压电振动能量收集电路的设计与实验研究

压电材料可将机械振动能转换为电能,但其产生的电能较小且具有交流特性,有必要建立储能电路将压电振动产生的电能储存起来并输出稳定的直流电。根据压电构造方程,建立压电振动能量收集系统的耦合场数学模型,对输出电压和最大输出功率进行数值模拟。设计与制作了一种以电容为储能介质的储能电路,通过电压比较器和电压调节器来保证稳定的直流输出。实验结果表明该储能电路能提供稳定的2.24V的直流输出电压,储能效率最高可达66.3%,并分析其能耗及误差产生的原因。     

输电线路架空地线取电系统电源变换模块仿真设计

本文为输电线路架空地线取电系统设计出配套的电源变换模块,并对模块电路进行了仿真分析。该电源变换模块可以实现9~100V交流输入到12V直流输出的转换。通过设计整流电路、搭建电路模型、分析电路的输入输出特性,从而得到相对稳定的直流电压源。通过设计电压变换电路将整流电路输出的直流电压进行转换,得到系统所需的12V直流电压,文中优化了电路控制信号脉冲占空比,得到了不同输入电压情况下的最优脉冲占空比,拟合出最优占空比随输入电压变化曲线。     

基于DDS信号生成原理的压电驱动装置电源设计

针对多层叠堆设计的压电驱动装置,需要一种高电压和高频率信号驱动电源。详细介绍了一种采用DDS(Direct Digital Synthesis:直接数字频率合成技术)信号生成原理的设计方案。首先利用FPGA生成不同频率、波形的信号数据,再采用PCM1702实现D/A转换,将信号通过一级运放输出幅值范围0~10 V高质量的电压信号,最后应用二级运放和功率放大电路实现±250V信号输出,波形信号为梯形波,频率最高可达1.5KHz。通过搭建驱动电源测试平台后,验证了采用DDS信号生成原理的驱动电源的有效性和实用性。     

双驱动足压电平台驱动电源设计

根据双驱动足压电平台的驱动特性,设计了相应的驱动电路。该电路为可控电压源,具有信号π/2延迟和低频线性放大的特点,线性度好。由PSoC3发出频率、幅值连续可调的驱动信号和相应的偏置信号,经硬件电路实现信号的处理和电压、功率放大,放大范围为0~220V,可通过置换更高性能的场效应管实现更大范围的电压输出。硬件电路分为信号处理部分和功率放大部分。信号处理部分主要是进行分频和信号偏置,功率放大部分进行电压放大和功率输出。针对三极管放大时的工作参数的分布特性,使用电压跟随器实现波形的反对称修正和跟随。用集电极输出的方式实现电压放大,有一定的输出内阻,因压电叠堆的大容性特性,只适用于1kV内的低频输出。     

高精度大功率压电陶瓷驱动关键技术

压电陶瓷驱动电源是压电陶瓷微位移系统中的关键部件。以高压功率放大器PA93为核心,提出了一种新型高精度、大功率压电陶瓷驱动电源,适合驱动大行程、大推力压电陶瓷致动器。重点阐述了电路的设计方案,对复合放大电路进行了特性分析。实验结果表明,该驱动电源具有精度高,输出电压高,电流大,稳定性好的特点。当驱动等效负载电容为24 μF的压电陶瓷时,在0~100 Hz频率范围内实现了0~10 V信号到0~100 V信号的动态放大,输出电压精度优于3×10-5,最大输出电流350 mA。     

压电马达功率驱动电路的工程优化

压电马达需高压交流信号进行驱动,传统的驱动电路通过电感与马达构成谐振升压电路产生高压。分析指出了传统电路缺点在于谐振电路的输出信号不均衡且不稳定,而且需逐个微调马达对应的匹配电感。基于短时工作、轻载荷的应用环境,针对上述缺点提出了多级升压方案。新的方案减轻了谐振升压电路的压力。电感主要作用转变为调节电路功率因数。因此两相输出信号变得平稳、均衡,且无需微调电感,调试过程得以精简,利于批量生产。试验数据表明电路可输出±260 V的交流信号,驱动Ф11 mm行波压电马达正常工作,转速约600 RPM。     

压电式点胶机驱动电源研究

为满足压电陶瓷对驱动电源连续可调和快速响应的要求,同时改善传统驱动电源效率低、输出波纹大等缺点,该文采用一种直流逆变原理和电压控制驱动方案,并进行了理论分析和实际的电路实验。结合主功率电路和控制电路,采用交流直流变换、功率转换、整流滤波输出直流电压,结合脉宽调制控制芯片,经采样反馈调节高频逆变器的占空比,从而调节输出电压的大小,采用半桥驱动方式实现负载的驱动。当驱动等效负载电容为6.4μF的压电陶瓷时,在0~1kHz频率范围内实现输出电压0~200V连续可调,波纹电压小于10mV,上升沿的时间只有75μs,能满足点胶机的工作要求。     

压电陶瓷驱动器线性动态驱动电源的研制

根据压电陶瓷基本物理参数计算出压电驱动电源的最小基本性能参数,并利用高压运放研制了一种新型压电陶瓷驱动器的驱动电源,它具有高的输出电压范围(±200V),高输出电流(200mA,峰值电流300mA)。并且通过对反馈电路的波特图分析,讨论了自激震荡的产生和防止。在试验中通过对压电驱动器的正弦信号激励分析,表明驱动电源在带负载时有良好的输入跟随性能,能够满足复杂压电驱动器控制需要。     

压电马达驱动控制电路的研究

分析和设计了一种频率可调式小型化压电马达驱动控制电路,能够输出单路和双路信号(相位差为90°),驱动控制驻波型和行波型压电马达,并实现了无线遥控,输出频率范围在0～150 kHz,输出电压可以通过改变变压器的匝数比进行调节.通过实验证实了这种驱动电路能够满足压电马达驱动的要求.     

直管谐振式低频压电声能量回收系统

为了高效回收环境中的声能,基于阵列式压电换能器、直管谐振腔以及能量回收电路提出了一种声能量回收系统.当声波进入直管谐振腔,管中产生谐振驻波作用于压电换能器,将声能转换为电能.本文设计了能量回收电路并且进行理论、仿真分析实验研究了压电振子数量、声波频率、声压级对输出电压的影响,分析了负载电阻对输出电压及功率的影响.实验结果表明,该装置可回收不同频率的声能量,在声波频率为96Hz时发电效果最优.当入射声压级为110dB时,不使用能量回收电路,输出交流电压有效值最高达12.9V,输出交流功率最高达到799μW;使用设计的能量回收电路,最高输出直流电压为64.2V,最高输出直流功率为473μW.该声能量回收系统不仅可以作为声能量采集器,还能对无线传感节点等独立工作的微型电子系统供能.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks