石英微机械陀螺敏感芯片的结构解耦特性研究

石英微机械陀螺敏感芯片通常采用双端音叉结构,驱动音叉和检测音叉的振动耦合误差是其主要误差源。对双端音叉结构陀螺敏感芯片进行了结构解耦设计仿真,分析了芯片安装区对检测音叉振动特性的影响。通过解耦设计,减小了零偏误差信号,提高了陀螺敏感芯片的稳定性。     

石英微机电陀螺的频率干扰特性研究

石英微机电陀螺是一种哥氏（Coriolis）振动陀螺,其敏感芯片采用音叉式结构,工作时音叉处于谐振状态。敏感芯片具有多阶模态,前9阶模态覆盖频率为3~21 kHz。敏感芯片的部分模态易受外部振动影响而导致敏感芯片产生共振,使陀螺产生零位偏移误差,陀螺的零位偏移误差可达0.5 （°）/s。该文分析了敏感芯片模态共振误差机理,提出通过结构错频设计避免外部环境特定频率对敏感芯片的影响,从而抑制了零位偏移误差,零位偏移误差减小到约0.03 (°)/s,提高了陀螺的振动环境适应性。     

石英微机械陀螺敏感芯片的抗振动分析与改进

石英微机械陀螺是振动惯性器件,而陀螺敏感芯片结构的抗振动能力会直接影响陀螺的性能。由于工作环境的振动会对陀螺的性能产生一定的影响,因此需提高陀螺敏感芯片结构的抗振动能力。该文利用有限元仿真软件对敏感芯片结构进行随机振动仿真分析,通过对敏感芯片结构的优化,提高了陀螺的抗振动能力。     

振动陀螺仪闭环控制系统设计

振动陀螺仪位列新一类固态陀螺,已成为与机械转子陀螺、光学陀螺相并列的三大类陀螺之一.在分析振动耦合误差的基础上,提出了振动陀螺仪闭环控制系统的一般设计方案.由于驱动振动幅度远大于读出振动,因此极小的耦合量就会造成很大的检测误差.同时,驱动振动耦合到读出轴的振动信号与角速率振动信号同相,他不可简单地进行分离的特性使其成为影响陀螺精度的要害问题.通过闭环控制系统的设计和实施,可有效提高振动陀螺仪的精度.     

石英微机械陀螺敏感器件的可靠性分析

石英微机械陀螺敏感器件通常采用一体式音叉结构,具有较高的可靠性,但由于在敏感芯片中设计了挠性结构,挠性结构的参数及加工质量是影响器件可靠性的关键因素。分析了敏感芯片挠性结构在外力作用下的应力分布及结构缺陷对其影响,分析了其失效模式。试验结果验证了分析的准确性,分析结果可作为改进敏感器件可靠性的依据。     

全解耦硅MEMS陀螺仪正交耦合分析北大核心

为了减小正交误差对硅MEMS陀螺仪性能的影响,进一步提高陀螺精度和工程化成品率,对MEMS陀螺正交耦合的影响因素进行了研究。通过MEMS陀螺的运动学简化模型,分析了正交耦合的起因;计算了MEMS陀螺的静电驱动力和阻尼系数,建立了MEMS陀螺有限元参数化模型,利用谐波分析模拟了陀螺在驱动模态下的运动状态;在谐波分析的基础上,研究了不同误差来源对正交耦合的影响。结果表明：侧壁垂直度误差不是正交耦合的起因;科氏质量重心偏移对正交耦合的影响很小,即使在误差敏感方向上,正交耦合系数的敏感度也只有0.003 2%/μm;振动结构支撑梁的加工误差是引起结构刚度不对称并产生正交耦合的主要因素,其中正交耦合系数对梁宽误差的敏感度可达2.15%/μm（梁宽误差为±0.1μm）,对梁倾斜误差的敏感度高达16%/（°）（梁角度误差为±0.05°）。     

石英微机械陀螺抗高冲击能力的优化研究

石英微机械陀螺敏感芯片通常为一体式音叉结构,为实现特定的功能,常在芯片中设计开槽结构,开槽拐角处是应力集中的部位.在高冲击情况下,该部位的最大应力可能先达到石英晶体的屈服强度,导致芯片结构断裂损坏.通过在敏感芯片的开槽结构末端设计圆弧台阶结构,降低了该部位在高冲击环境下受到的最大应力,提高了敏感芯片的抗冲击性能.通过综合优化后,石英微机械陀螺的抗高冲击能力可达到10000g,并保持了较好的性能.     

结构谐振对闭环光纤陀螺振动性能的影响

振动性能是体现光纤陀螺环境适应性的一项重要指标。结构谐振是引起光纤陀螺振动误差的主要因素之一。在描述了光纤传感环圈骨架谐振对陀螺振动性能影响的试验现象的基础上,通过环圈骨架的有限元分析,以及光纤陀螺振动误差模型的推导,得出了环圈骨架谐振频率与陀螺振动输出零位漂移最大点的频率相吻合的结论。针对环圈骨架的薄弱环节进行改进设计及实验验证,结果表明消除结构谐振后的陀螺在0～2000Hz之间振动,输出不再发生明显漂移,振动过程中陀螺的零偏变化不超过0.2(o)/h。     

旋转式硅微机械陀螺的研究

分析了旋转式硅微机械陀螺的工作原理,建立了该陀螺的数学模型,设计了其敏感结构,计算了陀螺振动元件三个轴向的转动惯量、弹性支撑梁扭转刚度、振动元件角振动阻尼系数等动力学参数,计算分析了陀螺的电容敏感特性。对制作的陀螺进行性能测试的结果表明,该陀螺利用旋转载体自身的旋转角速度作为驱动,从而说明敏感载体的俯仰(或横滚)角速度原理正确,并且理论和试验都说明,当载体自旋角速度不同时,陀螺输出信号的比例系数也不同。     

基于滑膜阻尼的间接连接型音叉式微机械陀螺

以提高微机械陀螺性能为目的,设计了一种新颖的音又振动式微机械陀螺.该陀螺的特征在于:驱动和检测模态都是面内的,主要的空气阻尼是滑膜阻尼,使系统具有较低的能量损失和较高的Q值;对称的音叉式结构使检祆测电容加倍,并且由于中间结构的采用,对于加工误差具有较好的健壮性;采用驱动和检测方向具有较大刚度比的近似U型梁,使机械耦合大大降低.动力学分析的结果表明,该陀螺具有较高的稳定性和灵敏度.这不仅为获得高性能微机械陀螺提供了一种可行的设计方案,同时也为其它MEMS产品的设计提供了重要的参考价值.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks