensitive to these parameters, appear to require correct specification of phase velocity and interaction impedance to within /spl sim/1% and 20%, respectively. Although all models generate sufficiently accurate predictions of the interaction impedance, not all generate sufficiently accurate predictions of the effective axial phase velocity.     

COMETS 21-GHz advanced satellite broadcastingexperiments-evaluation of trellis-coded 8-PSK performance

An advanced satellite broadcasting system using 21 GHz has been studied by using the high-power (200 W) and wideband (120 MHz) transponders on the Communication and Broadcasting Engineering Test Satellite (COMETS), which was launched 21 February 1998. A highly effective trellis-coded eight-phase-shift-keying (TC8PSK) modem was developed for the COMETS satellite broadcasting experiments, and this paper describes the degradation in the bit error performance of the TC8PSK modem due to the nonlinear amplification (AM/AM distortion and AM/PM conversion effects), group-delay distortion, and amplitude-frequency characteristics of the satellite transponder. The results of the COMETS experiments and computer simulations indicate that the performance degradation is due primarily to the nonlinear distortion and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the traveling wave tube amplifiers in the transponder     

Improved three-dimensional model for the nonlinear analysis of helix travelling-wave tubes

Based upon Tien's disc model, a plastic three-dimensional (3D) super-particle model is proposed to improve the nonlinear analysis of helix travelling-wave tubes. The 3D space-charge forces are calculated, and 3D large-signal working equations are obtained. Numerical results employing a periodic magnetic focusing field are presented. The effects of the space-charge forces with respect to the different directions are investigated and a comparison of travelling wave amplifier (TWA) solutions obtained with the 3D model and the general two dimensional (2D) large-signal programs is given. The 3D electron motions are also analysed. Some useful conclusions, on both theory and experimental researches on TWAs, are obtained: (1) the 3D numerical results are obviously different from the 2D ones, in which the saturation gain decreases while the interaction length increases; (2) because the angular electron bunching results from axial spacial bunching in the helical 3D electron motions, there exists an angular space-charge force; despite the RF potentials and magnetic focusing fields being symmetrical around the axis; (3) the angular space-charge forces can be safely ignored whereas the radial and the axial space-charge forces must be included in the 3D calculation.     

An efficient method for nonlinear distortion calculation of the AM and PM noise spectra of FMCW radar transmitters

The demand for autonomous cruise control and collision warning/avoidance systems has increased in recent years. Many systems based on frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar have emerged and are still in development. Due to the high complexity of such systems, the accurate evaluation of the noise spectra in the transmitter chain driven by complex modulated signals is today a severe drawback due to the limitation of simulation tools. In this paper, a method is proposed to compute easily with any commercially available nonlinear simulator, the amplitude and phase modulated signal distortion introduced by the nonlinearities of the transmitter on an FMCW signal. First, the amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) noise spectra of the driving FMCW signal is derived from the knowledge of the continuous wave (CW) AM and PM noise spectra of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and the modulating saw-tooth signal applied. Using the narrow band envelope concept and a first-order expansion of the nonlinear transfer function of the transmitter, the transfer of the AM and PM noise spectra of the driving FMCW signal through the nonlinear transmitter chain and the resulting output distortion are then computed. This novel approach allows to compute with reduced computation time and very good accuracy the AM/AM, AM/PM, PM/PM, and PM/AM conversion terms in any nonlinear system driven by CW or FMCW signals. This new method has been applied to the characterization of a whole car radar transmitter operating at 77 GHz driven by an FMCW signal issuing from a VCO. A successful comparison between measured and simulated PM-to-AM conversion coefficients of this transmitter is shown, validating the proposed method.