Structural characterization and thermally stimulated discharge conductivity (TSDC) study in polymer thin films

The electrical conductivity of naphthalene doped polystyrene (PS) films (≈61·58 μm thick) was studied as a function of dopant concentration and temperature. The formation of charge transfer (CT) complexes and strong concentration dependence of carrier mobility point out that the current carriers are transported through doped polymer system via hopping among sites associated with the dopant molecules. The activation energy, E _a, was calculated from the graph of log σ vs 10³/T plot within low and high temperature regions.     

高介电陶瓷材料在油品介电精制方法中的应用

目前对于介电材料的研究与应用一般集中于电子产品及其相关领域，高介电陶瓷材料应用于油品精制领域还是一个新的尝试。首先简要介绍了介电力学精制工艺装置，并重点讨论了介电陶瓷在其中的应用及基本原理，最后选用几种不同介电常数的介电陶瓷材料在装置中进行了实验，实验证明，高介电陶瓷材料对油品有较好的精制效果，并且对于所选用的几种介电材料而言随着介电常数的增加精制效果也提高。     

Thermally stimulated polarization and depolarization current (TSPC/TSDC) techniques for studying ion motion in glass

The feasibility of studying ionic motion in glass using thermally stimulated polarization (TSPC)/depolarization current (TSDC) techniques was investigated with 4Na₂O-96SiO₂ and 30PbO-70SiO₂ (mol %) glasses. The TSPC peaks in these glasses were dependent on glass composition and attributed to bulk polarization. The high temperature background TSPC is shown to be due to the d.c. conductivity, whereas the TSPC/TSDC peaks in the 4Na₂O glass are attributed to shorter range Na⁺ motion.     

Prediction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) densities from new experimental dielectric constant data

A concentric cylinder capacitor has been used to measure the orthobaric liquid dielectric constants of multicomponent mixtures of the major components of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to an accuracy of approximately ± 0.05% at temperatures from 110 to 130 K. These mixtures ranged from a ternary mixture containing nitrogen, methane, and normal butane to four to eight component methane rich (74 to 90 mol %) mixtures containing up to 5 mol % of nitrogen, 16 mol % of ethane, 7 mol % of propane, 5 mol % of the butanes, and 0.44 mol % of the pentanes. Some of these mixtures were prepared to simulate commercial LNG compositions. Experimental densities previously reported for these mixtures have been combined with the mixture dielectric constant data to calculate values of the Clausius-Mossotti (CM) function and the excess CM function. Pure component experimental CM functions for LNG components except for propane and isobutane have been combined with the mixture data in the development of a simple calculational technique for the prediction of LNG densities to an uncertainty of approximately ± 0.15% based on a knowledge of the composition and dielectric constant of the liquid mixtures. In fitting the data, pseudo values of the CM function are derived for the slightly polar components, propane and isobutane, while constraining the mixture excess CM function to be zero.     

非化学计量比巨介电CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷研究

采用固相反应法制备了不同化学计量比的CaCu3Ti4O12(简称CCTO)陶瓷。当Ca、Cu、Ti的原子摩尔比为1.08∶3.00∶4.44时,获得了相对介电常数在1kHz下高达4×105(1kHz)的巨介电CCTO陶瓷,其介电常数比标准化学计量比CCTO陶瓷高约一个数量级。结合XRD、SEM、EDX等分析表征结果,对巨介电常数的物理机理进行了探讨。     

POSS基低介电常数多孔薄膜的制备与性能研究

通过4，4’-二（4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸）苯酯与POSS分子的硅氢化反应，合成了POSS交联聚合物。用FTIR、XRD对聚合物结构进行了表征，利用椭偏仪测量了薄膜的折射率和介电常数。通过改变单体与POSS投料摩尔比，可制备出k＜2.5的低介电常数薄膜。     

