77 GHz汽车角雷达宽波束平坦增益阵列天线设计

设计了一款基于波束赋形技术的宽波束、平坦增益平面阵列天线,用于汽车角雷达系统.该阵列天线由三个1×10串馈线阵组成,串馈线阵采用单元不等间距分布的Dolph-Chebyshev天线综合法进行设计以降低副瓣.为了满足汽车角雷达宽视场角(field of view,FOV)的需求,对平面阵列天线采用波束赋形技术以展宽方位面...     

一种新颖的圆极化波导阵列天线设计

介绍了一种新型的Ku波段赋形圆极化波导缝隙阵列天线设计,采用矩形波导宽边纵向直缝隙耦合馈电四脊方形开口波导实现了波导天线的圆极化工作;采用波导窄边耦合器形式的功分器和配相波导组成的馈电网络,控制各线阵的幅度和相位,利用幅度和相位加权的方法实现了圆极化波导天线的波束赋形工作。基于项目需求设计、加工了一套24×16单元天线阵列,测试结果表明,该天线在3%的频段内轴向轴比优于3.0dB、驻波比优于1.6、赋形波束区域覆盖了-40°~0°的范围,满足了项目的指标要求。     

一种天线配置软件定义雷达架构研究

针对目前雷达功能单一,品种较多,提升雷达功能需要更换大部分硬件(尤其天线系统)的问题,提出一种通过天线配置实现软件定义雷达的开放式系统架构。该架构的发射信号基于阵列单元通过软件任意产生,天线可按系统功能通过软件编码控制任意裁剪且可重构。天线单元阵列射频端直接连接二相编码调制器,通过正交二相编码调制,突破了单通道任意数字波束形成,解决了通道一致性问题,使得天线配置更加灵活。该架构不仅可应用于常规相控阵雷达, 还可应用于 MIMO、认知、雷达通信一体化等。通过软件定义开发的多路复用数字波束雷达系统平台,已经完成实际外场测试,表明基于软件定义的多路复用数字波束相控阵雷达技术系统应用可行。     

一种具有雷电防护功能的高增益垂直极化全向赋形天线设计

设计了一种具有雷电防护功能的大功率高增益垂直极化全向赋形天线.天线采用印刷偶极子作为辐射单元,通过4个单元俯仰组阵满足天线高增益要求.采用遗传算法优化阵元幅度和相位,实现天线俯仰波束赋形设计.通过功分器对均匀分布的4组赋形子阵列等幅同相馈电,实现天线方向图方位面全向覆盖.避雷针穿过天线印制板安装架安装于天线底座中心起雷...     

一维超宽带阵列天线时域波束扫描分析

宽带雷达作为一种新体制雷达,具有优越的反隐身能力、强的抗干扰能力、极高的距离分辨率等诸多优点.相对于传统相控阵雷达,超宽带雷达采用实时延时技术替代传统的移相器进行波束控制.该文章基于超宽带雷达相关理论进行了时域超宽带阵列天线波束扫描研究.采用对拓维瓦尔迪天线设计了四单元均匀直线超宽带阵列并进行了时域仿真及实验测试.结果表明,该阵列在X-Z平面可以实现±40°的波束扫描.阵列规模由天线单元间距决定,通过精确仿真分析天线单元间距使波束合成效果达到最优化.阵列的峰峰值方向图仿真验证了时域波束扫描理论是可行的,同时论证了实时延时技术可以被集成到时域雷达中以实现实时扫描.     

一种波束扫描固态等离子体超表面的设计

为了实现空间中波束的动态扫描,设计了一款基于固态等离子体的超表面。采用阵列单元相位曲线拼接的技术,通过拼接介质基板厚度不同的阵列单元的相位曲线来实现0°~360°的相位补偿,并用数值插值的方式建立超表面参变量与相位补偿角之间的映射。结果表明,超表面的反射主波束方向θ分别为15°,25°和30°,计算结果与设计相符合,通过改变固态等离子体的激励区域来重构阵列单元,实现了空间中波束在θ为15°,25°和30°时的动态扫描。此反射型超表面阵列单元的普适性设计方法,降低了阵列单元的设计难度,并通过固态等离子体的可调谐特性实现了空间波束扫描超表面的设计。     

基于精确响应控制的子阵波束赋形算法

相控阵多采用子阵划分来减少通道数,针对均匀划分子阵的波束赋形问题进行研究,提出了一种基于精确响应控制的波束赋形方法。具体来讲,首先由输出期望方向图和单个子阵静态方向图得到子阵级期望方向图;在此基础上利用精确阵列响应控制方法计算出最优权向量,使子阵级静态方向图满足于子阵级期望方向图;最终成功实现了均匀划分子阵的波束赋形。所提算法具有实现简单、灵活性强、适用范围广的优点。文中对所提算法进行了仿真验证,充分证实了所提算法的有效性,可以为子阵的实际工程应用提供重要的理论支撑。     

