裂解SiOC陶瓷内涂层改善炭气凝胶复合材料抗氧化性能研究（英文）

为了提高炭纤维增强炭气凝胶隔热复合材料的抗氧化性能,以二甲基二乙氧基硅烷和甲基三甲氧基硅烷为原料配制SiOC先驱体溶胶并浸渍炭气凝胶复合材料,经凝胶老化、溶剂交换、干燥、裂解得到含SiOC内涂层炭气凝胶复合材料,重复以上步骤得到不同复合次数的抗氧化复合材料。研究表明随着复合次数增加,复合材料密度和热导率增加,复合3次的密度为0.77g/cm3(未复合之前为0.20g/cm3),热导率为0.33W/m·K(未复合之前为0.11W/m·K)。在空气中1600℃,20min抗氧化测试,质量损失率随着复合次数增加而减小,复合3次的质量损失率为10.33%,线收缩率为1.16%。通过浸渍有机硅溶胶,裂解转化后可在纳米多孔炭气凝胶复合材料内部形成内涂层,明显改善其抗氧化性能。     

硅铝纤维复合气凝胶的制备及热学稳定性

以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)和仲丁醇铝(ASB)为前驱体,硝酸为催化剂,复合莫来石纤维为增强支撑骨架,在不使用螯合剂情况下,采用溶胶-凝胶技术,超临界干燥制备了块体硅-铝纤维复合气凝胶。制备的样品分别进行600,800和1000℃热处理。利用扫描电镜、红外分光光度计、X射线衍射仪、Hotdesk热导率分析仪等仪器对复合气凝胶的微观形貌、结构及热性能进行表征。硅铝复合气凝胶在室温下热导率为0.035W/m·K,复合气凝胶的热导率随着温度的升高而升高。硅铝纤维复合气凝胶室温下的热导率为0.046W/m·K,高温处理后的收缩率相比硅铝复合气凝胶有所降低。     

SiO2气凝胶绝热涂层隔热与耐高温性能研究

目的探究SiO_2气凝胶在绝热涂层中的应用,利用SiO_2气凝胶的低导热系数、低密度、高孔隙率及低折射率等优异性质,提高涂层隔热性能和耐高温性能。方法通过筛选不同类型的水性树脂和功能填料,选择吸热较少的树脂和隔热性能优异的填料作为绝热涂层的原材料。采用自制隔热装置以及导热系数测量仪,对添加不同质量分数SiO_2气凝胶的绝热涂层的隔热性能进行研究,并采用XRD、FT-IR等多种分析手段,研究涂层加热到200、300、400℃时的物相结构和基团变化。结果水性丙烯酸树脂含吸热基团较少,在相同光照条件下,平衡温度分别比聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂低0.8℃和1.8℃,适宜作SiO_2气凝胶绝热涂层的成膜物质。涂层隔热性能随SiO_2气凝胶质量分数的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势,当SiO_2气凝胶质量分数为5%时,涂层的隔热性能最佳,同未添加SiO_2气凝胶的涂层相比,最大温差可达12℃。随SiO_2气凝胶质量分数的增加,涂层的耐高温性能提升,当SiO_2气凝胶的质量分数为7%时,涂层能在400℃高温下保持良好的性能。结论 SiO_2气凝胶对隔热涂层的隔热性能和耐高温性能有较大提升,对SiO_2气凝胶涂层的多领域应用奠定了一定基础。     

常压干燥条件下基于甲基三甲氧基硅烷的二氧化硅气凝胶膜制备（英文）

硅源作为制备二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体的重要组成部分,对获得结构完整、性能优良的二氧化硅气凝胶至关重要。常压干燥条件下,采用溶胶-凝胶法,选择具有有机基团的硅源前驱体甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)成功制备了SiO_2气凝胶膜,并简化了常压制备SiO_2气凝胶膜的操作步骤。对样品的微观结构、折射率、孔隙率、透过率等进行了表征,研究了热处理温度对SiO_2气凝胶膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,气凝胶膜的孔隙率增加、透过率升高。     

高分子纤维增韧SiO_2气凝胶复合材料的制备

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,乙醇和水为溶剂,芳纶纤维为增强相,通过溶胶凝胶及常压干燥等步骤,实现了芳纶增韧SiO_2气凝胶复合材料的非超临界制备.采用扫描电镜、吸附-脱附等分析手段及热导率测试对所得气凝胶样品进行结构分析和性质表征.结果表明,调节反应体系的各反应参数可以获得具有不同外形、密度及热导率的复合材料;所得气凝胶平均孔径约为10～20 nm,比表面积可达1000 m~2/g,可望在隔热材料等领域得到应用.     

二氧化硅气凝胶及其复合材料吸声性能的研究进展

制备出良好的具有高孔隙率的吸声材料对于噪声的控制至关重要。二氧化硅气凝胶凭借其高孔隙率和高声阻抗近年来越来越受关注,将其与传统吸声材料相复合可显著结合两者的吸声优势,对于噪声的消除具有很重要的意义。介绍了吸声性能的概念、吸声结构、机理以及测量表征方法,深入探究了空气流阻、密度、厚度、孔隙率、孔径、杨氏模量以及颗粒大小对气凝胶吸声性能的影响规律,详细综述了二氧化硅气凝胶与有机物、有机物/无机矿物以及非织造布复合材料吸声性能的研究进展,最后展望了目前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

高隔热性能和机械性能的聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅气凝胶复合膜

二氧化硅气凝胶的大规模应用受限于许多原因,机械性能差是其中之一。如何在应用中发挥气凝胶的优势一直是研究关注的重点。本研究将二氧化硅气凝胶微球添加到聚酰亚胺中成功制备了聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅气凝胶复合膜。实验结果显示：与纯聚酰亚胺膜相比,复合膜的热导率降低,并且随着添加量的增加而继续下降,最小值为0.321 W m_-1 K_-1。与纯聚酰亚胺膜相比,复合膜的机械性能有所下降。因此,在膜材料应用中兼顾机械性能和隔热性能是很重要的。本研究丰富了气凝胶的应用形式。     

电子封装用Al-50%SiC复合材料的组织和性能（英文）

采用粉末冶金法制备体积分数为50%、不同SiC颗粒尺寸(平均尺寸为23、38和75μm)的Al/SiC复合材料。研究SiC颗粒尺寸和退火对Al/SiC复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明,在所得复合材料中,SiC颗粒均匀分布在铝基体中。粗Si C颗粒能提高材料的热膨胀系数和热导率,细SiC颗粒降低材料的热膨胀系数和提高抗弯强度。经过400°C、6 h退火后,SiC颗粒的尺寸和形态没有发生变化,但材料的热膨胀系数和抗弯强度降低,热导率增大。退火后,SiC颗粒尺寸为75μm复合材料的热导率为156 W/(m·K),热膨胀系数为11.6×10~(-6)K~(-1),抗弯强度为229 MPa。     

加热温度对22MnB5微观组织和奥氏体晶粒的影响

热成形过程中的加热温度对板料性能影响非常显著。本文研究了在不同加热温度下板料的微观组织,并通过氧化法和晶粒边界腐蚀法显示22MnB5钢奥氏体晶界,测定板料晶粒尺寸的变化。结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,板料微观组织马氏体板条束宽度和奥氏体晶粒尺寸随之增大,在900℃时晶粒尺寸适中且分布较为均匀,且氧化法较晶粒边界腐蚀法显示的晶粒尺寸偏细。测定板料抗拉强度,在900℃时出现峰值,且此温度下板料硬度值约为550HV,因此,加热温度900℃,保温时间3min,板料综合性能较好。     

纳米多孔二氧化硅气凝胶的声学性能(英文)

二氧化硅气凝胶是一种低密度纳米多孔材料,它有着独特的声学性能。简要介绍二氧化硅气凝胶材料的制备,重点介绍声波在二氧化硅气凝胶材料中传播所受影响引起的特殊性能——低声速与声波衰减;讨论了材料密度等相关因素对声速的影响,以及超声波段与可听声波段中二氧化硅气凝胶材料对声波的吸收机理。同时,在固体材料中二氧化硅气凝胶还具有最低的声阻抗。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.