高介电常数BaTiO3陶瓷畴反转电流影响因素的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶结合二次煅烧的方法制备了高介电常数BaTiO3陶瓷,通过X射线衍射分析得到所制备的体系为四方相和立方相共存结构,从扫描电镜的图像中能观察其晶粒尺寸为1μm。通过TF2000铁电分析仪得到其介电常数在煅烧温度为1310℃,保温时间为4h,室温、测试频率为100Hz、测试电压为100V的条件下最大值为38306。研究了BaTiO3铁电陶瓷的反转电流随温度、频率和电压的影响规律,研究发现随着温度的升高反转电流缓慢降低,而随着电场和频率的增加反转电流迅速升高。从能量的观点也能进一步分析温度和电场对于反转电流的影响。     

Thermally stimulated discharge current studies of pure and doped polyvinyl alcohol films

Thermally stimulated currents have been studied in solution grown pure and doped polyvinyl alcohol films polarised at different temperatures. The TSC spectra have been used to calculate relaxation time, activation energy, capture cross section, charge and the attempt-to-escape frequency in films doped with different impurities. The electrical conductivity, charge-retaining capability and other parameters are found to be dependent on the doping. The results are explained in terms of the energy levels created by the dopants and charge transfer through a tunnelling mechanism.     

Thermally stimulated depolarization current and Mössbauer spectroscopy of iron-doped niobophosphate glasses

Niobophosphate glasses (P₂O₅-PbO-Nb₂O₅-K₂O-XFe₂O₃), were studied using thermally stimulated depolarization currents and Mössbauer spectroscopy in samples of different iron concentrations, and were subjected to oxidation and reduction processes. The use of both techniques provided new information about the distribution of iron and niobium between tetrahedral and octahedral sites.     

Photoconductivity and dielectric studies of potassium pentaborate crystal (KB5)

Single crystal of potassium pentaborate (KB5) has been grown by solution growth technique. FTIR and laser Raman measurements are carried out to make a qualitative analysis on KB5 crystal. Dielectric behaviour of the KB5 crystal has been studied in the microwave region using K-band microwave bench equipped with the Gunn Oscillator guided with rectangular wave-guide. To confirm the suitability of this crystal as electro optic device, its dielectric behaviour with the change of frequency has also been investigated. Photoconductivity studies were also carried out on this material. It was interesting to observe that the KB5 crystal exhibited negative photoconductivity.     

Detection of strength limiting defects in cellular glasses by dielectric measurements

Cellular (foamed) glasses are a prime candidate for certain structural applications, such as support of the silvered glass concentrator mirrors in solar thermal energy systems. An economical nondestructive measurement of strength-limiting defects in these materials would permit development of designs in which the material is subjected to a higher working stress level and maintains the same probability of failure. This would result in weight and cost savings for any application. A method of measuring the capacitance of well-defined regions of a specimen was investigated. Large voids were found to produce significant localized changes in the capacitance of the specimen. The feasibility of locating the large, strength limiting defects in this porous material has been demonstrated for one type of cellular glass. Means of producing an image from this type of data and an implementation scheme for on-line production measurements are discussed.     

电子玻璃纤维介电性能和工艺参数的研究

实验设计了3组共计9个玻璃配方,通过改变铝硼硅酸盐无碱玻璃系统中各氧化物的比例,研究了组成和性能之间的关系.玻璃用铂金坩埚在电炉中1600℃/6 h熔制,测定了玻璃的介电性能、高温粘度和分相析晶性能等.研究结果表明:降低玻璃中Al2O3含量,同时适当增加SiO2、TiO2或CaO,可以较好地兼顾玻璃的介电性能,并使玻璃的工艺参数满足工业生产的要求.     