一体化馈源大角度扫描折叠式反射阵列天线

卫星通讯服务的快速增长催生了对于“动中通”设备旺盛的需求.由于具有低剖面、加工方便、功能实现多样等特点, 折叠式反射阵列具有应用于“动中通”系统的巨大潜力.针对这一应用需求, 提出了一种具有大角度扫描能力的折叠式反射阵列设计方案, 基于多层印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)技术,设计了一种工作在C波段可用于折叠式反射阵列具有60°扫描能力的微带缝隙单元, 利用该单元设计了0°、45°和60°波束指向的固定波束折叠式反射阵列.此外, 使用阵列馈源替代传统喇叭馈源, 完成了馈源与主反射面的一体化设计, 实现了折叠式反射阵列天线结构的平面化.固定波束折叠式反射阵列的仿真和实测结果表明在4.85~5.15 GHz的频率范围内, 阵列具有60°波束扫描的能力.     

一种轻巧型接收数字波束雷达系统的实现

针对数字波束相控阵雷达多通道问题,提出利用多路复用技术实现全数字阵接收多波束相控阵雷达的一种解决方案。天线阵列直接采用高频二相调制,将接收多通道直接模拟合成一路传输处理,基带提取各个天线单元回波数据信号、相位幅度加权,基带实现任意接收数字多波束。该技术突破单通道数字波束相控阵雷达接收技术,使天线体积大幅度减小,雷达系统轻巧,低成本;灵活软件配置阵列,降低调试、测试、工艺、加工复杂难度,有利于雷达综合性能提升。     

遗传算法在阵列天线赋形波束综合中的应用

基于遗传算法，提出了一种新的阵列天线赋形波束综合方法，在阵列天线单元数，单元间距一定的情况下，对阵列天线单元馈电幅度，相位进行优化选择，使赋形波束达到设计要求，解决了遗传算法在阵列天线赋形波束应用时的关键技术和实现方法，进行了实验例证，获得了优良的赋形波束形状，显示了遗传算法在天线设计中的广泛应用前景。     

A Ka-band microstrip reflectarray with elements having variablerotation angles

This paper demonstrates a novel means of achieving cophasal far-field radiation for a circularly polarized microstrip reflectarray with elements having variable rotation angles. Two Ka-band half-meter microstrip reflectarrays have been fabricated and tested. Both are believed to be the electrically largest reflectarrays ever developed using microstrip patches. One, a conventional design, has identical square patches with variable-length microstrip phase-delay lines attached. The other has identical square patches with identical microstrip phase-delay lines but different element rotation angles. Both antennas demonstrated excellent performance with more than 55% aperture efficiencies, but the one with variable rotation angles resulted in better overall performance. A brief mathematical analysis is presented to validate this “rotational element” approach. With this approach, a means of scanning the main beam of the reflectarray over a wide angular region without any RF beamformer by using miniature or micromachined motors is viable     

Design of millimeter wave microstrip reflectarrays

This paper discusses the theoretical modeling and practical design of millimeter wave reflectarrays using microstrip patch elements of variable size. A full-wave treatment of plane wave reflection from a uniform infinite array of microstrip patches is described and used to generate the required patch-design data and to calculate the radiation patterns of the reflectarray. The critical parameters of millimeter wave reflectarray design, such as aperture efficiency, phase errors, losses, and bandwidth are also discussed. Several reflectarray feeding techniques are described, and measurements from four reflectarray design examples at 28 and 77 GHz are presented     

Modeling and Design of Electronically Tunable Reflectarrays

The reflectarray has significant promise in applications requiring high-gain, low-profile reflectors. Recent advances in tuning technology have raised the possibility of realizing electronically tunable reflectarrays, which can dynamically adjust their radiation patterns. This paper presents an electronically tunable reflectarray based on elements tuned using varactor diodes. Modeling approaches based on an equivalent circuit representation and computational electromagnetics simulations are presented. Both techniques accurately predict the scattering characteristics of the unit cell as compared to experimental measurements. The development of a unit cell with over 320^omicron of phase agility at 5.5 GHz is discussed. Finally, a 70-element electronically tunable reflectarray prototype operating at 5.8 GHz is presented. Radiation pattern measurements with the reflectarray demonstrate its dynamic beam-forming characteristics. Measurements of the gain of the reflectarray correlate well with theoretical expectations.     

