光学微腔调节顶发射单色绿光OLED微显示器件色纯度研究

有机电致发光器件的发光颜色与色纯度在很大程度上受限于有机材料本身特性,而通过光学微腔效应可以从器件结构的改变来进行色纯度的调节。本文介绍了一种通过调节有机结构中空穴传输层和电子阻挡层厚度,从而改变器件微腔腔长,获得高纯度顶发射单色发光器件的方法。利用这种方法制作的有机顶发射绿色磷光器件结构为Si Substrate/Ag/ITO/ NPB: F16CuPc(10 nm, 3%)/NPB(x nm)/ TCTA(y nm)/ mCP: Ir(ppy)₃(40 nm, 6%)/ Bphen: Liq(30 nm, 40%)/Mg: Ag(12 nm, 10%)/Alq₃(35 nm),改变NPB和TCTA的厚度,获得了高色纯度发光器件,正向出射绿光的色坐标达到(0.2092,0.7167),接近标准绿光(0.21, 0.71)。     

白光有机电致发光器件发光稳定性研究

基于红绿/蓝双发光层,制作了结构为ITO/MoO ₃(10nm)/NPB(40nm)/TCTA(10nm)/CBP:R-4B(2%):GIR1(14%,X nm)/mCP:Firpic(8%,Y nm/BCP(10nm)/Alq₃(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al( 100nm)的白色全磷光有机电致发光器件(OLED),通过 调节红绿发光层的厚度X与蓝光发光层的厚度Y,研究了不同发光层厚度器件发 光性能的影响。研究发现:当X 为23nm、Y为7nm时,器件的光效和色坐标都具有 很高的稳定性,在电压分别为5、 10和15V时,色坐标分别为(0.33,0.37)、(0.33,0. 37)和(0.34,0.38);在电压为 5V时,电流密度为0.674mA,亮度为158.7cd ,最大电流效率为26.87cd/A;利用电子阻 挡材料TCTA和空穴阻挡材料BCP能够显著提高载流子的复合效率。分析认为:发光层顺序 为红绿/蓝时,更有利于蓝光的出射,从而使白光的色坐标更稳定。     

加CdS薄层的有机电致磷光白光器件性能的优化

采用CBP和MCP做主体,分别掺杂磷光铱配合物Ir(piq)2(acac)和FIrpic作为红光发光层和蓝光发光层,研究了红光发光层和蓝光发光层的位置对器件性能的影响,得出结构为ITO/2T/NPB/MCP∶Firpic/CBP/CBP∶Ir(piq)2(acac)/Bphen/CdS/LiF/Al的器件性能较好。当CdS的厚度为0.1nm,电流密度为161mA/cm2时,器件的最大效率比不加CdS的器件的最大效率提高了1.42倍。亮度也有较大提高。在电流密度为225mA/cm2(电压为17.5V)时,最大亮度为20 890cd/m2,比不加CdS的器件的最大亮度16 610cd/m2高出4 280cd/m2。     

掺杂与非掺杂相结合制备有机发光器件

采用掺杂和非掺杂方法制备了一种多层白色有机电致发光器件.DPVBi为蓝光发光层,将红光[Ir(piq)2(acac)]磷光掺杂染料掺入到母体BAlq中作为红光发光层,荧光材料QAD以亚单层的方式插入Alq3中作为绿光发光层,通过改变亚单层的厚度,得到了高效率的有机发光器件,此器件的最大电流效率可达6.1 cd/A,最大功率效率达3.1 lm/W,最大亮度达25 300 cd/m2,当电压从4V变化到14V时,色坐标从(0.45,0.55)变化到(0.47,0.37),处于黄白光区.此器件的特点在于器件的性能可以通过简单地调整QAD的厚度进行控制,避免了使用多掺杂层工艺的复杂性.     

新型有机电致蓝色磷光器件的研究

研究了基于FIrpic的超薄非掺杂有机电致蓝色磷光器件的光电特性.改变超薄非掺杂FIrpic发光层以及其隔离层的厚度,可以调控FIrpic分子的聚集及激子相互作用强度对器件性能的影响.研究结果表明,具有TCTA 5 nm/FIrpic 1 nm/TCTA 5 nm/FIrpic 1 nm/TPBI 5 nm/FIrpic 1 nm多发光层结构的器件性能较优,最大发光效率为9.9 cd/A,超薄非掺杂发光层结构避免了掺杂方法中共沉积磷光材料浓度的精确控制,有利于简化器件制备工艺.     

