轮胎胶料挤出流动中粘弹特性分析

考察了洞口胶、缓冲胶和翻胎胎面胶胶料在毛细管挤出流动中的粘弹性行为及机理。结果表明,在温度为90℃和表观剪切速率为1－10^3s^-1的操作条件下,3种胶料的剪切滚动均服从幂律,且非牛顿指数值相差不大;入口压力降和挤出膨胀比均随表观剪切速率的增大而呈非线性函数形式增大,且洞口胶的挤出膨胀比最大,缓冲胶最小;而缓冲胶的入口压力降最大,洞口胶最小。应用挤出膨胀方程估算的试样剪切弹性模量与壁面剪切应力呈线性函数关系,其预测值与文献值相当接近。     

内胎胶料的挤出胀大行为

用Monsanto毛细管流变仪,在100～130 ℃及流动速率1.02～254.00 mm/min的条件下,考察了内胎胶料的挤出胀大行为.结果表明,在一定温度下,挤出胀大比(B)随着壁面表观剪切速率的增加而增大,两者之间呈非线性函数关系,而B与壁面剪切应力则大致上呈线性函数关系;当表观剪切速率一定时,B随着温度的升高而非线性下降.在一定的挤出条件下,B随着流道直径比的增加而有所增大,两者之间近似呈线性函数关系.     

ABS熔体挤出流变性质的研究

考察了毛细管挤出过程中温度和流动速率对ABS树脂熔体流变行为的影响。结果表明 ,当剪切速率大于 10 3s 1后 ,熔体的剪切流动不服从幂律 ;而剪切粘度对温度的依赖性符合Arrhenius方程 ;入口压力降和入口拉伸应力均随着剪切应力的增加而呈非线性函数形式增大     

热塑性塑料熔体剪切模量的预测

应用先前发表的出口压力降（△Ｐｅｘ）与壁面剪切应力（τｗ）的关系式，以及文献报道的几种热塑性塑料挤出流动中的△Ｐｅｘ和τｗ测量数据，估算了相应的熔体剪切模量（Ｇ）。结果表明，Ｇ随着τｗ的增加而呈线性函数形式增大。     

内胎胶挤出流动中出口压力降的估算

应用前文中提出的出口压力降△exit与挤出胀大比的关系式,估算了挤出条件下内胎胶的出口压力损失。结果表明,当温度一定时,△exit随着剪切速率的增加而增大;而在固定的剪切速率下,△exit则随着温度的升高而下降。     

高挤出速率下LDPE熔体流动特性的研究

应用Ｒｏｓａｎｄ毛细管流变仪,于高挤出速率下考察了低密度聚乙烯熔体的流动特性。发现：熔体的剪切流动大体上服从幂定律;入口压力降剪切速率或剪切应力的增加而呈非线性函数形式增大;熔体的剪切粘度对温度的依赖性符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系,其温粘性随着剪切强度的增加而有所减弱,此外,当前切速率大于４００ｓ＾－１时可观察到流动曲线的“平台”现象。     

POE/纳米碳酸钙复合材料的流变性能研究

试验研究聚烯烃弹性体（POE）／纳米碳酸钙复合材料的流变性能。结果表明，随着剪切速率的增大，复合材料的剪切粘度和非牛顿指数逐渐减小，挤出胀大比和零口型入口压力降增大，挤出物外观变差；随着纳米碳酸钙用量的增大，复合材料的剪切粘度对剪切速率的敏感性下降，非牛顿指数增大，挤出胀大比总体上呈下降趋势，零口型入口压力降变化较小，在相对低的剪切速率下，挤出物外观得到改善。     

挤出条件对PP/硅藻土口模膨胀行为影响

应用熔体流动速率仪测定了3种粒径硅藻土(体积分数为10%)填充聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的口模膨胀比(B),考察口模直径和挤出工艺条件对复合体系口模膨胀行为的影响.结果表明.复合体系的B随着剪切应力和剪切速率的增加而非线性增大,且随着温度的上升而线性下降;当载荷及温度一定时,B随着口模直径增加呈非线性提高,随着口模长径比增加呈非线性减小.     

聚甲醛熔体挤出流动性能和挤出胀大的研究

应用流动速率仪,在温度170~220℃和载荷1.2~12.5 kg的条件下,考察了剪切速率(γ)、剪切应力(τw)及温度等对聚甲醛熔体流动特性和挤出胀大的影响。结果表明,熔体的剪切流动基本上服从幂律定律;熔体的表观剪切粘度对温度的依赖性大致上符合Arrhenius方程;表观剪切粘度随着γ和τw的增加而非线性减小;挤出胀大比随着温度的升高而近乎线性下降,随着τw和γ的增加而呈非线性增大。     

挤出过程中NR／CPB混炼胶壁滑移行为研究：Ⅱ.壁滑移速度

应用Ｍｏｎｓａｎｔｏ加工性能试验机，考察了天然胶／顺丁胶胶料在毛细管挤出过程中的壁滑移速度及其影响因素。发现，在较低的剪切速率下，试样的流动曲线出现不连续；壁滑移速度与壁面剪切应力之间大体上呈指数函数关系；发生壁滑移时的临界剪切应力随着温度的升高而下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。