A C/ka dual frequency dual Layer circularly polarized reflectarray antenna with microstrip ring elements

This paper reports a dual frequency dual layer circularly polarized reflectarray operating in the C and Ka bands. A 0.5-m right-hand circularly polarized planar reflectarray antenna is designed using microstrip ring elements of variable rotations to achieve a cophasal beam at broadside. The microstrip ring elements are more compact than the traditional reflectarray elements and can minimize blockage for the multilayer multifrequency applications. The highest efficiencies measured are 46% at 7.3 GHz and 38% at 31.75 GHz. The tested cross-polarization levels are -21 dB at 7.3 GHz and -29.2 dB at 31.75 GHz at the broadside direction. The tested results show that the designed ring element is suitable for both the single and dual layer applications with good bandwidth and circularly polarized performance.     

Three-layer printed reflectarrays for contoured beam space applications

A procedure for designing contoured beam reflectarrays in a defined frequency band is proposed. The reflectarray consists of three layers of rectangular patch arrays backed by a ground plane. The phase of the reflection coefficient for both linear polarizations is controlled at each reflective element by adjusting the patch dimensions. To overcome the frequency band limitation of reflectarrays, the patch dimensions are adjusted to match the required phase distribution and its variation with frequency. A phase-only synthesis technique based on the intersection approach has been applied to obtain the phase distribution on the reflectarray surface. An experimental demonstration is presented by means of a medium-size two-layer reflectarray that radiates two pencil beams separated by 55/spl deg/. An 80-cm three-layer reflectarray has been designed for typical South America DBS coverage at Ku-band for dual polarization. After the optimization of the patch dimensions to match the phase distribution in the 12.8-14.2 GHz band significant improvements have been achieved in the contoured patterns. As a result, the theoretical radiation patterns practically fulfill the requirements in the coverage region within a 10% bandwidth.     

A dual planar reflectarray with synthesized phase and amplitude distribution

A quasi-planar reflector arrangement for generating an arbitrary phase and amplitude distribution in the antenna aperture and thus a wide range of far field patterns is presented. A parallel pair of reflectarrays is used. One is implemented as a standard reflectarray using rectangular patches on a microwave substrate with metallized backside. The other reflectarray is provided with a polarizing grid, which acts as a ground plane for one polarization and is transparent for the orthogonal polarization. An offset rectangular feed horn is embedded in the lower reflectarray to illuminate the upper reflector. A design procedure for a linear polarized antenna with a sector beam in the azimuth and a narrow beam width in the elevation is presented and is verified with measurement results.     

Novel Broadband Reflectarray Antenna with Two-Type Elements for Millimeter-Wave Application

A novel broadband millimeter-wave microstrip reflectarray antenna with square-annular patches and combined patches has been presented, aiming to solve the problem of how to obtain a full 360° range of phase shifts for single-layer. The choice of these two-type elements can make the phase shift smoother and increased up to 360°, leading to broader bandwidth. Based on this technique, a single-layer microstrip reflectarray antenna operating at 94 GHz has been designed. The computed results demonstrate the agreement of the main beam steering with the design requirement, and a 1-dB gain bandwidth close to 10% is obtained. The simulation results verify the feasibility of this design.     

Mechanically controlled reflectarray antenna for beam switching and beam shaping in millimetre-wave applications

A novel method is proposed to shape or switch the radiating beam of a reflectarray antenna by slight displacement of its layers with respect to each other. A reflectarray, which is a quasi-periodic structure composed of microstrip patches loaded by slot elements, is used in this scheme. The required phase shift at each position on the reflectarray surface is obtained by varying the slot length on the ground plane. Several groups of slots are etched on the slot layer and each group corresponds to one and the same beam. Mechanical alignment of the slots that belong to a certain group with the patch leads to activation of the corresponding beam. This method was used to design a reflectarray antenna with three beams at /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ and 0/spl deg/. Measurement results demonstrated the validity of the design procedure.     

A Dual-Mode Millimeter-Wave Folded Microstrip Reflectarray Antenna

A dual-mode folded microstrip reflectarray antenna was developed and demonstrated in this paper. The proposed folded reflectarray antenna contains three parts: a planar main reflector, a planar subreflector, and printed feed antennas. The main reflector is used to produce twisted reradiated fields and to provide phase compensation for focusing. The subreflector parallel with the main reflector is made of a substrate printed with high-density metal grid lines, which is transparent to perpendicularly polarized fields, but would reflect the parallel ones. Three fixed-position patch antennas with polarization parallel to the grid lines are created for the radar mode, so that the radiation beam is switchable. Another patch with perpendicular polarization is designed for communication. A simple approach was proposed for simulating and designing the folded reflectarray. Measured results show good agreement with the calculated ones.