有机电荷产生层对叠层磷光OLED器件性能的影响

采用C60/pentanece作为非掺杂电荷产生层,并在其两边各插入Al和MoOs薄层作为C60和pentanece的电子注入层和空穴注入层,在此基础上制备了结构为ITO/NPB/mCP∶8wt％Ir (ppy) 3/TPBi/Al/C60/pentanece/MoOs/NPB/mCP∶8wt％Ir (ppy) 3/TPBi/Cs2CO3/Al的双发光单元叠层绿色磷光有机发光器件(OLED).实验表明,增加Al和MoO3电荷注入层,可有效改善有机电荷产生层的电荷注入能力,提高叠层OLED器件的发光亮度和电流效率.叠层器件的启亮电压明显低于单个器件的1/2,但电流效率是单层器件的两倍以上.当Al/C60/pentanece/MoO3的厚度分别是3、15、25和1 nm时,叠层OLED器件具有最佳的光电性能,其最大亮度和最大电流效率分别是7 920.0 cd/m2和16.4 cd/A.     

采用双发光层制作白色有机电致发光器件的工艺研究

利用白色OLED是一种实现全彩色显示的方法,因为白光加滤色膜的方式可以获得红、绿、蓝三基色。文章采用双发光层方法,即TBPe掺杂到ADN中作为蓝色发光层,DCJTB掺杂到Alq3中作为红色发光层,从而实现白光显示,器件结构为:ITO/CuPc/NPB/ADN∶TBPE(15nm)/Alq3∶DCJTB(15nm)/Alq3(35nm)/LiF/Al。文章主要研究了发光层厚度和掺杂材料浓度的变化对白色OLED器件发光性能的影响,最终确定了发光层厚度和掺杂剂浓度,当蓝色发光层厚度15nm,红色发光层厚度15nm,TBPe的掺杂浓度(质量分数)为2.8%,DCJTB的掺杂浓度为1.5%时,可以获得最佳的白色器件。与三元共蒸单发光层结构不同,该方法工艺简单,操作过程容易控制,实验重现性高,色纯度好。     

基于Ir(piq)3的红色磷光有机电致发光器

采用真空蒸镀法制备了结构为ITO/NPB(20nm)/CBP(3nm)/CBP∶Ir(piq)3(z%,xnm)/TPBi(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/Cs2CO3∶Ag2O(2nm,20%)/Al(100nm)的器件。研究了掺杂浓度和厚度对器件性能的影响。首先选定Ir(piq)3∶CBP层的厚度为5nm,调节掺杂浓度。结果是当掺杂浓度为10%时,器件的效率和亮度较好;驱动电压为16V时,最大亮度为8 810cd/m2。然后在10%的掺杂浓度下,调节CBP∶Ir(piq)3层的厚度。当厚度为20nm时,器件的性能较好。驱动电压为12V时,电流密度为193mA/cm2,效率为11.92cd/A;驱动电压为19V时,电流密度为302.45mA/cm2,亮度为10 990cd/m2。无论在何种浓度和厚度下,器件的色坐标都在红光范围内。     

新型间隔层对荧磷杂化白光OLED器件性能的影响

以杂化白光结构ITO/HAT-CN(10 nm)/TAPC(30 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/TCTA:PO -01(10 nm ,4%)/MADN:DSA-ph(10 nm,5%)/BPhen(40 n m)/Liq(1nm)/Al(100 nm)为基础,分别用CBP 、SO和SO:TCTA作为间隔层,调节厚度及掺杂比例,研究不同间隔层对杂化白光器件性能的 影响。实验结果表明,SO作间隔层可以有效提高电子与空穴在黄光层的复合,增大器件电子 传输能力而使器件偏向白光,提高器件效率,且由于SO高的三线态能级,可以有效控制激子 复合区域的移动,器件色稳定性也得到提高。再将TCTA与SO掺杂作为间隔层,增强空穴传输 ,调控空穴和电子的传输与平衡,进一步提升器件性能,当SO∶TCTA掺杂比为9∶1时,有最大电流效 率31.60 cd/A,最大功率效率30.16 lm/W,电 流密度为10 mA/cm²时,CIE色坐标为(0.39 ,0.43),从0.1 mA/cm²－80 mA/cm²电流密度变化下色坐标变化(Δx,Δy)仅为(0.02),色坐标漂移小,色稳定性好。     

CBP超薄层对有机电致磷光器件效率的影响

在空穴传输层(HTL)和发光层(EML)间插入4,4-N,N′-二咔唑基联苯(CBP)超薄层,制备了结构为ITO/NPB/CBP(xnm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)3/BCP/Alq3/LiF/Al有机电致磷光器件。与未插入CBP超薄层的器件相比,CBP超薄层的引入可以有效阻挡Ir(ppy)3的三线态能量通过Dexter能量转移到HTL的NPB中,减少无辐射能量损失,提高了器件发光效率。调整CBP薄层的厚度,当x为3nm时,器件的效率提高幅度最大,从x为0nm时的9.0cd/A提高到16.9cd/A。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.