基于布谷鸟算法优化BP神经网络的锂电池健康状态预测

锂电池健康状态(SOH)的预测是电动汽车锂电池管理系统的最重要的关键技术之一;传统的误差逆向传播(BP)神经网络容易使权值和阈值陷入局部最优,从而导致预测结果不精确;结合布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)的全局优化能力,提出一种基于CS算法优化BP神经网络的锂电池SOH预测方法,该方法的核心在于优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值,从而减小算法对初始值的依赖;为了验证算法的泛化性,利用美国国家航空航天局开源锂电池数据集6号电池和7号电池进行仿真实验,仿真得到该算法预测SOH的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.2658和0.2620,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别为0.3319%和0.2605%;通过与BP神经网络、粒子群优化的BP神经网络(PSO-BP)、遗传算法优化的BP神经网络(GA-BP)对比,布谷鸟算法优化的BP神经网络(CS-BP)具有更小的预测误差。     

混沌粒子群神经网络在非线性函数拟合中的应用研究

BP神经网络虽然是目前应用最广泛的神经网络模型,但其自身有易陷入局部极小值和收敛速度慢的缺点。本文提出了一种利用混沌粒子群算法来改进BP神经网络。该算法的基本思想是用混沌粒子群算法对BP神经网络的初始权值和初始阈值进行优化。对粒子群算法进行混沌优化,提高粒子群算法的全局搜索能力;用混沌粒子群算法优化后得到的最优解作为BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值。通过对非线性函数的拟合实验,发现改进后的结果与普通的BP神经网络的结果相比,具有更高的准确性,提高了拟合的精度。     

改进粒子群算法对BP神经网络的优化

介绍一种基于改进粒子群算法优化BP网络的权值调整综合方法。该算法在传统BP算法的误差反传调整权值的基础上,引入粒子群算法的权值修正,并且在训练神经网络权值的同时优化其连接结构,删除冗余连接,从而建立了基于粒子群算法优化的BP网络新模型。结果表明,改进算法不仅可以克服传统BP算法收敛速度慢和易陷入局部权值的局限,而且很大程度地提高了结果精度和BP网络学习能力。     

PSO优化BP神经网络的混沌时间序列预测

针对于BP神经网络预测模型,收敛速度慢,精度较低,容易陷入局部极小值等缺点,提出了一种改进粒子群优化BP神经网络预测模型的算法。在该算法中,粒子群采用改进自适应惯性权重和改进自适应加速因子优化BP神经网络预测模型的初始权值和阈值,然后训练BP神经网络预测模型并预测。将该算法应用到几个典型的混沌时间序列预测。实验结果表明,该算法明显提高BP神经网络预测模型的收敛速度和预测模型的精度,减少陷入局部极小的可能。     

PSO-BP神经网络的电力负荷预测研究

以提升电力负荷预测精度以及实时性为目标,设计粒子群-反向传播神经网络的电力负荷预测方法。该方法预处理历史电力负荷数据,过滤错误数据以及异常数据,归一化处理剩余数据;将归一化处理后数据视为粒子群优化算法的粒子,利用粒子跟踪局部最优值以及全局最优值实现每次迭代过程中粒子速度与位置更新;利用改进非线性动态自适应算法确定最佳惯性权重提升电力负荷预测精度,建立包含输入层、隐含层以及输出层的三层前馈BP神经网络;将粒子群优化算法所输出粒子信息设置为BP神经网络初始阈值以及初始权值训练BP神经网络,直至满足迭代终止条件,输出电力负荷预测结果。选取某电力公司作为实例分析对象,实例分析结果表明,采用该方法预测电力负荷预测精度高于99%,预测时间开销低于150 ms。     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的股市预测模型

为解决股市短期预测中BP神经网络法对初始权值敏感、易陷入局部极小值和收敛速度慢等问题,基于全局随机优化思想的粒子群优化(PSO)算法,对BP神经网络的初始权值进行了优化,建立了PSO-BP神经网络股市预测模型.并通过实例分析与传统BP神经网络预测法进行对比,结果表明该方法收敛速度明显提高,有效降低了训练误差,避免了陷入局部极小值,达到了较高的预测精度,在股市短期预测中具一定的实用价值.     

基于布谷鸟搜索优化神经网络的锂电池荷电状态预测

锂电池荷电状态(SOC)的预测是电动汽车锂电池管理系统中最为关键的技术之一;为实现对SOC的高精度的预测,提岀了一种基于布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)优化的误差反向传播(BP)神经网络的锂电池SOC预测方法,该方法的核心难点之一,在于优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值,从而可以改善易陷入局部最优的情况,减小算法对初始值的依赖;Matlab仿真结果表明,CS—BP神经网络算法的均方根误差值比BP算法的均方根误差值平均降低了0.010 6,CS—BP算法具有更高的预测精度和极强的泛化性能.     

改进PSO-BP神经网络对储层参数的动态预测研究

为提高BP神经网络的收敛速度和泛化能力,防止其陷入局部最优值,在前人工作基础上对传统粒子群算法进行了改进,具体包括：设定最大限制速度、改变惯性权重因子和改进适应度函数,并把改进粒子群算法应用于BP神经网络权值和阈值的优化。之后利用改进粒子群算法优化的BP神经网络实现对储层参数的动态预测,具体步骤为：确定神经网络的输入、输出神经元,定量化时间参数[T],利用训练样本构建神经网络模型并进行检验。最后通过平均训练误差对仿真过程进行分析,结果表明改进PSO-BP算法的收敛性与泛化能力均优于BP算法和PSO-BP算法。     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的湿度传感器温度补偿

针对自动气象站采用的HMP45D型温湿一体化传感器在实际应用过程中易受温度影响的问题,提出了基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)的BP神经网络温度补偿模型,利用粒子群优化算法对BP神经网络的初始权值阈值进行全局寻优,将粒子群优化算法优化好的权值阈值赋给BP神经网络,对BP神经网络进行训练。根据不同温度条件下测得的多组湿度传感器数据,通过建立模型,实现温度补偿,与传统BP神经网络补偿结果进行比较。实验表明,与传统BP神经网络模型相比,利用PSO-BP神经网络模型进行温度补偿后所得的误差绝对值之和降低了10.3887%RH,PSO-BP神经网络可以克服传统BP神经网络易陷入局部极值的局限,补偿精度更高,能更加有效地补偿温度对湿度传感器的影响。     

钢材性能与工艺参数的交叉预测模型研究

为了克服BP神经网络算法的固有缺陷,增强其在钢材生产实践和事故调查中应用实效,提出了对BP神经网络算法的改进措施,并通过排列组合建立了钢材性能、温控工艺和化学成分添加工艺三组数据的6种交叉预测模型。该方法将遗传算法与小生境技术和禁忌算法相结合,优化了BP神经网络初始权值和阈值的选取,避免陷入局部最优解;利用Cauchy误差估计器代替传统均方差估计器,改进了BP神经网络误差统计方法,降低少数异常输入元素对结果的影响。实验结果表明,所有模型训练后检验精度均较高,总体平均相对误差较小,表明了该算法模型具备良好的预测能力和现实可行性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.