Thermally stimulated discharge current and DC resistivity of ethylene propylene rubberwith various Pb concentrations

DC resistivity of extruded ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) samples with various Pb concentration have been measured under wet conditions as a function of electrical field at selected temperatures in a range from 20 to 100°C. The temperature and electrical field coefficients of resistivity have been calculated. Thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) has also been measured and a broad positive peak has been observed for three EPR samples. It has been found that the resistivity of EPR is not sensitive to the Pb concentration within the range of 0 to 5 parts per hundred base resin (phr). The results show that the resistivity of EPR varies non-linearly with both temperature and electrical field. The temperature coefficient of resistivity α of EPR has been measured to be ∼0.1 K⁻¹ for all the samples with various Pb concentration. The electrical field coefficient of resistivity β of EPR at room temperature is small and increases with temperature. Increasing Pb content increases slightly the electrical field coefficient β of resistivity. Based on a space charge limited conduction model, the trap depth of EPR has been estimated. TSDC measurements indicate that doping with Pb increases both the density of charge carriers and the number of deep traps simultaneously. The broad TSDC peak reveals that there must be a distribution rather than just a single value of the trap depth.     

Dielectric properties of Bi4(GeO4)3 and Bi4(SiO4)3

Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity of Bi₄(GeO₄)₃ and Bi₄(SiO₄)₃ single crystals have been measured as a function of frequency and in the temperature range from liquid nitrogen temperature to 400° C. The values of the static dielectric constant at room temperature are 16·4 and 13·7 for Bi₄(GeO₄)₃ and Bi₄(SiO₄)₃ respectively. The plots of log (σ) against reciprocal temperature at different frequencies of these crystals merge into a straight line beyond 250°C and the activation energies calculated in this region are found to be 0·95 eV and 1·2 eV for Bi₄(GeO₄)₃ and Bi₄(SiO₄)₃ respectively.     

Dispersion of dielectric constant and resistivity of Cu x Zn1−x Fe2O4 samples

Cu _x Zn_1−x Fe₂O₄ samples exhibit dispersion of dielectric constant, tanδ and resistivity in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 50 MHz. The dispersion exhibited is in general accord with Koops’ model. However, the details of the conducting and non-conducting regions must be taken into account when composition tends to change interrelationship between the elementary capacitor resistor circuits. On quenching these samples from 800°C the dielectric constantε ¹ showed an increase for CuFe₂O₄ and Cu_0·8Zn_0·2Fe₂O₄ samples. The dielectric constant of the remaining samples showed no influence on quenching. The compositional variation showed that the dielectric constant has higher value for the ferrite Cu_0·4Zn_0·6Fe₂O₄ The results are explained on the basis of cation transfer.     

化学法增大铝箔表面阳极氧化膜介电常数的研究与进展

目前通过电化学方法增大铝阳极箔的有效表面积已越来越困难,铝电解电容器的阳极箔正面临一场新的技术革新：形成高介电常数的复合氧化膜来提高铝氧化膜的比容。本文对形成复合氧化膜的化学方法,复合氧化膜的生长机理,当前研究热点及形成复合氧化膜技术的未来发展进行了综合评述。     

Dielectric properties of K2Zn2(SO4)3 and (NH4)2 Mg2(SO4)3

Dielectric constant (ɛ), dielectric loss (tan δ) and conductivity (σ) for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ have been measured over the frequency range 100 Hz — 100 kHz and in temperature range 30°C — 400°C. The values of static dielectric constant at room temperature are 7.67 and 4.80 for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively. The plots of log σ against reciprocal temperature at different frequencies of these samples merge into a straight line beyond 250°C and the activation energies calculated in this region are found to be 0.67 eV and 1.98 eV for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively.     

紫外辐照对超低介电常数SiCOH薄膜组成与机械性能的影响

采用紫外光辐照超低介电常数多孔SiCOH薄膜,研究不同照射时间对薄膜结构和性能的影响。采用动态纳米压入技术测量薄膜的力学性能,发现随照射时间增加,薄膜的模量（Er）和硬度（H）不断提高。当辐照时间增至6h时,薄膜力学强度分别达到Er约7.4GPa,H约1.0GPa。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析表明紫外辐照处理能够使薄膜样品中发生键的断裂与重新结合,从而改变了薄膜骨架的交联密度和刚性,进而提高力学性能。但介电性能并未受到明显影响,紫外辐照6h后,k值仅从2.0增至2.2。