平面四旋翼无人飞行器运送系统的轨迹规划与跟踪控制器设计

对于四旋翼无人飞行器运送系统而言,需要保证飞行过程中负载的摆幅维持在适当的范围内,并且在飞行器到达目的地后负载无残余摆动.本文针对四旋翼无人飞行器运送系统,提出了一种新颖的轨迹规划与跟踪控制方法.论文首先得到了平面四旋翼无人飞行器的运动特性与负载摆角之间的非线性耦合关系.通过相平面内的几何分析,分别设计了两个轴方向上的分段式加速度轨迹.这种轨迹具有简洁的解析表达式并可获得较高的运送效率,同时满足飞行器的速度,加速度等物理约束.为了使四旋翼无人飞行器准确跟踪规划好的轨迹,本文基于反步法设计了一种非线性跟踪控制器,并通过李雅普诺夫方法对其闭环稳定性进行分析,证明其能使跟踪误差指数收敛于零.论文最后通过仿真结果验证了本文所提出方法的可行性与有效性,及其对外界干扰的鲁棒性.     

基于浸入和不变技术的非线性跟踪控制

为实现欠驱动四旋翼飞行器的位置及偏航渐近跟踪,本文基于浸入和不变技术(immersion and invariance,II)提出非线性跟踪控制方法.针对四旋翼飞行器的欠驱动特性,设计了内/外环分别为姿态和位置的双闭环结构,并采用浸入和不变技术构建内/外环的稳定跟踪控制器,利用李雅普诺夫定理保证闭环系统的渐近稳定性.最后,在MATLAB/Simulink环境下进行数值仿真,验证了II控制方案的有效性.     

基于AFSMC算法的四旋翼飞行器控制策略研究

针对四旋翼飞行器在飞行过程中,控制系统存在非线性、强耦合、不确定性和鲁棒性差的问题,建立了关于四旋翼飞行器的动力学数学模型,将自适应控制、模糊控制和滑模控制相结合,提出基于自适应模糊滑模控制(AFSMC)的快速平稳控制策略。采用模糊系统推理方法实现理想控制律的逼近。在满足李雅普诺夫稳定性条件的前提下进行控制器的设计和稳定性分析,并结合四旋翼的数学模型和给定参数进行了MATLAB仿真。仿真结果表明,AFSMC控制器相比常规PID控制器具有良好的动态性能和抗干扰能力。     

四旋翼飞行器自适应滑模控制设计

针对四旋翼飞行器姿态模型建模误差以及外部扰动不确定性的特点,提出了一种基于自适应滑模的非线性控制器。采用参数自适应控制方法逼近系统中的建模误差项,滑模控制方法进一步抵消系统建模误差以及外部不确定扰动项。并采用李雅普诺夫稳定法证明了所设计的控制器能够实现全局渐近稳定。最后,通过四旋翼姿态飞行实验,验证了文中所提出控制方法的有效性,能够实现小型四旋翼姿态的稳定控制,其抗扰性能优于传统PID控制。     

带有输出约束的柔性关节机械臂预设性能自适应控制

针对带有输出约束和模型不确定的柔性关节机械臂系统,提出一种基于时变障碍李雅普诺夫函数的预设性能自适应控制方法.通过构造指数衰减的时变约束边界,提出时变正切型障碍李雅普诺夫函数,能够同时适用于约束与非约束情况,进而拓宽传统对数型障碍李雅普诺夫函数的适用范围.此外,通过预先设置时变边界函数的相关参数,使得系统输出在初始阶段...     

李雅普诺夫指数谱的研究与仿真

李雅普诺夫指数在研究动力系统的分岔、混沌运动特征中起着重要的作用。该文介绍了李雅普诺夫指数的定义、计算原理及数值计算的实现方法，应用Matlab软件，编制了计算李雅普诺夫指数的程序，分析了一维、二维和三维非线性动力系统中分岔和混沌与李雅普诺夫指数之间的关系。绘制了逻辑斯蒂映射、埃农映射和洛仑兹方程的分岔图，并计算了相应的李雅普诺夫指数。实例的计算机仿真表明李雅普诺夫指数是研究分岔、混沌运动，解决工程实际问题的有效方法之一。     

四旋翼飞行器多模式稳定控制

针对四旋翼飞行器的飞行稳定问题,提出了一种多模式的控制策略.在系统建模时引入未知扰动.系统采用内外环控制的方式,外环为位置控制环,采用自适应RBF神经网络对扰动进行预测,并采用非奇异终端滑模控制器实现对未知扰动的补偿和位置跟踪,有效提高了系统的鲁棒性;内环为姿态控制环,采用具备3种姿态角解算模式的超螺旋非奇异终端滑模控制器,使姿态角保持在安全区间内,使飞行器更加稳定和安全.通过李雅普诺夫方程法证明系统的稳定性,并证明了系统误差可有限时间收敛.最后,通过仿真实验验证了所提出控制策略的有效性.     

变形Rikitake系统的混沌同步和应用

针对Rikitake混沌系统同步问题,提出一个新的发电机系统,首先通过对新系统的分维、李雅普诺夫指数和功率谱的研究和计算,判定新系统存在混沌行为,接着采用自适应控制方法设计了自适应控制器和参数更新规则,通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和Barbalat引理,理论上证明了控制器和参数更新规则可使得驱动系统和未知参数的响应系统渐近地达到同步,并且可以清晰辨识出响应系统的未知参数,并运用混沌掩盖的方法将该同步方法应用于保密通信,数值仿真进一步证明了控制器的有效性和可行性。     

电液系统位置压力非线性自适应双闭环控制

随着技术的不断发展电液伺服系统的用途越来越广泛,电液伺服系统在工业设备工程机械、冶金机械、机械制造等领域占据着举足轻重的地位.本文建立位置压力非线性自适应双闭环控制,通过李雅普诺夫函数算法的稳定性探索闭环系统的稳定性.通过李雅普诺夫函数逐步分析算法的半负定.根据半负定判定该算法的稳定性,若为半负定则此时的函数为渐近稳定的.若不是半负定则不是渐进稳定的.采用李雅普诺夫函数算法的稳定性的控制方法,可以使系统的误差逐渐减小,从而使系统趋于稳定状态.从结果分析可以看出采用非线性自适应双闭环控制对跟踪位置压力的期望值有明显的提高,并且误差值也越来越小.     

液位控制系统的混沌故障建模分析

正常的控制系统可能会由于某些非线性故障使系统转变为一个混沌动力学系统,针对实际的液位控制系统的一般数学模型进行仿真分析,仿真过程中通过改变系统的比例以及微分环节的反馈参数以及在此回路中加入一些非线性环节,使液位控制系统的运动转变为混沌运动,同时计算系统的最大Lyapunov指数,通过判断李雅普诺夫指数的正负,从而说明了液位控制系统在满足某些条件下,会转变为混沌运动.研究结果说明,研究控制系统中混沌运动的必要性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.